"Woonscheiding" (kukhala padera limodzi) ndi mkhalidwe umene okwatirana akale amapitiriza kukhala m'nyumba imodzi pambuyo poti chibwenzi chawo chatha, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma kapena msika wovuta wa nyumba. Ngakhale vuto la nyumba likupangitsa izi kukhala zofunika kwambiri, ndi vuto lalamulo lomwe limafuna mgwirizano wolondola kuti apewe kukwera kwachuma.
Popanda dongosolo lolimba, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chotaya ufulu wanu wopeza ndalama zothandizira banja, kukumana ndi ngongole zosayembekezereka, kapena kukhala ndi mikangano ya tsiku ndi tsiku yokhudza zachinsinsi. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za mavuto asanu akuluakulu opitiliza kukhala limodzi mutapatukana ndikupereka mndandanda wokhazikika wa mgwirizano wanu wokhazikika (wogwirizana).
1. Malo Achinsinsi ndi Malo Okhala: Kodi Mungapewe Bwanji Mikangano?
Pansi pa Dutch chilamulo, onse awiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito nyumba yogawana (Art. 1:87 Dutch Civil Code/BW), mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani amalipira ngongole ya nyumba. Poyambira mwalamulo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mikangano: "Ndi nyumba yanganso, kotero ndimatha kulowa m'chipinda chogona nthawi iliyonse ndikafuna."
Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kupanga mapangano enieni mu pangano lanu la chisudzulo kapena dongosolo la kanthawi lokhalira limodzi. Fotokozani bwino lomwe amene amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zomwe ndi zokha (monga, mnzanu A amalandira chipinda chachikulu chogona, mnzanu B amalandira chipinda cha alendo) ndikukhazikitsa malamulo a malo ogawana monga khitchini ndi bafa.
Chitsanzo chothandiza:
Vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambitsa mikangano ndi kubweretsa mnzanu watsopano kunyumba. Popanda mgwirizano, simungathe kuletsa mwalamulo wakale wanu kulandira alendo. Komabe, ngati vutoli silingatheke—monga chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa kapena mikangano yankhanza—mutha kupempha kukhothi kuti lipereke chigamulo choyambirira (voorlopige voorziening) motsatira Art. 822 ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv). Woweruzayo akhoza kulola mnzanu mmodzi kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo mwapadera, kukakamiza winayo kuti achoke.
Malangizo: Pangani ndondomeko ya sabata iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito malo ogawana. Mwachitsanzo: Mnzanu A amagwiritsa ntchito khitchini kuyambira 17:00 mpaka 18:30, Mnzanu B amagwiritsa ntchito 18:30 mpaka 20:00. Izi zimachepetsa kukhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa komanso kukwiya.
2. Kugawa Ndalama: Ndani Amalipira Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani?
Lingaliro lolakwika lalikulu ndilakuti ngati mutasamukira ku chipinda chaching'ono cha alendo, muyenera kulipira ngongole yochepa ya nyumba. Komabe, mwalamulo, lamulo lalikulu ndilakuti: eni nyumba ogwirizana amakhala ndi udindo wogwirizana komanso payekhapayekha pa ngongole ya nyumba ndi ndalama zina zokhudzana ndi eni nyumba (Art. 3:172 BW).
Monga eni ake ogwirizana (deelgenoten), muyenera kupereka ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito poganizira gawo lanu (nthawi zambiri 50/50). Izi zikugwira ntchito pa:
- Chiwongola dzanja cha ngongole ya nyumba ndi kubweza
- Misonkho ya boma (OZB)
- Inshuwaransi yomanga (opstalverzekering)
- Kukonza kwakukulu
Komabe, ndalama zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito (mphamvu, madzi, zakudya, intaneti) zitha kugawidwa mosiyana kutengera momwe amagwiritsira ntchito.
Table: Kugawa Mtengo Wanthawi Zonse Pa Woonscheiding
| Mtengo Category | Standard Distribution | Chifukwa chiyani? |
|---|---|---|
| Ngongole ya nyumba (chiwongola dzanja + kubweza) | 50/50 | Ngongole/umwini wogwirizana (Art. 3:172 BW) |
| Misonkho ya Municipalities (OZB) | 50/50 | Zogwirizana ndi umwini wa malo |
| Mphamvu ndi Madzi | Kutengera momwe anthu amagwiritsidwira ntchito/kuchuluka kwa anthu | Mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito yosinthasintha |
| Intaneti ndi TV | 50/50 | Malo ogawana (pokhapokha ngati wina sakugwiritsa ntchito) |
| Groceries | Zosiyana kwambiri | Zofunikira potsimikizira kuti mabanja ali osiyana (onani mfundo 3) |
| Inshuwalansi yaumwini | munthu | Udindo wa munthu payekha |
Malangizo: Tsegulani akaunti yatsopano ya banki yakanthawi yogulira ndalama zogulira nyumba. Onse awiri amaika gawo lawo pamwezi, ndipo ndalama zonse zokhazikika zogulira nyumba zimalipidwa kuchokera ku akauntiyi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yomveka bwino yogulira ndalama zina pambuyo pake.
3. Ndalama Zothandizira Anthu Okwatirana: Vuto la Adilesi Yogawana
Ngati mukukhala pa adilesi yomweyo, chilamulo ndipo akuluakulu amisonkho (Belastingdienst) angaganize kuti mukuyendetsabe banja limodzi. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri thandizo la ndalama zothandizira ana.
chenjezo: Ngati mukuona kuti mukuyendetsa banja limodzi, kufunikira kwa thandizo la ndalama zolipirira banja kungaonedwe ngati kulibe kapena kotsika kwambiri, chifukwa mukugawana ndalama.
Malamulo a milandu (Jurisprudence), monga chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu cha ECLI:NL:HR:2012:BU7246, chikusonyeza kuti woweruza milandu amayang'ana momwe zinthu zilili. Kungonena kuti “tasiyana” sikokwanira ngati mukudyabe limodzi, kuchapa zovala, kapena kugawana akaunti ya banki yogulira zakudya.
Kuti muteteze ufulu wanu wopeza thandizo la ndalama zothandizira ana (kapena kuonetsetsa kuti simukulipiritsa ndalama zambiri), muyenera kutsimikizira kuti mabanja anu ali kutali kwambiri, ngakhale kuti muli ndi chitseko chimodzi.
Malangizo: Siyani ntchito zonse zapakhomo nthawi yomweyo. Gulani zinthu zanu, phikani chakudya chanu, ndipo tsukani zovala zanu. Lembani ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
4. Ndalama ndi Mapindu: Chiwopsezo cha BRP
Mwalamulo muli ndi udindo wonena za kusintha kwa moyo wanu ku boma mkati mwa masiku asanu (Art. 2.39 Personal Records Database Act/Wet BRP). Komabe, akuluakulu amisonkho (Belastingdienst) nthawi zambiri amayesa kulembetsa mu BRP. Ngati nonse mwalembetsa pa adilesi imodzi, nthawi zambiri mumaonedwa kuti ndi "ogwirizana nawo" (ogwirizana nawo).
Izi zimakhudza:
- Chilolezo chaumoyo (Zorgtoeslag)
- Ndalama zolipirira lendi (Huurtoeslag)
- Bajeti ya Ana (Budget ya Kindgebonden)
Vutolo:
Ngati Belastingdienst akukuonani ngati ogwirizana nawo chifukwa cha adilesi yomwe mumagawana, ndalama zomwe amapeza zimaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zikutanthauza kuti mumapeza ndalama zambiri pamodzi kuti muyenerere kulandira ndalama zothandizira. Ngati mungazilandire, mudzakhala pachiwopsezo chobwezera ndalama zambiri pambuyo pake, kuphatikizapo chindapusa chomwe chingakupatseni.
Yankho:
Udindo wopereka umboni uli ndi inu. Muyenera kusonyeza kuti ndinu "duurzaam gescheiden" (olekanitsidwa kosatha) mwalamulo komanso m'njira yeniyeni. Umboni wovomerezeka umaphatikizapo:
- Pempho losudzulana lomwe linaperekedwa.
- Pangano la chisudzulo losainidwa lomwe limafotokoza tsiku lopatukana.
- Malipoti a banki osiyana omwe akuwonetsa kugula zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
- Umboni wochokera kwa anansi otsimikizira kuti mukukhala moyo wosiyana.
Malangizo: Sonkhanitsani umboni weniweni wa miyoyo yanu yosiyana kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Sungani buku lolembamo zochitika zanu ndikusunga malisiti omwe amatsimikizira kuti mumayang'anira chuma chanu.
5. Udindo: Ngongole Zidakalipo
Ngakhale mutalekana maganizo, kusokonezeka kwachuma kumakhalabe. Chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri ndi cholowa ndi mavuto angapo (hoofdelijke aansprakelijkheid).
Malingana ngati ngongole ya nyumba ikugwirizana, banki ikhoza kubweza ngongoleyo lonse ngongole kuchokera kwa aliyense wa inu. Ngati wakale wanu wasiya kulipira gawo lake, banki idzabwera kwa inu kuti ikupatseni ndalama zonse.
Komanso, samalani ndi ngongole zatsopano. Kutengera ndi dongosolo lanu la katundu wa m'banja (mgwirizano wa katundu ndi mgwirizano wa ukwati), mungakhalebe ndi mlandu pa ngongole zomwe wakale wanu adachita musanayambe kusudzulana.
chenjezo: Onetsetsani kuti pangano lanu likunena momveka bwino kuti palibe mnzawo amene angalowe m'mapangano atsopano azachuma (ngongole, zolembetsa zodula, makhadi a ngongole) zomwe zingabweretse mavuto kwa mwiniwake popanda chilolezo cholembedwa kuchokera kwa winayo.
6. Pangano: Mfundo 7 Izi Ndi Zofunika Kwambiri
Pangano lokhazikika la chisudzulo silikwanira kwa munthu woonscheidingMukufuna gawo lapadera kapena chowonjezera. Onetsetsani kuti mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri izi zaphatikizidwa:
- Nthawi Yokwanira & Njira Yotulukira: "Tikugwirizana kuti tidzakhala limodzi kwa miyezi yosapitirira 6. Pa [Tsiku], nyumbayo iyenera kugulitsidwa kapena kutengedwa."
- Ndandanda ya Zachinsinsi: Malamulo enieni okhudza amene amagona malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Tsatanetsatane wa Mtengo: Onani tebulo lomwe lili mu gawo 2. Tchulani ndendende yemwe amalipira ndalama zingati za euro.
- Lamulo Logulitsa Kapena Kugula: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati nyumbayo sinagulitsidwe pofika nthawi yomaliza? Kodi mtengo wopempha watsika?
- Alimony Panthawi Yokhala Pamodzi: Fotokozani ngati ndalama zothandizira ana zaperekedwa panthawiyi (nthawi zambiri siziperekedwa, chifukwa ndalama zogulira nyumba zimagawidwa mwachindunji).
- Ngongole Zatsopano: Kuletsa koonekeratu kupanga ngongole zatsopano zolumikizana.
- Zotsatira: Chilango (dwangsom) chifukwa chophwanya mapangano (monga kukana kuchoka pa tsiku lomwe mwagwirizana).
Malangizo: Musalembe izi nokha. "Mgwirizano wa patebulo la kukhitchini" nthawi zambiri sungagwire ntchito mwalamulo. Pezani loya kapena mkhalapakati kuti akhazikitse mfundo izi.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Woonscheiding
Pansipa pali mafunso omwe makasitomala athu amafunsa kwambiri okhudza kukhala limodzi pambuyo pa kulekana.
Kodi anthu omwe kale anali okwatirana angakhale limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji atapatukana?
Palibe nthawi yokwanira yovomerezeka ndi lamulo, koma malinga ndi msonkho ndi malamulo, ndi yoopsa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 6-12, Akuluakulu a Misonkho angakayikire kukhalitsa kwa kulekanitsidwa, zomwe zingakhudze ndalama zothandizira.
Malangizo: Lembetsani nthawiyo mpaka miyezi 12 yokhala ndi tsiku lomaliza lolembedwa.
Kodi ndiyenera kupitiriza kulipira ngongole ya nyumba ngati wakale wanga akupitiriza kukhala m'nyumbamo?
Inde, motsatira Article 3:172 BW, eni nyumba ogwirizana nawo amagawana ndalama zomwe amawononga. Banki imakusungani nonse awiri muli ndi mlandu (hoofdelijk aansprakelijk) mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani amakhala kumeneko.
yankho; Mungagwirizane pa "ndalama zolipirira ogwiritsa ntchito" (gebruiksvergoeding) pomwe wokhala m'nyumba amalipira mnzanu wochokayo ndalama zolipirira theka la nyumba yake yokha.
Kodi ndingakakamize mnzanga wakale kuti achoke m'nyumba panthawi yochita chiwembu?
Kawirikawiri, ayi, pokhapokha mutalandira chilolezo cha khothi. Malinga ndi Article 822 Rv, woweruza akhoza kulola kuti munthu m'modzi yekha agwiritse ntchito nyumbayo ngati zinthu sizingayende bwino (monga chiwawa kapena mkangano waukulu).
Ndondomeko: Izi zimafuna ndondomeko yofupikitsa (kort geding).
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ndalama zomwe ndimalandira (toeslagen) ngati ndikhala ndi adilesi yomweyo ndi yomwe ndinali nayo kale?
Akuluakulu a Misonkho mwina adzakuonani ngati ogwirizana nawo pa phindu (toeslagpartners), zomwe zimaphatikiza ndalama zomwe mumapeza. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa ufulu wanu wolandira ndalama zothandizira kapena zimapangitsa kuti mubwezeretse zomwe mukufuna.
Action: Tumizani pempho kuti muganizidwe kuti “duurzaam gescheiden” nthawi yomweyo ndipo perekani pangano losainidwa ngati umboni.
Kodi ndiyenera kupempha chilolezo kwa wakale wanga kuti ndilandire alendo m'chipinda "changa"?
Mwalamulo, onse ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito katunduyo. Komabe, kuti mupewe kukwera kwa katundu, izi ziyenera kulamulidwa mu pangano lanu.
Malangizo: Lembani dongosolo loti alendo azibwera, ndipo fotokozani nthawi yochezera alendo ndi malamulo a alendo.
Kodi ndingakhale ndi mlandu pa ngongole zatsopano zomwe wakale wanga amapanga panthawi ya chisudzulo?
Ngati mwakwatirana mogwirizana pankhani ya katundu ndipo chisudzulo sichinathe, mwina inde. Ngakhale pa ngongole zapakhomo (monga kukonza nyumba), mungakhale ndi mlandu.
Chitetezo: Phatikizanipo gawo mu pangano lomwe likufuna chilolezo cholembedwa cha ndalama zilizonse zopitilira ndalama zinazake (monga, €500).
Kodi ndingatsimikizire bwanji kwa a Belastingdienst kuti timakhala padera pa adilesi imodzi?
Muyenera kutsimikizira mabanja osiyana. Umboni ukuphatikizapo maakaunti osiyana akubanki, malisiti osiyana ogulira zakudya, malo ogona osiyana, ndi mawu ochokera kwa anthu ena.
Tip: Onetsetsani kuti simukugawana chakudya kapena ntchito zapakhomo.
Kodi pangano lokonzekera ukwati limawononga ndalama zingati?
Woyimira milandu nthawi zambiri amawononga pakati pa €1,000 ndi €2,500, pomwe loya amawononga pakati pa €1,500 ndi €3,500 kutengera zovuta zake.
Ndalama: Kugawana ndalama zimenezi kumathandiza kuti milandu ikhale yokwera mtengo pambuyo pake.
Kodi ndingapeze mnzanu watsopano m'nyumba panthawi yokonza mapulani a ukwati?
Inde mwalamulo, pokhapokha ngati lamulo la khoti kapena pangano likunena zosiyana. Mwachidule, ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chikuchititsa kuti mikangano ikule.
Malangizo: Gwirizanani mu pangano kuti okwatirana atsopano saloledwa kukhala m'nyumba yogawana panthawi yosintha.
Nanga bwanji ngati wakale wanga akana kugwirizana ndi mapangano okhudza woonscheiding?
Ngati kukambirana kwalephera, muli ndi njira zitatu: 1) Kuthetsa mkangano (nthawi zina woweruza amalamula), 2) Kukambirana mwachidule (kort geding) kuti muthetsedwe kwakanthawi, kapena 3) Njira yokhwima ya khothi yogawa milandu komaliza.
Kodi tingagulitse nyumbayo ngati wina wa ife sakufuna kutero panthawi ya woonscheiding?
Inde. Palibe amene angakakamizidwe kukhalabe m'banja limodzi (onverdeeldheid) kwamuyaya (Art. 3:178 BW). Mutha kupempha khothi kuti likupatseni chilolezo chogulitsa nyumbayo kapena chilolezo cholowa m'malo kuti mulandire chopereka chogulitsa.
Ndondomeko: Njirayi imatenga miyezi 6-12.
Kodi zotsatira zake ndi ziti ngati sitilemba mapangano okonza mapulani?
Mumakumana ndi mikangano tsiku ndi tsiku popanda thandizo la khothi, kusamvetsetsana pa malipiro omwe amabweretsa ngongole, kubweza ndalama za msonkho, komanso ndalama zambiri zolipirira khothi kuti muthetse mikangano pambuyo pake.
Kutsiliza
A woonscheiding nthawi zambiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kapena chandalama, koma sichiyenera kukhala mgwirizano wotseguka. Zoopsa zokhudzana ndi udindo, misonkho, ndi thanzi labwino la maganizo ndi zazikulu kwambiri moti sizingathe kuthetsedwa popanda dongosolo.
Onetsetsani kuti mwagwirizana mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri zofunika, kuyambira kugawa ndalama mpaka tsiku lomaliza loti mutuluke. Kodi panopa muli mumkhalidwe womwe mukupitiriza kukhala ndi mnzanu wakale, kapena mukufuna kutero? Musadalire mgwirizano wa pakamwa.
Lumikizanani Law & More Lero tikukonzekera dongosolo lovomerezeka mwalamulo lokhalira limodzi kapena pangano la chisudzulo. Akatswiri athu akutsimikiza kuti mgwirizano wanu wokhala kwakanthawi sukhala vuto losatha.
