Buku Lothandiza Lokhudza Malamulo ndi Malamulo a Milandu

Introduction

Tangoganizirani: mwadzidzidzi mwalandira chidziwitso chakuti akaunti yanu yakubanki, galimoto, kapena ngakhale nyumba yanu yagwidwa. Wobwereketsa akunena kuti muli ndi ngongole kwa iye ndipo walandira chilolezo kuchokera kukhoti kuti 'ayimitse' katundu wanu ngati chikole. Izi zimatchedwa kugwirizira kwa conservatory - chida champhamvu chalamulo chomwe chimateteza obwereketsa ku chiopsezo chakuti omwe ali ndi ngongole angawononge katundu wawo woweruza asanapereke chigamulo.

Koma bwanji ngati chikolecho chinaperekedwa molakwika? Nanga bwanji ngati zomwe zinaperekedwazo si zoona, kapena ngati chikolecho chili cholemera kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira? Mu bukhuli lathunthu, tikukufotokozerani za mwayi wochotsa chikolecho. Tikukambirana za zifukwa zalamulo, udindo wa woweruza, ndi mlandu wofunikira. chilamulo, ndi kupereka malangizo othandiza kwa onse omwe ali mu mgwirizano ndi alangizi azamalamulo.

N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika? Kusunga nyumba ya makolo kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Kutseka akaunti ya banki kungakulepheretseni kulipira lendi yanu kapena ngongole ya nyumba. Kusunga katundu wa bizinesi kungatseke bizinesi yanu. Ndipo kusunga nyumba kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pamtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku kusungidwa molakwika kapena mopanda tsankho.

1. Kodi Kugwirizana ndi Conservatory N'chiyani? Kubwereza Kwachidule

Tisanakambirane za kukweza zinthu, ndi bwino kuganizira mwachidule zomwe zimafunika pa kusungirako zinthu zakale komanso chifukwa chake zilipo.

Ntchito ya Conservatory Attachment

Kusunga katundu wa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imalola wobwereketsa kuti agwire katundu wa wobwereketsa wake ngakhale asanakhale ndi chigamulo chomaliza pa zomwe akunenazo. Cholinga chake ndikuletsa wobwereketsayo kugulitsa, kupereka, kapena kupangitsa kuti katundu wake asapezeke kuti abwezeretsedwe.

Chitsanzo: Wogulitsa A ali ndi ma invoice omwe sanalipidwe ndi kasitomala B a €50,000. A akuopa kuti B ali ndi mavuto azachuma ndipo posachedwa agulitsa zinthu zawo zamabizinesi. A akhoza kupempha chilolezo kuchokera kwa woweruza wothandiza poyamba kuti aike ndalama zosungiramo zinthu zakale pa zinthu za B. Ngati woweruzayo apereka chilolezochi, zinthuzo 'zimasungidwa' mpaka mlandu wokhudza zomwe akufuna utagamulidwa.

Vuto: Kuopsa kwa Nkhanza

Ngakhale kuti kugwirizira ndalama zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi njira yovomerezeka yovomerezeka ndi lamulo, pali chiopsezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Wobwereketsa akhoza kukakamizidwa kugwirizira ndalamazo kutengera zomwe zanenedwa zomwe pambuyo pake sizingakhale zoona. Kapena kugwirizira ndalamazo kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kofunikira pa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zanenedwazo. Zikatero, wogwirizirayo akhoza kuvulala kwambiri: akaunti ya banki yotsekedwa, kulephera kuchita bizinesi, kuwonongeka kwa mbiri.

Chifukwa chake, wopanga malamulo wakhazikitsa chitetezo: wogwiriridwayo akhoza kupita kukhoti ndikupempha kuti achotsedwe. Tikukambirana za kuthekera kumeneko mu blog iyi.

2. Maziko a Zamalamulo: Nkhani 705 DCCP monga Kampasi

Pakatikati pa kukweza kwa cholumikizira cha conservatory kumapezeka mu Nkhani 705 ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (DCCP)Nkhaniyi ndi chitsogozo chalamulo kwa aliyense amene akukambirana ngati chinthu chomangirira chiyenera kukhalapo kapena kuchotsedwa.

Nkhani 705 ndime 1 DCCP ikunena kuti woweruza milandu woyambirira akhoza kuchotsa chomangiracho ngati munthu aliyense wokhudzidwayo wapempha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si okhawo omwe ali ndi chomangiracho, komanso anthu ena omwe ali ndi chidwi chochotsa (mwachitsanzo, munthu wina amene anaikidwa chomangiracho) akhoza kupereka pempho lochotsa chomangiracho.

Ndime yachiwiri ya Nkhani 705 DCCP imatchula zifukwa zinayi zomwe kukweza kungatchulidwe. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za zifukwa zinayizi.

2.1 Zolakwika mu Ndondomeko: Ngati Ndondomekoyi Siili Yovomerezeka

Chifukwa choyamba chochotsera chimakhudza zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito chomangiracho. Chomangiracho chili ndi zofunikira zokhwima, ndipo ngati sizikwaniritsidwa, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chisagwire ntchito.

Zofunikira zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:

• • Munthu amene walandira chilolezo ayenera kuti adalandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa woweruza milandu yoyambirira (pokhapokha ngati chikukhudza kulandidwa chifukwa cha udindo weniweni kapena wokakamiza)
• • Lamulo la chilolezo liyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zalembedwa mwalamulo, monga mtundu wa pempho ndi ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa.
• • Chikalata cholembera (zolemba za zolembera) chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinazake zovomerezeka.
• • Pa mitundu ina yolumikizirana, mlandu waukulu uyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa nthawi inayake.

Chitsanzo Chochita: Chipani chogwirizanitsa chimakakamiza kukakamiza popanda chilolezo chochokera kukhoti, pomwe alibe udindo weniweni kapena wovomerezeka. Kapena: lamulo la chilolezo silikufotokoza momveka bwino maziko a zomwe akunenazo. M'zochitika zonsezi, pali vuto la njira zomwe zingayambitse kuchotsedwa kwa kukakamiza.

Zindikirani: Si vuto lililonse la njira zomwe zimachitika limangobweretsa kuchotsedwa. Liyenera kukhala ndi vuto pa zofunikira zomwe zimaperekedwa ngati palibe chifukwa chochotsera. Lamulo limasonyeza kuti ndi zofunikira ziti zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kotero kuti kuphwanya malamulo kumabweretsa kuchotsera.

2.2 Kusagwira Ntchito kwa Chigamulo: Kodi Chigamulocho Ndi Cholondola?

Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe mwina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa ndi chakuti zomwe zanenedwazo sizili zoona. Ngati zomwe zanenedwazo ndi zoona, ndiye kuti zomwe zanenedwazo sizili ndi ufulu wokhalapo.

Koma dziwani: mlingo wake ndi wapamwamba. Lamuloli limalankhula za umboni wachidule wa kusagwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakuwunika koyamba padziko lonse lapansi, ziyenera kukhala zomveka kale kuti zomwe zanenedwazo sizingachitike. Woweruza sachita kafukufuku wathunthu pa zomwe zanenedwazo - zomwe zimachitika pamilandu yayikulu - koma amawunika ngati zomwe zanenedwazo sizingatsimikizidwe.

Kodi ndi liti pamene pempho limakhala losavomerezeka?

• • Nkhaniyi yatha kale chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa
• • Chonenacho chakwaniritsidwa kale (ndipo izi n'zosavuta kusonyeza)
• • Palibe chifukwa chovomerezeka chovomerezeka cha zomwe akunenazi
• • Chipani chogwirizanacho chimadalira mfundo zomwe iwowo adavomereza kale kuti ndi zolakwika.

Chitsanzo Chochita: Wobwereketsa amakakamiza kuti pempho la €100,000 liperekedwe pansi pa mgwirizano womwe akuti ndi wogwirizana. Komabe, wobwereketsayo akuwonetsa kuti palibe mgwirizano womwe unasainidwapo ndipo wobwereketsayo adavomereza izi m'makalata akale. Pachifukwa chotere, woweruzayo akhoza kunena mwachidule kuti pempholo ndi losavomerezeka.

Malamulo a milandu amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti kukayikira kuyenera kutanthauziridwa kuti kuthandize munthu amene wagwirizana naye. Ngati pali mafunso omwe angayankhidwe pamilandu yayikulu yokha, mfundo yokhudza kukakamizayo imasungidwa (onani pakati pa ena ECLI:NL:RBROT:2019:1824).

2.3 Kusafunikira kwa Chomangira: Kodi Ndi Chofanana?

Chifukwa chachitatu chikukhudza kusafunikira kwa chikole. Ngakhale ngati chilengezocho chingakhalepo, chikolecho chikhoza kuchotsedwa ngati sichikufunikira.

Kodi ndi liti pamene kulumikiza sikofunikira?

• • Wogwiridwayo ali ndi katundu wina wokwanira wobwezeredwa womwe munthu wogwiridwayo angathe kuupeza mosavuta.
• • Ndalama zomwe zaphatikizidwazo ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zomwe zanenedwa (kusalingana)
• • Kuyika katundu wofunikira pa bizinesi ya wogwiridwayo kwakhala kukakamizidwa, pomwe pali njira zina zopezera katunduyo.
• • Pakadali pano, munthu amene wagwirizana naye walandira kale chitetezo china chokwanira.

Chitsanzo Chochita: Wobwereketsa amaika chikole cha €20,000 pa katundu wamtengo wapatali wa €400,000, pomwe wogwiriridwayo alinso ndi akaunti yakubanki yokhala ndi ndalama zokwana €50,000 zomwe zikanakhalanso chikole. Woweruza akhoza kugamula kuti chikole cha katunduyo sichinafunike, chifukwa kubweza ndalama pa akaunti yakubanki kumapereka chitetezo chokwanira.

2.4 Chitetezo: Njira ina m'malo monyamula katundu

Chifukwa chachinayi chimagwira ntchito makamaka pa zopempha ndalama: wogwiridwayo akhoza kuchotsedwa chomangiracho mwa kupereka chitetezo chokwanira cha ndalama zomwe zapemphedwazo.

Kodi chitetezo chokwanira ndi chiyani?

Chitetezo chokwanira chimatanthauza kuti wogwirizanitsayo ali ndi chitsimikizo choti adzabwezeredwa ngati pempho lake lavomerezedwa. Zitsanzo za chitetezo choyenera ndi izi:

• • Ndalama zomwe zasungidwa (kuphatikiza chiwongola dzanja ndi ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito) ku khothi kapena kwa notary
• • Chitsimikizo cha banki
• • Chitsimikizo kuchokera kwa wotsimikizira ngongole
• • Kulonjeza za chikole cha ndalama kapena ndalama zosungidwa

3. Udindo wa Wogwiridwa: Mtolo Wopereka Umboni ndi Kutsimikizira

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakukweza zinthu zomangira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi yakuti womangikayo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wopempha ndi kupereka umboni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi udindo wa womangikayo kupereka mfundo ndi zochitika zomwe zimatsimikizira kukweza zinthuzo, ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zomveka.

Kodi Izi Zikutanthauza Chiyani Mu Machitidwe?

Wogwiridwayo sangakwanire kungotsutsa zomwe akunenazo kapena zomwe zagwiridwazo. Ayenera kupereka zifukwa zenizeni komanso, ngati n'kotheka, umboni. Khoti Lalikulu latsimikizira mfundo imeneyi mobwerezabwereza (onani pakati pa ena ECLI:NL:HR:2015:1074 ndi ECLI:NL:HR:2021:273).

Zitsanzo za umboni wabwino:

• • Potchula cholakwika cha njira: kusonyeza cholakwika chenicheni mu chilolezo kapena chikalata cholumikizira, ponena za nkhani zalamulo zoyenera.
• • Potchula kuti palibe umboni: kupereka umboni wosonyeza kuti zomwe zanenedwazo zakwaniritsidwa, zasungidwa nthawi, kapena kuti sizinali zoona.
• • Potchula zosafunikira: kusonyeza kuti pali njira zina zobwezeretsera, kapena kuti chomangiracho ndi cholemera kwambiri.
• • Popereka chitetezo: kupereka chitsimikizo chomveka bwino chotsimikizira chifukwa chake chitetezochi chili chokwanira

4. Kulinganiza Zokonda: Mtima wa Chisankho

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse ponyamula katundu, kulinganiza zinthu zomwe munthu akufuna kuchita kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Woweruza ayenera kuona ngati chidwi cha munthu amene akufuna kusunga katunduyo chili chachikulu kuposa cha munthu amene akufuna kunyamula katunduyo.

Chidwi cha Chipani Chogwirizana

Munthu amene wagwirizana naye ali ndi chidwi chosunga mgwirizanowo kuti ateteze chitetezo chake kuti apezenso ndalama. Chidwichi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka ngati:

• • Pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti wogwiriridwayo akuyesera kutenga katundu wake kuti abwezeretsedwe.
• • Wogwiridwayo ali ndi zinthu zina zochepa zomwe angathe kuzibweza
• • Pali chiopsezo chakuti katundu wa wogwiridwayo adzatsika mtengo mofulumira.
• • Chikalatacho chikufunikabe kutsimikiziridwa m'milandu yayikulu yomwe ingatenge zaka zambiri

Chidwi cha Wogwirizira

Wogwiridwayo ali ndi chidwi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chogwiridwacho, chifukwa chogwiridwacho chimamulepheretsa pa moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku kapena ntchito zake. Chidwichi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka pamene:

• • Chomangiracho chimaika munthu amene waikidwa m'mavuto aakulu azachuma.
• • Kugwirizana kumeneku kumalepheretsa kapena kupangitsa kuti ntchito za bizinesi zisatheke.
• • Chigwirizanochi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo monga nyumba yokhayo
• • Kugwirizana kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mbiri
• • Mtengo wa katundu womangiriridwawo ndi wosiyana ndi zomwe zanenedwa.

5. Malamulo a Milandu: Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zochokera ku Jurisprudence

Lamuloli limapereka maziko, koma kutanthauzira kwake kumachitika pankhani ya milandu. Pansipa tikambirana mfundo zofunika kwambiri za malamulo zomwe zapangidwa pakapita nthawi.

5.1 Mtundu Wakanthawi wa Chiweruzo

Njira yochotsera mlandu ndi njira yoyambira yothandizira, kapena njira yofulumira. Woweruza sapereka chigamulo chomaliza ngati mlanduwo ulipo - zomwe zimachitika pa milandu yayikulu. Woweruza amangoyang'ana mwachidule ngati mlanduwo ndi wosavomerezeka kotero kuti chomangiracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa.

Mfundo imeneyi yatsimikiziridwa ndi Khoti Loona za Apilo la Arnhem-Leeuwarden pa chigamulo chake cha pa Epulo 23, 2024 (ECLI:NL:GHARL:2024:3510). Khotilo linaganiza kuti pochotsa mlandu, palibe kufufuza kwathunthu pa mlanduwo, koma chigamulo cha kanthawi kochepa chokha ndicho chimaperekedwa ngati mlanduwo uli wopanda maziko.

5.2 Kukana Poyamba Si Malo Okha Okwezera Zinthu

Mfundo yochititsa chidwi komanso yofunikira ndi yakuti kukana pempho poyamba sikupangitsa kuti ufulu wa anthu osunga malamulo uchotsedwe. Izi zinagamulidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu pa chigamulo chake cha pa Epulo 17, 2015 (ECLI:NL:HR:2015:1074).

Bola ngati pali njira yothetsera mlandu (apilo kapena kuletsa) motsutsana ndi kukana, pali kuthekera kuti pempholo lidzaperekedwabe pamlingo wapamwamba. Chomangiracho chimapitirizabe kugwira ntchito yake yoteteza ngati womangirayo atsimikiziridwa kuti ndi wovomerezeka pa apilo kapena pa kuletsa.

Mfundo imeneyi yatsimikiziridwa posachedwapa ndi Khoti Lalikulu la Central Netherlands pa chigamulo chake cha pa 17 September, 2024 (ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2024:4461).

5.3 Kusamala Ngati Mukukayikira Zokhudza Chigamulocho

Ngati woweruza akukayikira ngati zomwe akunenazo ndi zoona - mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakuti onse awiri akupereka mfundo zomveka - ayenera kusamala pochotsa zomwe zaikidwazo. Kusamala kumeneku kumachokera ku ntchito yoteteza zomwe zaikidwazo.

Khoti Lalikulu la ku Rotterdam linapanga mfundo imeneyi momveka bwino mu chigamulo chake cha pa 13 Marichi, 2019 (ECLI:NL:RBROT:2019:1824): ngati palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti zomwe akunenazo n’zosavomerezeka, woweruza ayenera kusamala pochotsa mlanduwo.

6. Zinthu Zokhudza Ndondomeko: Kodi Mumapempha Bwanji Kunyamula Zinthu?

Ngati mukufuna kupempha kuchotsedwa kwa chogwirizira cha malo osungira nyama, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira yoyenera.

Pempho loti mukweze katundu wonyamula ...

Khoti loyenerera: Woweruza milandu woyamba wa khothi lomwe linakhazikitsa lamuloli ndiye woyenera.

Mwachangu: Pazochitika zoyambirira zothandizira, chofunikira ndichakuti pakhale chidwi chofunikira mwachangu. Pakakhala mgwirizano ndi malo osungira nyama, chidwi chofunikirachi nthawi zambiri chimakhalapo.

7. Malangizo Othandiza kwa Omwe Amagwirizana Nawo

Kodi mukuyang'ana kukakamizidwa ku sukulu ya zachikhalidwe ndipo mukuganiza zopempha kunyamula katundu? Ndiye malangizo otsatirawa ndi ofunikira:

Langizo 1: Chitanipo Kanthu Mwachangu, Koma Musafulumire

Kugwira ntchito yosamalira ana kungayambitse mavuto aakulu, kotero n'zomveka kuti muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Koma tengani nthawi yokonzekera bwino chikwama chanu. Pempho losatsimikizika bwino lingakhale lopanda phindu.

Langizo Lachiwiri: Tsimikizani Pempho Lanu Mokwanira

Muli ndi udindo wopempha ndi kupereka umboni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kungonena chabe sikokwanira - muyenera kupanga zomwe mukunena kukhala zomveka ndi mfundo zenizeni ndi umboni weniweni.

Malangizo 3: Pangani Kulinganiza Zokonda Kukhala Koona

Woweruza nthawi zonse amakonza zinthu mogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Thandizani woweruza mwa kupanga izi kukhala zogwirizana ndi umboni wanu. Osangofotokoza kuti zomwe zaikidwazo zimakuwonongerani, komanso fotokozani kuchuluka kwa zomwe zawonongekazo.

Malangizo 4: Ganizirani Chitetezo Ngati Njira Ina

Pa milandu yandalama, kupereka chitetezo kungakhale njira yothandiza. Mukasunga ndalama zomwe zanenedwazo m'manja mwanu kapena kupereka chitsimikizo cha banki, mumachotsa nkhawa yayikulu ya munthu amene wagwira ntchitoyo.

Langizo 5: Pezani Katswiri Ngati Pakufunika

Lamulo lokhudza kupha anthu ndi gawo la zamalamulo lapadera. Ngati zofuna zazikulu zili pachiwopsezo, ndi bwino kupeza loya wodziwa bwino ntchito yokhudza kupha anthu ndi kukakamiza malamulo.

8. Zochitika Zapadera ndi Zosiyana

Kuwonjezera pa malamulo onse a Article 705 DCCP, palinso zochitika zina zapadera pamene malamulo enaake amagwira ntchito.

8.1 Kusudzulana ndi Ubale Wolembetsedwa

Pakakhala chisudzulo kapena kutha kwa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa, malamulo apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mgwirizano wa conservatory. Izi zikupezeka mu Article 770b DCCP.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka mwayi woti katundu wa mnzanuyo akhazikitsidwe panthawi ya chisudzulo, kuti apeze ndalama zolipirira katunduyo.

8.2 Kuphatikizidwa ndi Akuluakulu a Misonkho

Kumangidwa kwa malo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi Oyang'anira Misonkho (monga momwe Tax Collection Act imachitira) kuli ndi zinthu zina zapadera. Oyang'anira Misonkho ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa wobwereketsa wamba ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna chilolezo choyambirira.

Pakuchotsa msonkho, zifukwa zomwezo zalamulo zimagwiranso ntchito, koma woweruza amaganizira za ubwino wa anthu onse wosonkhanitsa msonkho.

Kutsiliza

Kumanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi njira yovomerezeka yotetezera omwe ali ndi ngongole kuti asatayike ndalama, koma zomwe zingakhalenso ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kwa munthu amene katundu wake wamangidwa. Chifukwa chake, wopanga malamulo wapanga njira yolinganiza momwe kumanga nyumbayo kungachotsedwe ngati pali zifukwa zomveka.

Zifukwa zinayi zalamulo - cholakwika cha ndondomeko, kusagwira ntchito kwa zomwe zanenedwa, kusafunikira kwa zomwe zalembedwa, ndi kupereka chitetezo - zimapatsa anthu omwe agwidwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera ku zomwe zalembedwa molakwika kapena mopanda tsankho.

Nthawi yomweyo, malire si otsika. Wogwiridwayo ali ndi udindo wopereka umboni, ndipo woweruza amangoyang'ana mwachidule ngati zomwe akunenazo ndi zosavomerezeka kapena zomwe zagwiridwazo sizili zofunika. Ngati pali kukayikira, nthawi zambiri zomwe zagwiridwazo zimasungidwa, chifukwa ziyenera kukhalabe ndi ntchito yake yoteteza mpaka milandu yayikulu itatha.

Kulinganiza zofuna ndikofunika kwambiri pa njira iliyonse yochotsera katundu. Woweruza amayesa chidwi cha munthu amene wagwira ntchitoyo pa chitetezo kuti abwezeredwe ndalama poyerekeza ndi chidwi cha munthu amene wagwira ntchitoyo pa kutaya katundu wake.

Malamulo a milandu afotokozanso momveka bwino zifukwa zalamulo. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri ndi momwe chigamulochi chimakhalira pakapita nthawi, lamulo lakuti kukana koyamba sikubweretsa kuchotsedwa, kusamala ngati pali kukayikira za zomwe zanenedwazo, komanso kufunika kowonjezereka kwa kufanana ndi kugwira ntchito bwino.

Mwa kuchita, izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene akufuna kupempha kuti mlandu wake uchotsedwe ayenera kukonzekera bwino nkhani yake. Pempho lotsimikizika, loperekedwa ndi mfundo zenizeni ndi umboni, komanso loyang'aniridwa bwino pa kulinganiza zinthu, limakhala ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopambana.

Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza kuyika zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale kapena mukuganiza zopempha kunyamula katundu?

Kenako funsani loya wodziwa bwino ntchito za malamulo ogwirizana ndi malamulo. Kusanthula koyamba kwa malamulo kungakuthandizeni kudziwa udindo wanu ndikusankha njira yabwino kwambiri.

Zothandizira

Malamulo

• • Nkhani 705 ya Malamulo a Milandu ya Anthu ku Dutch – Kuchotsa zomangira za malo osungirako zinthu zakale
• • Nkhani 770b ya Malamulo a Milandu ya Anthu ku Dutch – Kugwirizana ndi anthu osudzulana

Lamulo la Mlandu

• • Khoti Lalikulu pa Epulo 17, 2015, ECLI:NL:HR:2015:1074
• • Khoti Lalikulu pa 26 February, 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:273
• • Khothi la Apilo Arnhem-Leeuwarden April 23, 2024, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2024:3510
• • Khoti Lachigawo ku Central Netherlands pa 17 Seputembala, 2024, ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2024:4461
• • Khothi Lachigawo Zeeland-West-Brabant Disembala 21, 2020, ECLI:NL:RBZWB:2020:6455
• • Khoti la Chigawo ku Rotterdam pa 13 Machi, 2019, ECLI:NL:RBROT:2019:1824