Munthu wogawana magawo ochepa mu Dutch BV kapena NV amakhala ndi mavoti ochepera theka, koma malamulo a kampani ku Dutch sateteza udindo umenewo. Nkhani 2:8 ya Civil Code imalimbikitsa kampaniyo ndi aliyense amene akukhudzidwa kuti azichitirana zinthu motsatira malamulo ndi chilungamo, ndipo njira zitatu zalamulo zimapatsa mphamvu udindowo: kuletsa chigamulo, njira yofufuzira pamaso pa Enterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer), ndi malamulo oletsa mikangano (geschillenregeling), omwe mwiniwake wa magawo omwe udindo wake wayamba kulephera angathe kukakamiza ena kuti amugule.
Ambiri amalamulira zisankho za tsiku ndi tsiku: kusankha ndi kuchotsa oyang'anira, kukhazikitsa mfundo zogawa magawo, kupereka magawo atsopano. Chomwe sichingachite ndikugwiritsa ntchito ulamulirowo kuti udzipereke wokha pamtengo wa kampaniyo, ndipo ngati chigamulocho chikasiyana ndi zifukwa zomveka za bizinesi, khothi limatha kulowererapo mosavuta pamikangano ya eni masheya . Njira zalamulo zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa zimayambira pa kalata mpaka pempho lopita ku Enterprise Chamber.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ufulu umene muli nawo monga mwa ufulu wanu, mfundo zomwe ambiri angakulepheretseni mwalamulo, ndi zomwe mungachite ngati zitapitirira pamenepo.
Mudzaphunzira za zida zalamulo zomwe zilipo kwa inu, kuyambira kukambirana ndi kuyimira pakati mpaka milandu yovomerezeka ya khothi. Mudzaonanso momwe mungathanirane ndi kugula katundu mokakamizidwa komanso zochitika zina pamene udindo wanu monga eni masheya ochepa umakhala pansi pa kukakamizidwa.
Kumvetsetsa ufulu wa eni masheya ochepa m'makampani aku Dutch
Ogawana magawo ochepa ku Netherlands ali ndi ndalama zosakwana 50% ya masheya a kampani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azilamulira mwachindunji zisankho zamakampani. Malamulo amakampani aku Netherlands amapereka chitetezo choyambira kudzera mu ufulu wovomerezeka ndi malamulo.
Ogawana ambiri ochepa amalimbitsa udindo wawo kudzera m'mapangano a mgwirizano m'malemba a mgwirizano kapena pangano la ogawana.
Tanthauzo ndi udindo wa eni masheya ochepa
Munthu wogawana magawo ochepa amakhala ndi magawo mu kampani koma alibe ulamuliro waukulu. Mumakhala wogawana magawo ochepa pamene magawo anu akuyimira ndalama zosakwana 50% ya ndalama zonse zomwe muli nazo.
Mphamvu yanu pakampani imadalira kukula kwa chiwongola dzanja chanu. Ngakhale mutha kuvota pamisonkhano ya eni masheya ndikupereka malingaliro anu, mavoti anu okha sangasankhe zisankho zazikulu.
Ambiri mwa eni masheya omwe ali ndi magawo opitilira 50% nthawi zambiri amasankha bungwe la oyang'anira ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka kampaniyo. Kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa eni masheya ambiri ndi ochepa kumabweretsa chiopsezo.
Mukukumana ndi mwayi woti muponderezedwe pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri pa eni masheya komanso pa bolodi. Malamulo aku Dutch amazindikira kusalingana kumeneku ndipo amapereka chitetezo chochepa , ngakhale kuti chitetezo chalamulochi nthawi zambiri sichikwanira chokha.
Mitundu ya kampani yaku Dutch: BV ndi NV
Dziko la Netherlands lili ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamakampani omwe amagawana nawo ochepa kwambiri: BV (besloten vennootschap) ndi NV (naamloze vennootschap).
Kampani ya BV ndi kampani yachinsinsi yokhala ndi udindo wochepa . Ndi kampani yodziwika kwambiri ku Netherlands pamakampani omwe ali ndi anthu payekha.
Masheya mu BV sangagulitsidwe mwaufulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika chilolezo kuti asamutsidwe. NV ndi kampani ya boma yokhala ndi udindo wochepa.
Makampani omwe ali pa mndandanda wa masheya ku Netherlands amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kameneka. Makampani ambiri omwe ali pa mndandanda wa masheya ku Netherlands ali ndi eni masheya kapena gulu la eni masheya omwe ali ndi gawo lolamulira, ndichifukwa chake chitetezo cha anthu ochepa chimafunikanso kwa eni masheya ku NV.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya makampani imayang'aniridwa ndi Buku Lachiwiri la Dutch Civil Code. Ufulu wofanana wa eni masheya umagwiranso ntchito pa bungwe lililonse, ngakhale kuti ma NV amakumana ndi zofunikira zina zoyendetsera malonda a anthu onse.
Ufulu walamulo ndi wa mgwirizano
Ufulu wanu monga eni masheya ochepa umachokera ku magwero awiri: malamulo aku Dutch ndi mapangano a mgwirizano.
Ufulu wovomerezeka ndi lamulo la Dutch ndi monga:
- Ufulu wovota pamisonkhano ya eni masheya
- Ufulu wa chidziwitso kulandira deta ya kampani
- Ufulu wa misonkhano kupezeka ndi kulankhula pamisonkhano yayikulu
- Chitetezo pansi pa nkhani 2:8 ya Civil Code, zomwe zimafuna kuti aliyense amene akugwira ntchito pakampaniyo azichita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi chilungamo
Zocheperako zalamulo izi zimapanga maziko, koma sizimapereka chitetezo chokwanira pamene ambiri mwa eni masheya akuchita zinthu motsutsana ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Ufulu wa mgwirizano umapereka chitetezo champhamvu. Mutha kukambirana mfundo zinazake mu nkhani za mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano wa eni masheya musanayike ndalama.
Malamulo oteteza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo ufulu woletsa zisankho zazikulu, ufulu woletsa kusamutsa magawo, ndi malamulo oletsa kugulitsa. Malamulo a bungweli ndi omwe amalamulira malamulo amkati mwa kampaniyo.
Pangano la eni masheya ndi mgwirizano wachinsinsi pakati pa eni masheya womwe umakhudza ufulu ndi maudindo ena kupatula zomwe zili m'malemba. Zikalata zonse ziwiri zitha kukhala ndi chitetezo chopangidwa mwamakonda chomwe chimapitirira zomwe malamulo aku Dutch amafuna.
Ufulu waukulu ndi chitetezo cha eni masheya ochepa
Ogawana nawo ochepa ku Netherlands ali ndi ufulu wovomerezeka womwe sungachotsedwe ndi mavoti ambiri, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kovota pa zisankho zazikulu, kupeza zambiri za kampani, kulandira magawo ofanana, ndi kusunga gawo lawo la umwini kudzera mu ufulu wokonzekera.
Ufulu wovota ndi malire
Muli ndi ufulu wovota pamsonkhano waukulu wa eni masheya molingana ndi umwini wanu wa masheya. Gawo lililonse nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi voti imodzi, ngakhale kuti zolemba za mgwirizano zingatchule makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a magawo osankhidwa kapena magulu ena a magawo.
Zisankho zina zazikulu zimafuna zambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu ovota. Miyezo yovotera ya anthu ambiri imakutetezani kuti musakhale ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa anthu.
Pa zisankho zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa nkhani ndi chisankho chokhudza kuphatikizana, kuchotsa kapena kuthetsa , Civil Code siimapempha mavoti ambiri kuposa omwe aperekedwa. Kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi zofunikira pakupezekapo zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati nkhanizo zikuziika, kapena ngati pali lamulo linalake, monga momwe zilili ndi chisankho chopatula ufulu woti anthu asamalowe m'malo mwawo womwe watengedwa pamsonkhano pomwe ndalama zochepa kuposa theka la likulu zikuyimiridwa.
Zofunikira pa quarum zimawonjezera chitetezo china. Ngati eni masheya osakwanira apezeka pamsonkhano, zisankho sizingavomerezedwe ngakhale omwe alipo avomereza.
Lamulo la ku Netherlands silikhazikitsa chiwerengero cha anthu onse pamsonkhano waukulu; kaya munthuyo akupempha, komanso pamlingo uti, zimachokera ku zolemba za mgwirizano. Simungachotsedwe pa kuvota pazinthu zomwe zimakhudza onse omwe ali ndi magawo mofanana.
Lamulo limaletsa ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi eni masheya kukusalani ufulu wanu kudzera mu malamulo osakondera.
Ufulu wodziwa zambiri ndi misonkhano
Muli ndi ufulu wolandira ndikuwunikanso zikalata zofunika za kampani. Kampaniyo iyenera kukupatsani maakaunti apachaka , kuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe zili mkati, akaunti yopezera phindu ndi kutayika, ndi zolemba zofotokozera, masiku osachepera asanu ndi atatu msonkhano waukulu wapachaka usanachitike komwe adzalandidwe.
Ufulu wa msonkhano umakupatsirani chidziwitso pasadakhale cha misonkhano yonse ya eni masheya. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi masiku osachepera asanu ndi atatu msonkhano usanachitike wa BV ndi masiku osachepera khumi ndi asanu a NV, ndipo chidziwitsocho chiyenera kufotokoza zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukambidwa.
Mukhoza kuyang'ana kaundula wa kampani nthawi iliyonse, kuwonetsa onse omwe ali ndi magawo ndi zomwe ali nazo. Zolemba za mgwirizano, maakaunti apachaka, ndi zolemba zamisonkhano yayikulu ziyeneranso kupezeka kwa inu mukapempha.
Pa magawo omwe alembedwa , ufulu wodziwa zambiri umapitirira. Makampani aboma akukumana ndi maudindo ena owulula zinthu motsatira malamulo oyang'anira zachuma.
Mukhoza kupempha zambiri zokhudza nkhani iliyonse yomwe ikukambidwa pokhapokha ngati kampaniyo ikusonyeza kuti kuulula nkhaniyo kungawononge kwambiri bizinesi yanu.
Ufulu wa magawo, phindu, ndi kuthetsedwa kwa ndalama
Magawo anu amakupatsirani mwayi wogawana phindu molingana ndi momwe magawo amagawidwira akalengezedwa. Msonkhano waukulu wa omwe ali ndi magawo uyenera kuvomereza malipiro a magawo, ndipo simungachotsedwe kuti mulandire gawo lanu loyenera pokhapokha ngati zolemba za mgwirizano zikupanga magulu osiyanasiyana a magawo okhala ndi ufulu wosiyanasiyana wa magawo.
Kampaniyo singasunge ndalama zogawana mwachisawawa kuti ipindule ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo. Otsogolera ayenera kulungamitsa kusunga phindu kutengera zosowa za bizinesi.
Chilolezo cha eni masheya chikufunika pakupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi phindu. Pankhani yothetsa mgwirizano , muli ndi ufulu wolandira gawo lofanana la katundu aliyense wotsala pambuyo poti obwereketsa alipidwa.
Zolemba za mgwirizano zimatsimikiza momwe magawo amagawidwira pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a magawo. Magawo wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa umwini wanu kumatsimikiza ufulu wanu wopeza ndalama zogulira.
Ufulu wokonzekera ndi kusamutsa
Kampani ikapereka magawo atsopano, muli ndi ufulu wogula magawo ena molingana ndi umwini wanu womwe muli nawo kale. Izi zimaletsa kufalikira kwa magawo anu popanda chilolezo chanu.
Msonkhano waukulu ukhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa ufulu wosankha anthu oti alowe m'malo mwawo, koma kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu zokha ndipo nthawi zambiri umafuna mavoti ambiri a magawo awiri pa atatu. Chigamulocho chiyenera kufotokoza bungwe lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zopereka magawo ndi kuchotsa ufulu wosankha anthu oti alowe m'malo mwawo.
Zoletsa kusamutsa magawo zingagwire ntchito pa magawo anu, makamaka m'makampani achinsinsi. Zolemba za bungwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo zoletsa zomwe zimafuna kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe kapena kupatsa eni masheya omwe alipo kale kukana koyamba.
Malamulo amenewa amateteza onse omwe ali ndi magawo, kuphatikizapo anthu ochepa, ku anthu ena osafunikira omwe angalowe nawo kampaniyo. Pangano la omwe ali ndi magawo likhoza kukhazikitsa ufulu wowonjezera wosamutsa, monga zinthu zomwe zimakulolani kugulitsa limodzi ndi omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri muzochita za anthu ena.
Ma risiti osungidwa amatha kuchepetsa ufulu wovota koma nthawi zambiri amasunga ufulu wazachuma wa magawo ndi ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa potseka bizinesi.
Kupanga zisankho za anthu ambiri komanso momwe zimakhudzira eni masheya ochepa
Ambiri mwa eni masheya ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa zisankho zamakampani kudzera mu ufulu wovota, kusankhidwa kwa mabungwe, komanso kukhudza njira zoyendetsera zinthu. Kulamulira kumeneku kumabweretsa zovuta zomwe zimadza kwa eni masheya ochepa, omwe angakumane ndi kuchepetsedwa, kuchotsedwa pakupanga zisankho, komanso zochita zomwe zimaika patsogolo zofuna za ambiri kuposa ubwino wa anthu onse.
Mphamvu zambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani
Ambiri mwa eni masheya amalamulira zisankho zambiri zamakampani kudzera mu mphamvu zawo zovotera pamisonkhano yayikulu. Amatha kuvomereza kapena kukana zisankho, kusintha zolemba za mgwirizano, ndikusankha mfundo zogawa magawo.
Mu makampani aku Netherlands, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi mphamvu zoika ndi kuchotsa mamembala a bungwe loyang'anira ndi bungwe loyang'anira, zomwe zimawapatsa mphamvu yayikulu pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuyang'anira njira. Bungwe loyang'anira limayankha makamaka kwa iwo omwe angawachotse paudindo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti zisankho za oyang'anira nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zomwe eni ake ambiri amakonda. Mutha kupeza kuti zochita za makampani monga kuphatikizana, kugula, kapena kugulitsa katundu zimapitirira ngakhale anthu ochepa akutsutsa.
Ufulu wolamulira umapitirira kuvota pamisonkhano. Ambiri mwa eni masheya nthawi zambiri amakambirana za makonzedwe apadera omwe amawonjezera udindo wawo.
Izi zitha kuphatikizapo ufulu wokakamiza eni masheya ochepa kugulitsa magawo awo pamene ambiri akukambirana zogulitsa kampani.
Madera omwe anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto la anthu ochepa
Mukukumana ndi zoopsa zingapo monga eni masheya ochepa. Kuletsa kugawa magawo ndi vuto lofala pomwe makampani opindulitsa amakana kugawa kuti asunge ndalama pansi pa ulamuliro wa ambiri.
Malonda a anthu ena angapereke katundu kapena mwayi wa kampani ku mabungwe omwe ali ndi eni ake ambiri pazifukwa zosavomerezeka. Kuchepa kwa magawo kumachitika pamene kampaniyo ikupereka magawo atsopano omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa umwini wanu.
Ambiri angalole kuti nkhani zoterezi ziperekedwe popanda zifukwa zomveka bwino. Kusafanana kwa chidziwitso kumabweretsa mavuto ena.
Ngakhale muli ndi ufulu wokumana ndi akuluakulu aboma komanso mwayi wopeza maakaunti apachaka, ambiri ndi bungwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito komanso zachuma. Zoyipa zomwe anthu ochepa amakumana nazo ndi izi:
- Kuletsedwa kuchita zisankho zosavomerezeka
- Kusankhidwa kwa otsogolera okhulupirika ku zofuna zambiri
- Zochitika zomwe zimapindulitsa ambiri pa ndalama za kampani
- Kulephera kupeza maudindo a oyang'anira kapena oyang'anira
- Kugulitsa mokakamiza kudzera muzinthu zokakamiza
Kuganiza bwino komanso chilungamo
Ulamuliro wa makampani ku Netherlands umafuna kuti magulu onse azichita zinthu motsatira mfundo zomveka bwino komanso zachilungamo ( redelijkheid en billijkheid ). Muyezo walamulo uwu, womwe uli mu Buku Lachiwiri la Dutch Civil Code, umaletsa momwe ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo ndi owongolera angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zawo.
Zochita zomwe zimatsatira zofunikira zalamulo zitha kuswa muyezo uwu ngati zingawononge mopanda nzeru zofuna za anthu ochepa. Khodi ya Dutch Corporate Governance Code imalimbikitsa mfundo izi.
Ngakhale kuti mfundo zake zimakhudza kwambiri makampani omwe atchulidwa, zimakhudza ziyembekezo zazikulu za kayendetsedwe ka makampani. Oyang'anira ali ndi udindo wosamalira kampani yokha, osati kwa eni masheya enaake.
Ayenera kulinganiza zofuna zonse za omwe akukhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo zanu monga eni masheya ochepa. Makhothi amawunika ngati zochita za kampani zikukwaniritsa zoyenera komanso chilungamo pofufuza njira zopangira zisankho, kulungamitsa bizinesi, komanso kufanana kwa zotsatira zake.
Mukhoza kutsutsa zisankho zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi muyezo uwu kudzera mu kafukufuku kapena njira zina zovomerezeka ndi malamulo.
Zigawo zodzitetezera ndi chitetezo cha mapangano
Mukhoza kukambirana zinthu zoteteza m'mapangano a eni masheya kapena zolemba za mgwirizano. Zofunikira pakuvota kwa anthu ambiri zimakakamiza ambiri kuti avomereze pazinthu zinazake monga kusintha kwa zolemba, kugula kwakukulu, kapena mfundo za magawo.
Ufulu wogwirizana ndi tag-along umakulolani kuti mulowe nawo pamene ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi masheya akugulitsa magawo awo, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mumalandira ndalama zofanana. Ufulu woti musamagulitse umakupatsani mwayi woyamba kukana pamene ena omwe ali ndi masheya akufuna kugulitsa.
Izi zimalepheretsa ambiri kuyambitsa anthu ena osafunikira. Nthawi yoziziritsa ikhoza kuchedwetsa zisankho zotsutsana, zomwe zimapatsa nthawi yokambirana kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwalamulo.
Chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka nyumba chilipo pamlingo wa kampani. Maziko oteteza ( stichting administratiekantoor ) akhoza kukhala ndi umwini wovomerezeka pomwe inu mumakhala ndi ufulu wazachuma kudzera mu ndalama zosungidwa.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamaletsa kutenga anthu mwankhanza komanso kangachepetse mphamvu zanu zovotera mwachindunji. Magawo osankhidwa angaperekedwe kwa anthu ochezeka panthawi ya mikangano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu otsutsa asamachite bwino.
Mabungwe osakhazikika amaletsa kusintha kwa owongolera onse nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oyang'anira azipitilizabe kuyang'anira komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zambiri za omwe ali ndi eni ake pakupanga bungwe. Njirazi zimafuna kukonzekera pasadakhale.
Kukambirana nawo pambuyo poti pabuka mikangano kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Mayankho a zamalamulo ndi kuthetsa mikangano ya eni masheya ochepa
Malamulo aku Dutch amapereka njira zingapo zalamulo zotetezera eni masheya ochepa pamene ulamuliro wa ambiri ukukhala wovuta. Dutch Civil Code imakhazikitsa njira zovomerezeka kudzera mu Enterprise Chamber, pomwe njira zina monga kuyimira pakati ndi kuweruza milandu sizimapereka njira zambiri zothetsera mikangano.
Njira zothetsera mikangano
Muli ndi njira zingapo zothetsera mikangano ndi ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi masheya kapena owongolera. Milandu yamakampani kudzera m'makhothi aku Dutch ikadali njira yovomerezeka kwambiri, komwe mungathe kutsutsa zisankho zomwe zingawononge zofuna zanu.
Loya wa kampani angakuthandizeni kuona njira yoyenera vuto lanu. Dutch Civil Code imakulolani kufunafuna njira zothetsera mavuto pamene owongolera kapena ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi masheya akuphwanya maudindo awo.
Mukhoza kupempha kuti oyang'anira omwe akuchita zinthu zosemphana ndi zofuna za kampaniyo achotsedwe ntchito. Muthanso kupempha kuti oyang'anira alandire udindo ngati kusayendetsa bwino ntchito kukubweretsa mavuto azachuma.
Njira zodziwika bwino zothetsera mikangano ndi izi:
- Milandu yokhudza milandu yomwe ili m'khoti la chigawo
- Zochitika zofufuza pamaso pa Bungwe la Makampani
- Misonkhano yokambirana yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi magulu osalowerera ndale
- Kuweruza milandu monga momwe zafotokozedwera m'mapangano a eni masheya
Kusankha kwanu kumadalira kufunika kwachangu, ndalama, ndi ubale womwe mukufuna kukhala nawo ndi ena omwe ali ndi magawo. Mikangano ina imafuna kuti khoti lilowererepo mwachangu, pomwe ina imapindula ndi mgwirizano wokambirana.
Makampani azamalamulo nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti ayambe ndi njira zosavomerezeka bwino asanayambe milandu.
Zochitika zofufuza pamaso pa Bungwe la Makampani
Chipinda cha Makampani (Ondernemingskamer) ndi gawo lapadera la Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo. Mutha kupeleka pempho kumeneko ngati mukukayikira kuti simukuyendetsa bwino ntchito kapena kuti bizinesi yanu ndi yolakwika.
Njira yofufuzirayi ndi yapadera kwa malamulo amakampani aku Netherlands ndipo imapereka zida zamphamvu zofufuzira. Muyenera kuwonetsa "zifukwa zomveka" zokayikira kayendetsedwe koyenera.
Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber likhoza kusankha ofufuza kuti afufuze nkhani za kampaniyo. Ngati ofufuza apeza cholakwika, bungweli likhoza kulamula kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyimitsa otsogolera ntchito, kusankha oyang'anira osakhalitsa, kapena kufunsa kuti achitepo kanthu kena. Zochitika zofufuza zimayenda mofulumira poyerekeza ndi milandu yokhazikika.
Chipanichi chikuzindikira kuti mavuto amakampani nthawi zambiri amafunika kulowererapo mwachangu. Simuyenera kutsimikizira kuwonongeka kwenikweni—kukayikira koyenera pa momwe oyang'anira amachitira ndikokwanira kuyambitsa milandu.
Kuletsa ndi kuyimitsa zisankho
Mukhoza kutsutsa zigamulo za eni masheya zomwe zimaphwanya mfundo za mgwirizano kapena zotsutsana ndi mfundo zomveka bwino komanso zachilungamo. Makhothi aku Dutch akhoza kuletsa zigamulo zomwe sizinavomerezedwe bwino kapena zomwe zimavulaza anthu ochepa mopanda chilungamo.
Malire a nthawi ndi okhwima. Ufulu wofuna kuthetsa mlandu umatha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa tsiku lomwe chigamulocho chinalengezedwa mokwanira, kapena lomwe munamva za icho kapena munadziwitsidwa za icho (art. 2:15 lid 5 BW). Chigamulo chochitidwa mophwanya lamulo lolamulira momwe zigamulo zimachitikira sichingothetsedwa koma sichingathetsedwe (art. 2:14 BW), ndipo kusagwira ntchito sikungathetsedwe ndi malire a nthawi yomweyo.
Mukhoza kupempha kuti chigamulocho chiyimitsidwe pamene milandu ikupitirira. Izi zimalepheretsa kampaniyo kukhazikitsa zisankho zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osatha.
Makhothi amafufuza ngati njira zoyenera zinatsatiridwa komanso ngati chigamulocho chikugwira ntchito moyenera pa bizinesi. Mapangano omwe amapindulitsa ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi masheya pamtengo wanu amafufuzidwa bwino.
Mudzafunika umboni wosonyeza kuti chigamulocho sichinali cholondola kapena kuti sichinali cholondola.
Lamulo la mikangano: kukakamiza ena kuti akugulitseni
Njira yothetsera mavuto yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa ndi lamulo loletsa mikangano (geschillenregeling) m'nkhani 2:335 mpaka 2:343c za Civil Code. Ngati khalidwe la mnzawo m'modzi kapena angapo, kapena la kampani yomweyi, lawononga kwambiri zofuna zanu kotero kuti simungayembekezeredwe kukhalabe ndi shareholder, mutha kunena kuti magawo anu atengedwe. Umenewo ndi pempho lotuluka, uittreding, la nkhani 2:343. Chithunzi chake chowonekera ndi nkhani 2:336, pomwe wogawana nawo omwe akuvulaza zofuna za kampaniyo akhoza kukakamizika kusamutsa magawo ake kwa ena.
Lamuloli linasinthidwa ndi lamulo la WAGEVOE, lomwe likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025. Milandu yokhudza mikangano tsopano imapita mwachindunji ku Enterprise Chamber m'njira yopempha m'malo moyambira kukhothi lachigawo, zomwe zimachotsa gawo la milandu ndi kuchedwa komwe kunapangitsa kuti lamulo lakale likhale losagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chikalata chotuluka tsopano chikhozanso kuperekedwa ku kampani yokha, ndipo chikhoza kuphatikizidwa mumilandu yomweyi ndi chikalata chokhudza kuwonongeka komwe khalidweli layambitsa, komwe kale kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu kachiwiri.
Mtengo umakhazikitsidwa ndi khoti, makamaka potsatira upangiri wa owerengera omwe adasankha, ndipo khotilo likhoza kuyika pambali njira yowerengera mtengo m'nkhani kapena mu mgwirizano wa eni masheya pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito kungapangitse zotsatira zosavomerezeka. Kutuluka pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa ndi khoti, osati pamtengo womwe ambiri akufuna kupereka, ndiye khadi lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe eni masheya ochepa omwe ali ndi.
Udindo wa kuyimira pakati ndi kuweruza milandu
Kuthetsa mikangano ya eni masheya kumapereka njira yachinsinsi yothetsera mikangano ya eni masheya popanda kulowererapo kwa khoti. Mkhalapakati wosalowerera ndale amathandiza magulu onse kupeza mayankho oyenera.
Njira imeneyi imateteza ubale wamalonda ndipo imawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa milandu. Kuweruza milandu kumapereka chigamulo cholimba kunja kwa makhoti achikhalidwe.
Mapangano ambiri a eni masheya amaphatikizapo zigawo zoweruza milandu. Oweruza milandu amasankha mikangano kutengera malamulo omwe agwirizana, ndipo zisankho zawo zimakhala zogwira ntchito ngati zigamulo za khothi.
Njira zina izi zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati mukufuna kupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi kampaniyo. Zimalola njira zothetsera mavuto, kuphatikizapo makonzedwe ogulira kampani pamtengo wabwino pamsika.
Loya wa kampani angathandize kukambirana mfundo zomwe zingateteze zofuna zanu pamene akupewa mikangano yayitali kukhoti.
Kugula, kufinya ndi kutuluka
Ogawana ambiri m'makampani aku Dutch amatha kukakamiza ogawana ochepa kugulitsa magawo awo motsatira malamulo enaake. Lamuloli limapereka chitetezo cha mtengo ndi ufulu wopempha kudzera mu Enterprise Chamber kuti ateteze zofuna za ochepa panthawi yogula mokakamiza.
Njira ndi zofunikira zochotsera mphero
Njira yochepetsera ndalama ku Netherlands imalola ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo kugula magawo anu mokakamiza atakwaniritsa malamulo okhwima a umwini. Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands, wogawana magawo ayenera kulamulira osachepera 95% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa asanayambe njirayi.
Ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo ayenera kutsatira njira zovomerezeka kuti agule magawo awo. Ayenera kulengeza poyera kuti achotsa magawo awo ndikukudziwitsani mwachindunji za cholinga chawo chogula magawo anu.
Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi magawo omwe alembedwa, zofunikira zina zodziwitsira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu ma fayilo a anthu onse. Mumalandira nthawi yoikika kuti muyankhe pempho lochotsedwa.
Gulu logula liyenera kupereka zambiri zokhudza njira yowerengera mtengo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito podziwa mtengo wa masheya. Kufunika kowonekera bwino kumeneku kukutsimikizirani kuti mukumvetsa momwe adawerengera mtengo woperekedwa.
Kuchotsa kampani kumayamba kugwira ntchito ngati eni ake ambiri akwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zalamulo. Komabe, muli ndi ufulu wotsutsa ndondomekoyi ngati njira zoyenera sizinatsatidwe.
Kusatsatira malamulo a ndondomeko kungalepheretse njira yonse yochotsera deta.
Kuyesa mtengo ndi mtengo wolungama pamsika
Kudziwa mtengo wa msika moyenera ndi maziko a njira iliyonse yovomerezeka yogulira magawo . Ogawana ambiri ayenera kupereka mtengo womwe ukuwonetsa mtengo weniweni wachuma wa magawo anu panthawi yochepetsa mtengo.
Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna akatswiri odziyimira pawokha owerengera mtengo kuti ayese mtengo wa magawo nthawi zambiri akamalephera kupeza phindu. Akatswiriwa amaganizira zinthu zingapo kuphatikizapo katundu wa kampani, kuthekera kopeza ndalama, ndi momwe msika ulili.
Pa magawo omwe alembedwa, mitengo yaposachedwa yamalonda nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati maziko owerengera mtengo. Mutha kutsutsa mtengo womwe waperekedwa kudzera mu Enterprise Chamber ngati mukukhulupirira kuti ukuchepetsa mtengo wa magawo anu.
Khotilo lili ndi mphamvu zoika akatswiri ake owerengera mtengo kuti ayang'anenso mtengo wa magawo. Njira imeneyi imateteza ufulu wa eni masheya ochepa mwa kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kuwunika kopanda tsankho.
Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber likhoza kusintha mtengo wogulira katundu kukwera ngati umboni ukusonyeza kuti mtengo woyamba sunali wokwanira. Ndalama zamilandu ndi chiwongola dzanja zitha kuperekedwanso ngati khothi lipeza kuti mtengo woyambawo ndi wotsika kwambiri.
Chitetezo cha anthu ochepa panthawi yogula
Malamulo aku Dutch amapereka chitetezo chochuluka mukakumana ndi kugula katundu mokakamiza. Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber limagwira ntchito ngati malo anu oyambira otsutsa njira zosalungama zochotsera katundu kapena zopereka zosakwanira zolipirira.
Chitetezo chachikulu chimaphatikizapo:
- Ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wowunikira mtengo
- Kupeza zambiri zachuma za kampani
- Udindo walamulo wotsutsa kuphwanya malamulo a ndondomeko
- Khoti lalamula kusintha mitengo ngati pakufunika
Muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mkati mwa nthawi yoikika kuti mugwiritse ntchito ufuluwu. Kulephera kukwaniritsa nthawi yoikika kungawononge mphamvu yanu yotsutsa malamulo ogulira katundu.
Kulemba mauthenga onse ndi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kumalimbitsa udindo wanu pa mkangano uliwonse. Lamulo limafuna kuti munthu amene wagula kampaniyi achite zinthu mwachilungamo panthawi yonseyi.
Sangathe dala kuchepetsa mtengo wa magawo kapena kusunga mfundo zofunika zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa magawo. Kuphwanya malamulo awa a trustee kumakupatsani chifukwa chochitapo kanthu kukhothi kupatula mikangano yokhudza mitengo.
Kuonetsetsa kuti eni ake a masheya ochepa akutetezedwa bwino
Ogawana nawo ochepa ayenera kuteteza zofuna zawo mwa kupanga mapangano okonzedwa bwino, kutenga nawo mbali moyenera mu kayendetsedwe ka makampani , komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pakachitika kuphwanya malamulo.
Kukonza mapangano a eni masheya
Pangano la eni masheya limakhala ngati chitetezo chanu chachikulu ku kuphwanya malamulo a ambiri. Pangano lachinsinsi ili pakati pa eni masheya likhoza kukhazikitsa chitetezo choposa zomwe malamulo a kampani aku Dutch amapereka mwachisawawa.
Pangano lanu liyenera kuphatikizapo ufulu wosankha zomwe zingakupatseni mwayi woyamba wokana pamene ena omwe ali ndi magawo akugulitsa magawo awo. Ufulu wogwirizana umakuthandizani kuti mulowe nawo malonda aliwonse mofanana ndi omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri.
Malamulo oletsa kukwera galimoto amakutetezani kuti musasiyidwe ngati ambiri agulitsa kampaniyo. Ufulu woletsa zisankho zofunika kwambiri ndi chitetezo china chofunikira.
Mungafunike chilolezo cha onse kapena cha anthu ambiri pazochitika monga kusintha mfundo za mgwirizano, kupereka magawo atsopano, kapena kugulitsa katundu waukulu. Phatikizani njira zomveka bwino zothetsera mikangano monga kuyimira pakati kapena kuweruza milandu.
Loya wamakampani wodziwa bwino malamulo amakampani aku Dutch ayenera kulemba kapena kuwunikanso mgwirizano wanu ndi omwe ali ndi magawo. Adzaonetsetsa kuti malamulowa akutsatira zomwe zili mu Buku Lachiwiri la Dutch Civil Code pomwe akukulitsa chitetezo chanu cha mgwirizano.
Panganoli liyenera kulinganiza kusinthasintha ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimalola kampaniyo kugwira ntchito bwino pamene ikuteteza zofuna zanu zazikulu.
Kuchita nawo kayendetsedwe ka makampani ndi kuchita zinthu zolimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu
Kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu mu kayendetsedwe ka makampani kumalimbitsa udindo wanu monga eni masheya ochepa. Muli ndi ufulu wopezeka pamisonkhano yayikulu, kuvota pazokambirana, ndikupempha chidziwitso kuchokera kwa owongolera.
Kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi eni masheya kumabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe muli nazo komanso zolinga zanu. Mutha kupereka malingaliro pamisonkhano yayikulu, kusankha otsogolera ku bungwe loyang'anira, kapena kupanga mgwirizano ndi ena omwe ali ndi masheya ochepa komanso mabungwe osunga ndalama.
Mu BV, eni masheya m'modzi kapena angapo omwe akuyimira osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa angafune kuti msonkhano waukulu uchitike; mu NV malire ake ndi okwera, ndipo omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ndalamazo angapemphe khothi kuti livomerezedwe kuyitanitsa msonkhano woyambirira. Gwiritsani ntchito ufulu wanu wodziwa zambiri nthawi zonse.
Pemphani malipoti azachuma, zolemba za bungwe, ndi mafotokozedwe a zochitika zofunika. Yang'anirani kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo okhudza kayendetsedwe ka makampani, makamaka Dutch Corporate Governance Code yomwe imagogomezera kuwonekera poyera ndi kuyankha mlandu.
Amalonda a mabungwe akuyang'ana kwambiri pa kukhazikika kwa bizinesi komanso machitidwe abwino a bizinesi. Ngati ndi ofunika kwa kampani yanu, funsani mafunso okhudza momwe zinthu zilili, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito (ESG).
Nkhawa zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi eni masheya ena ndipo zimatha kuwonetsa zofooka za ulamuliro zomwe zimakhudza ufulu wa eni masheya ochepa.
Njira zothandiza pakachitika kuphwanya ufulu
Ngati ufulu wa eni masheya anu ukuphwanyidwa, zikalata zomwe zalembedwa nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Lembani masiku, mauthenga, ndi zochita zinazake zomwe zingawononge zofuna zanu.
Sonkhanitsani malipoti azachuma, zolemba zamisonkhano, ndi makalata ndi owongolera kapena ambiri omwe ali ndi eni masheya. Funsani loya wa kampani yemwe wakhala akukumana ndi mikangano ya eni masheya ochepa msanga.
Akhoza kuwona ngati khalidweli likukupatsani chilolezo chotuluka malinga ndi nkhani 2:343 ya Civil Code, ngati mbali inayo ili ndi ufulu wochotsedwa malinga ndi nkhani 2:336, komanso ngati mgwirizano wanu wa eni masheya waswedwa. Loya wanu adzawunikanso njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikizapo ziletso, kugula magawo, kapena njira zothetsa mgwirizano.
Choyamba ganizirani njira yosavomerezeka . Kalata yovomerezeka yochokera kwa loya wanu nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsa kukambirana ndi kuthetsa nkhani popanda milandu kukhoti.
Kuthetsa mkangano kumapereka njira yachinsinsi komanso yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa milandu pomwe mukusunga ubale wamalonda. Ngati njira zosavomerezeka zalephera, mutha kuyika njira yofufuzira ( enquêterecht ) ku Enterprise Chamber.
Njira yovomerezeka yalamulo ya ku Netherlands iyi imafufuza za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu molakwika ndipo imatha kulamula njira zotetezera mwachangu zofuna za eni masheya. Pakuponderezedwa kwakukulu, pempho loti athetsedwe kapena kugula magawo mokakamizidwa motsatira malamulo oyenera a boma.
Lembani ndalama zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe zatayika chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo. Umboni uwu ukuthandizira madandaulo a kuwonongeka ndipo umalimbitsa udindo wanu pakukambirana za kuthetsa mavuto.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Ogawana nawo ochepa ku Netherlands ali ndi ufulu wovomerezeka ndi njira zothetsera mavuto akamakumana ndi zisankho kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri. Malamulo aku Netherlands amapereka chitetezo chalamulo komanso njira zothetsera nkhanza zosalungama m'makampani achinsinsi.
Kodi ndi chitetezo chotani chalamulo chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa omwe ali ndi magawo ochepa m'makampani aku Dutch?
Lamulo la ku Dutch limapereka chitetezo cha magawo angapo kwa eni masheya ochepa. Nkhani 2:8 ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti onse omwe ali mu kampani azichitirana zinthu motsatira malamulo ndi chilungamo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo ayenera kuganizira zofuna za omwe ali ndi magawo ochepa popanga zisankho. Lamuloli limakhazikitsanso zofunikira zinazake pakusintha komwe kumakhudza ufulu wofunikira wa omwe ali ndi magawo.
Kusintha komwe kumalepheretsa ufulu wogwirizana ndi gulu linalake la magawo kumafuna kuvomerezedwa kosiyana ndi omwe ali ndi gululo. Simungakakamizidwa kuchita zinthu motsatira malamulo motsatira Article 2:192 ya Dutch Civil Code.
Ngati muli ndi magawo mu kampani yomwe yalembedwa, pali chitetezo china chomwe chimagwira ntchito. Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna kuti muwulule ubale pakati pa kampaniyo ndi omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri.
Kuwonekera bwino kumeneku kumakuthandizani kuyang'anira kusamvana komwe kungachitike.
Kodi eni masheya ochepa angatsutse bwanji zisankho zomwe ambiri ku Netherlands apanga?
Muli ndi njira zingapo zalamulo potsutsa zisankho za ambiri. Makonzedwe othetsera mikangano omwe ali pansi pa Buku 2, Mutu 8, Gawo 1 la Dutch Civil Code amakulolani kuti mupereke chidziwitso chochotsa ngati ufulu wanu wawonongeka ndipo kupitiriza kukhala wogawana nawo sikulinso koyenera.
Mutha kupempha njira yofunsira ndi Enterprise Chamber ngati mukukhulupirira kuti kampaniyo ikuyendetsedwa molakwika. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza makamaka pamene ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo omwe amagwiranso ntchito ngati owongolera alephera kulekanitsa bwino zofuna zawo ndi zofuna za kampani.
Ngati bungweli likukana kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira, mutha kupempha khothi kuti lilamulire kampaniyo kuti iwulule. Muthanso kutsutsa zisankho zinazake zomwe zimaphwanya muyezo woyenera komanso wolungama womwe wafotokozedwa mu Nkhani 2:8.
Kodi ufulu wotani wa eni masheya ochepa pa nthawi yopereka magawo atsopano ku Netherlands ndi wotani?
Ufulu woti musamagwiritse ntchito ndalama umakutetezani kuti musagwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri pakampani ikapereka magawo atsopano. Pokhapokha ngati zolemba za mgwirizanowu zikunena zosiyana, muli ndi ufulu wogula magawo atsopano molingana ndi masheya anu omwe alipo kale musanaperekedwe kwa ena.
Ogawana nawo ambiri akhoza kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kuperekedwa kwa magawo pamsonkhano waukulu. Komabe, ngati chisankhochi chikuwononga kwambiri zofuna zanu, mutha kuchitsutsa potengera muyezo woyenera komanso wolungama.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamene kuperekedwa kwa magawo kukuwoneka kuti kumachepetsa mphamvu yanu yovotera kapena phindu. Zolemba za bungweli zitha kukhala ndi malamulo ena okhudza njira zoperekera magawo.
Muyenera kuziwerenga mosamala kuti mumvetse ufulu wanu weniweni mu kampani yanu.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe eni ake ochepa angatenge nawo mbali mu kayendetsedwe ka makampani m'makampani aku Dutch?
Muli ndi ufulu wopezeka pamisonkhano yonse ya eni masheya ndikulankhula pamisonkhanoyi. Bungwe liyenera kukupatsani chidziwitso choyenera cha misonkhano yonse ya eni masheya.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu wovota pa nkhani zomwe zabweretsedwa msonkhano waukulu usanachitike. Ngakhale kuti eni masheya ambiri angakuposeni, kutenga nawo mbali kwanu kumapanga mbiri ya udindo wanu.
Zolemba izi zitha kukhala zothandiza ngati pambuyo pake mungafunike kutsutsa zisankho. Muli ndi ufulu wofunsa mafunso ndikupereka nkhawa pamisonkhano.
Oyang'anira ayenera kuyankha mafunso anu, makamaka ngati chidziwitsocho chili chofunikira kuti muvote mwanzeru.
Kodi eni masheya ochepa ku Netherlands angapemphe zambiri za kampani, ndipo pazifukwa ziti?
Muli ndi ufulu wopeza chidziwitso chofunikira kuti muvote bwino pa malingaliro pamisonkhano ya eni masheya. Oyang'anira ayenera kukupatsani chidziwitsochi.
Ngati zomwe zaperekedwa sizikwanira kapena zazifupi kwambiri, mutha kupempha zina zowonjezera. Muyenera kufunsa mafunso enieni ndikulemba zomwe mwapempha.
Ngati oyang'anira akukana kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira popanda zifukwa zomveka, mutha kupempha khothi kuti lilamulire kuulula. Bungwelo likhoza kubisa chidziwitso china ngati kuulula kungawononge kwambiri zofuna za kampaniyo.
Komabe, kusiyana kumeneku ndi kochepa. Bungwe silingakane mfundo chifukwa choti sizili bwino kapena sizingagwire ntchito.
Ufulu wanu wodziwa zambiri umapitirira misonkhano yovomerezeka nthawi zina. Pamene ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi magawo omwe amagwira ntchito ngati owongolera ali ndi udindo wapadera wosamalira inu, ayenera kukhala omasuka kwambiri popereka chidziwitso.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe eni masheya ochepa ayenera kuchita ngati akukayikira kuti makampani ambiri aku Netherlands agwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu zawo pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani yawo?
Yambani ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu wodziwa zambiri. Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zisankho ndi zochita zomwe mukupeza zokhudzana nazo.
Lembani zopempha zanu zonse ndi mayankho omwe mwalandira. Fotokozani nkhawa zanu mwalamulo pamisonkhano yayikulu.
Lembani momveka bwino zomwe mwatsutsa komanso zifukwa zake. Chikalatachi chidzakhala umboni wofunikira ngati mukufuna kuchitapo kanthu pamilandu pambuyo pake.
Ganizirani zoyambitsa njira yofunsira ndi Bungwe la Makampani ngati kusayendetsa bwino kuli koopsa. Njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera makamaka pamene ambiri mwa eni masheya omwe amagwiranso ntchito ngati owongolera alephera kusiyanitsa zofuna zawo ndi zofuna za kampani.
Ngati vutoli limapangitsa kuti kupitiriza kukhala wogawana nawo masheya kukhale kosamveka, mutha kupereka chidziwitso chochotsa bizinesi yanu motsatira dongosolo lothetsera mikangano. Muthanso kupempha upangiri wazamalamulo pankhani zina zothetsera mavuto, monga kutsutsa zisankho zinazake zomwe zimaswa miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo.
