Ufulu wa eni masheya ochepa: njira zomwe mungathanirane ndi ambiri

Monga mwini masheya ochepa mu Dutch BV kapena NV, simungathe kuletsa zisankho zambiri, koma simuli opanda mphamvu. Mutha kuthetsa zisankho chifukwa chophwanya malamulo oyenera komanso chilungamo, funsani Bungwe la Enterprise (Ondernemingskamer) kuti likufunseni, ndipo ngati khalidwe la anzanu omwe ali ndi masheya likupangitsa kuti zikhale zosamveka kukhalabe, nenani kuti magawo anu agulidwa pamtengo womwe khoti lakhazikitsa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ufulu wanu wovomerezeka, malire a mphamvu zambiri ndi njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zilipo, kuyambira pamsonkhano waukulu mpaka ku Bungwe la Makampani. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani buku lathu la malamulo amakampani ku Netherlands la amalonda.

Ndi ufulu uti womwe muli nawo monga shareholder wochepa?

Ufulu wanu woyambira umachokera ku Buku Lachiwiri la Dutch Civil Code (BW) ndi zolemba za mgwirizano. Mgwirizano wa eni masheya ukhoza kuwonjezera pa izi.

• Kuvota ndi kupezekapo: Mukhoza kupezeka pamsonkhano waukulu, kulankhula ndi kuvota molingana ndi magawo anu, pokhapokha ngati magawo anu alibe ufulu wovota malinga ndi zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.
• zindikirani: Msonkhanowo uyenera kuyitanidwa pasadakhale masiku osachepera asanu ndi atatu kuti munthu akhale ndi BV (Nkhani 2:225 BW) ndi masiku osachepera khumi ndi asanu kuti munthu akhale ndi NV (Nkhani 2:115 BW), ndi ndondomeko ya msonkhano.
• Information: Bungweli liyenera kupereka uthenga wonse pamsonkhano waukulu, pokhapokha ngati chidwi cha kampaniyo chikutsutsa izi (Nkhani 2:107(2) ndi 2:217(2) BW).
• Kuitanitsa msonkhano: omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa akhoza kupempha msonkhano ndipo, ngati akana, apemphe chilolezo kukhothi (Nkhani 2:110, 2:111, 2:220 ndi 2:221 BW).
• Ufulu woyambirira: Pankhani ya magawo atsopano muli ndi ufulu wosankha malinga ndi zomwe muli nazo (Nkhani 2:96a ndi 2:206a BW), pokhapokha ngati zili ndi malire kapena zochotsedwa ndi zinthu za BV kapena ndi chigamulo cha bungwe loyenerera.
• Zokhudza: Phindu limagawidwa molingana ndi magawo, pokhapokha ngati zinthuzo zipanga magulu okhala ndi ufulu wosiyana.

Zigamulo zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa nkhani, kuphatikizana ndi kuthetsedwa kwa mgwirizano, zimangofunika mavoti ambiri omwe aperekedwa motsatira lamulo. Mavoti ambiri amagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati nkhani kapena lamulo linalake likufunikira, ndichifukwa chake nkhani zanu ndi mgwirizano wa omwe ali ndi magawo ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi mphamvu ya anthu ambiri imayima pati?

Ambiri ayenera kuchita zinthu motsatira malamulo ndi chilungamo kwa inu ndi kampani (Nkhani 2:8 BW). Chigamulo chomwe chimatsutsana ndi muyezo umenewo chikhoza kuthetsedwa.

Mavuto ambiri ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa magawo popanda kuchotsedwa kwa magawo, kusunga magawo kwa zaka zambiri pomwe ambiri amalipidwa kudzera mu ndalama zoyendetsera, kuchotsa director wa ochepa popanda chifukwa komanso kuchita malonda ndi makampani omwe ali ndi eni masheya ambiri. Sikuti vuto lililonse ndi losaloledwa: khothi limasiya malo oweruza bizinesi. Funso ndilakuti kodi ambiri angafikire bwanji chisankhochi, poganizira zofuna zonse zomwe zikukhudzidwa.

Kodi mungatsutse bwanji chisankho?

Mungathe kupempha khothi kuti lichotse chigamulo chomwe chikusemphana ndi lamulo kapena nkhani zokhudza momwe chinaperekedwera, mwanzeru komanso mwachilungamo, kapena ndi malamulo amkati (Nkhani 2:15 BW). Ufuluwo umatha chaka chimodzi chigamulocho chitalengezedwa mokwanira kapena mutadziwa za icho (Nkhani 2:15(5) BW).

Chigamulo chomwe chikusemphana ndi lamulo kapena nkhani zomwe zili mkati mwake sichigwira ntchito (Nkhani 2:14 BW), ndipo nthawi ya chaka chimodzi sichigwira ntchito. Pa milandu yachangu, mutha kupempha woweruza milandu wothandiza (voorzieningenrechter) kuti ayimitse chigamulocho pamene milandu yothetsa mlandu ikuchitika.

Kodi ndi liti pamene mungafunse mafunso ku Bungwe la Makampani?

Mukhoza kupempha kuti Bungwe la Makampani lichitepo kanthu Amsterdam Khothi Loona za Apilo ngati pali zifukwa zomveka zokayikira mfundo zolondola kapena njira yoyenera yochitira zinthu (Nkhani 2:350 BW). Muyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zili mu Nkhani 2:346 BW, nokha kapena pamodzi ndi ena omwe ali ndi magawo, ndipo choyamba muyenera kuti mwalemba zomwe mukutsutsa ku bungwe ndi bungwe loyang'anira.

Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber likhoza kusankha ofufuza ndipo, nthawi iliyonse, liyenera kulamula njira zofulumira (Article 2:349a BW), monga kuyimitsa director, kusankha director wakanthawi kapena kusamutsa magawo kwa woyang'anira. Ngati kusayendetsa bwino kwatsimikizika, likhoza kulamula njira zomaliza motsatira Article 2:356 BW. Zambiri zokhudza ndondomekoyi m'nkhani yathu yokhudza Enterprise Chamber.

Kodi mungawakakamize ena kugula magawo anu?

Inde, kudzera mu ndondomeko yovomerezeka yothetsa mikangano (geschillenregeling) ya Nkhani 2:335 mpaka 2:343c BW. Ngati khalidwe la mnzanu m'modzi kapena angapo omwe ali ndi magawo likuwononga ufulu wanu kapena zofuna zanu kwambiri kotero kuti simungayembekezeredwe kukhalabe ndi magawo, mutha kunena kuti magawo anu atengedwe (chopempha chotuluka, Nkhani 2:343 BW).

Chosiyana nacho chilipo. Wogawana magawo amene amawononga chidwi cha kampaniyo kwambiri moti kukhala ndi magawo kosalekeza sikungavomerezedwe bwino akhoza kukakamizidwa kusamutsa magawo ake (chopempha chochotsedwa, Nkhani 2:336 BW).

Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025, madandaulo awa amabweretsedwa kudzera mu pempho mwachindunji ku Enterprise Chamber, yomwe imasankha nthawi imodzi (Stb. 2024, 175). Ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito kwa ma BV ndi ma NV onse omwe sanatchulidwe. Khothi limakhazikitsa mtengo, nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa upangiri wochokera kwa katswiri m'modzi kapena angapo omwe limasankha.

Kodi anthu ambiri angakukakamizeni kuti mutuluke?

Wogawana nawo magawo omwe ali ndi 95% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa akhoza kupempha kusamutsa magawo otsalawo (kukanikiza, Nkhani 2:92a ndi 2:201a BW). Chikalatacho chimabweretsedwa ku Enterprise Chamber, yomwe imakhazikitsanso mtengo.

Monga eni masheya ochepa, mutha kunena pamaso pa Enterprise Chamber kuti mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri; khothi likhoza kusankha akatswiri kuti aziona kuti magawowo ndi ofunika. Muthanso kunena kuti pempholi liyenera kukanidwa, mwachitsanzo ngati mungawonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha kusamutsa ngakhale mutalipidwa.

Kodi muyenera kuwona chiyani ngati shareholder wochepa?

• Ndi ufulu uti womwe nkhani ndi mgwirizano wa eni masheya zimakupatsani pamwamba pa lamulo, monga ufulu woletsa kapena mpando wa bungwe.
• Kaya ufulu wanu wosankha zochita sunaphatikizidwe m'nkhani kapena mwa chigamulo.
• Kaya msonkhanowo unayitanidwa bwino ndipo chigamulocho chinatengedwa bwino, komanso nthawi yomwe chaka chimodzi choletsa msonkhanowo chimatha.
• Kaya mukukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kafukufuku, nokha kapena ndi ena, komanso ngati mwatsutsa polemba.
• Kaya khalidwe la ambiri likugwirizana ndi zomwe akunena kuti munthu achoka paudindo malinga ndi Nkhani 2:343 BW.

Kodi muyenera kuwona chiyani ngati muli ndi gawo lalikulu kapena director?

• Kaya chigamulo chilichonse chingakhale cholondola poganizira za kuyenerera ndi chilungamo kwa anthu ochepa.
• Kaya chidziwitso choitanira msonkhano, ndondomeko ya msonkhano ndi kuvota zikugwirizana ndi lamulo ndi mfundo zake.
• Ngati zochitika za anthu ogwirizana zili pa mgwirizano wa msika ndipo zalembedwa bwino.
• Kaya anthu ochepa amalandira chidziwitso chomwe apempha pamsonkhano waukulu.
• Kaya mgwirizano wa eni masheya uli ndi malire ndi gawo loti agule zomwe zimapewa milandu kukhoti.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani monga eni masheya ochepa?

Maloya athu amakampani amaimira anthu ochepa komanso ambiri omwe ali ndi magawo mu ma BV ndi ma NV; onaninso nkhani yathu yokhudza mikangano ya omwe ali ndi magawo.

• Timawunikanso nkhanizo, mgwirizano wa eni masheya ndi chigamulo chomwe mukutsutsa.
• Timalemba zotsutsa zanu ku bungwe, monga momwe zimafunikira musanafufuze.
• Timayamba milandu yothetsa mlandu mkati mwa chaka chimodzi ndipo timapempha kuti tiimitsidwe ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Timapereka pempho lofufuza kapena pempho loti tichoke ku Enterprise Chamber.
• Timakambirana za kugula magawo anu ndi njira yowerengera mtengo ndi ambiri.

Chidule

• Mapangano ambiri amangofuna kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zilipo, kotero nkhani ndi mgwirizano wa omwe ali ndi magawo ndi zomwe zimasankha kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chomwe muli nacho.
• Zosankha zosemphana ndi zomveka komanso zachilungamo zitha kuthetsedwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi (Nkhani 2:15 BW).
• Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber likhoza kulamula kuti pachitike kafukufuku ndi njira zina ngati pali zifukwa zomveka zokayikira mfundo zolondola.
• Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025, zopempha zotuluka ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito zimapita mwachindunji ku Enterprise Chamber, yomwe imakhazikitsa mtengo.
• Wogawana nawo 95% akhoza kukuchotsani, koma pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa ndi Enterprise Chamber.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI