Malamulo aku Dutch kuchotsera ndalama ndi zochitika zachilendo monga mfundo zosiyana zalamulo, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amazisokoneza. Kutsuka ndalama ndi mlandu womwe umaphatikizapo kubisa komwe ndalama zinapezeka molakwika.
Kumbali ina, zochitika zachilendo ndi zochitika zomwe mabungwe azachuma ndi mabungwe ena ayenera kuuza akuluakulu aboma chifukwa zingasonyeze kuswa ndalama kapena kupezera ndalama za zigawenga.
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikwakuti zochitika zachilendo sizimaloledwa mwalamulo, koma zochitika zonse zotsuka ndalama ndi milandu pansi pa lamulo la Dutch. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira ngati mukugwira ntchito mu zachuma, malo, ntchito zamalamulo, kapena gawo lina lililonse lomwe liyenera kutsatira Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wwft).
Kulakwitsa kungayambitse zilango zazikulu, kuphatikizapo chindapusa ndi kuimbidwa mlandu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe malamulo aku Dutch amafotokozera mfundo ziwirizi komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita popereka malipoti. Mudzaphunzira za malamulo omwe amalamulira zonse ziwiri, zofunikira zomwe muyenera kutsatira, komanso zomwe zimachitika ngati simutsatira malamulo.
Kufotokozera Kusambitsa Ndalama ndi Zochitika Zachilendo
Kutsuka ndalama kumaphatikizapo milandu yomwe imabisa ndalama zosaloledwa, pomwe zochitika zachilendo ndi zochitika zachuma zosakhazikika zomwe zingasonyeze kapena sizingasonyeze kulakwa. Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Dutch, malingaliro awa ali ndi zolemera zosiyanasiyana zalamulo ndipo amayambitsa zosiyana. zofunikira kupereka malipoti.
Tanthauzo Lalamulo la Kutsuka Ndalama
Kutsuka ndalama ndi njira yochotsera ndalama upandu wachuma kumene wina amabisa komwe ndalama zomwe zinapezedwa molakwika zinachokera. Ku Netherlands, upanduwu ukugwera pansi pa lamulo la Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wwft).
Lamulo limatanthauzira ngati kusintha kapena kusamutsa katundu podziwa kuti akuchokera ntchito zaupanduMumachita kuyeretsa ndalama mukabisa komwe ndalama zonyansa zimachokera kapena kuthandiza wina kuzibisa.
Upanduwu ukuphatikizapo magawo atatu akuluakulu. Choyamba, zigawenga zimayika ndalama zosaloledwa m'dongosolo lazachuma.
Chachiwiri, amaika ndalamazo m'mapangano ovuta kuti abise komwe zachokera. Chachitatu, amaphatikiza ndalama zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zibwezeretsedwe mu chuma.
Malamulo aku Dutch amaona kutsuka ndalama ngati njira yochotsera ndalama kulakwa kwakukuluMukukumana ndi milandu yaupandu kaya munatsuka ndalama zanu zaupandu kapena munathandiza wina kutsuka zake.
Chomwe Chimapanga Kugulitsa Kwachilendo
Kugulitsa kosazolowereka ndi ntchito iliyonse yazachuma yomwe imasiyana ndi machitidwe abwinobwino kapena machitidwe oyembekezeredwa. Pansi pa Wwft, mabungwe azachuma ayenera kupereka malipoti a zochitikazi ku FIU-Netherlands.
Kugulitsaku sikuyenera kukhala kwaupandu—kungofunika kuwoneka mosiyana ndi momwe kulili kwachizolowezi. Mutha kuyambitsa lipoti la zochitika zachilendo kudzera mu zochita zingapo.
Ndalama zambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ntchito zanu zachizolowezi zimakweza zizindikiro. Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito za akaunti popanda zifukwa zomveka bwino nakonso kumayenerera.
Malonda omwe alibe cholinga chomveka bwino pazachuma kapena zalamulo ali mgululi. Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna kuti mabungwe azisunga malipoti amalonda osazolowereka kwa zaka zisanu.
Mu 2022, FIU-Netherlands idalandira malipoti opitilira 1.8 miliyoni okhudza zochitika zachilendo. Si zochitika zonse zachilendo zomwe zimasonyeza kuswa ndalama kapena upandu wazachuma.
Komabe, ngati ofufuza sangathe kufotokoza bwino zomwe zachitika, zingafunike kufufuza kwina.
Zizindikiro Zolinga ndi Zoganizira
Mabungwe azachuma amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya zizindikiro kuti azindikire mavuto omwe angakhalepo: olondola komanso oganiza bwino. Zizindikiro zolondola ndi zinthu zoyezeka monga kuchuluka kwa malonda, kuchuluka kwa nthawi, kapena nthawi.
Zizindikiro zamaganizo zimaphatikizapo kuweruza kwa akatswiri ngati khalidwe lanu likuwoneka labwinobwino.
Zizindikiro za cholinga zikuphatikizapo:
- Ndalama zogulira zomwe zimaposa malire wamba
- Zochitika zingapo zomwe zili pansi pa malire a malipoti
- Madipoziti andalama okwera kwambiri
- Kusuntha mwachangu kwa ndalama pakati pa maakaunti
Zizindikiro zamaganizo zimaphatikizapo:
- Khalidwe la makasitomala lomwe limawoneka ngati la mantha kapena lozemba
- Zochitika zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi cholinga chanu cha bizinesi
- Kusafuna kupereka zikalata zokhazikika
- Zochita zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumapeza
Bungwe lanu la zachuma limayesa mitundu yonse iwiri ya zizindikiro pamodzi. Amayerekeza zochitika zanu ndi machitidwe anu achizolowezi komanso mbiri yanu ya bizinesi.
Njira yophatikizana iyi imathandiza kuzindikira zochitika zachilendo pamene ikuchepetsa zabwino zabodza zomwe zimawononga zinthu zofufuzira.
Ndondomeko Yamalamulo ku Dutch: Malamulo Ofunika Kwambiri ndi Maulamuliro
Dziko la Netherlands limagwira ntchito motsatira njira ziwiri zomwe zimathetsa kutsuka ndalama kudzera m'malamulo oletsa komanso malamulo okhudza milandu. Wwft imakhazikitsa maudindo opereka malipoti ku mabungwe azachuma, pomwe Dutch Criminal Code imafotokoza kutsuka ndalama ngati mlandu womwe ukuimbidwa mlandu ndi Public Prosecution Service.
Lamulo Loletsa Kusamba Ndalama ndi Kupereka Ndalama Zachigawenga (Kupewa) (Wwft)
Lamulo Lolimbana ndi Kutsuka Ndalama ndi Kuchotsa Zigawenga, lodziwika kuti Wwft (Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorise), linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Ogasiti 2008. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito ngati njira yayikulu yopewera kutsuka ndalama ku Netherlands.
Wwft idasinthidwa mu 2018 ndi 2020 kuti ikwaniritse maudindo ochokera ku malamulo aku Europe. Malinga ndi dongosolo lomwe lilipoli, muyenera kunena za zochitika zachilendo kutengera zizindikiro zenizeni komanso zaumwini ngati mukugwira ntchito ngati bungwe lazachuma ku Netherlands.
Maudindo akuluakulu pansi pa Wwft ndi awa:
- Zofunikira pakuwunika bwino kwa makasitomala
- Kuyang'anira ndi kupereka malipoti okhudza zochitika
- Miyezo yosungira zolemba
- Mapulogalamu owongolera mkati ndi maphunziro
Lamuloli limagwira ntchito m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabanki, makampani a inshuwaransi, maofesi odalirika, ogulitsa nyumba, ndi owerengera ndalama. Kuyambira mu 2027, malamulo atsopano aku Europe adzalowa m'malo mwa magawo ena a Wwft ndi malamulo ogwirizana a EU lonse.
Malamulo a Dutch Criminal Code
The Khodi ya Chilango cha ku Netherlands imakhazikitsa kutsuka ndalama ngati mlandu kudzera mu Nkhani 420bis, 420ter, 420quater, ndi 420bis.1. Malamulowa amafotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutsuka ndalama zomwe otsutsa milandu angagwiritse ntchito kudzera mu dongosolo la malamulo la ku Netherlands.
Kuchotsa ndalama motsatira malamulo a Criminal Code kumaphatikizapo kubisa kapena kubisa chiyambi cha upandu wa katundu. Mutha kuimbidwa mlandu ngati mukubisa, kusamutsa, kusintha, kapena kupeza katundu pamene mukudziwa kuti amachokera ku zochita zaupandu.
Zilango za milandu yokhudza kutsuka ndalama zimasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa mlanduwo. Kutsuka ndalama mosavuta kumakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana ndi milandu yachizolowezi kapena milandu yokhudza ntchito zazikulu.
Udindo wa Akuluakulu Oyang'anira ndi Ofufuza
Akuluakulu angapo aku Dutch amayang'anira malamulo oletsa kutsuka ndalama ndi kukakamiza malamulo. Banki Yaikulu ya ku Dutch (DNB) ndi Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) amayang'anira mabungwe azachuma kuti azitsatira malamulo a Wwft.
Bungwe la Financial Intelligence Unit Netherlands (FIU-NL kapena FIU-Nederland) limalandira malipoti a zochitika zachilendo kuchokera ku mabungwe ndipo amawasanthula kuti adziwe zochitika zokayikitsa. FIU imatsimikiza ngati zochitika zachilendo zomwe zanenedwazo zikuyenerera kukhala zokayikitsa isanatumize milandu kwa apolisi.
Bungwe la Dutch Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie) lili ndi mphamvu zoweruza milandu yokhudza kuphwanya malamulo okhudza ndalama. Bungweli limafufuza milandu yomwe ingachitike ndipo limatengera milandu yaupandu kudzera m'makhothi.
Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2025, bungwe la European Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AMLA) lidzayamba kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a AMLAR. AMLA ipanga malangizo ndi miyezo yaukadaulo yomwe imakhudza momwe akuluakulu aku Dutch amakhazikitsira malamulo oletsa kutsuka ndalama ku EU konse.
Maudindo Okhudza Kupereka Malipoti ndi Kutsatira Malamulo
Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Dutch loletsa kutsuka ndalama, mabungwe azachuma, maloya, akauntanti, notaries, ogulitsa nyumba, ndi ena akatswiri osankhidwa ayenela nenani za zochitika zachilendo ku FIU-NL (Chigawo cha Ukadaulo Wazachuma ku Netherlands).
Maudindo awa okhudza malipoti amagwira ntchito pa zizindikiro zoyenera zomwe zili ndi malire okhazikika komanso zizindikiro zomwe zimadalira malingaliro a akatswiri.
Udindo Wopereka Malipoti Okhudza Zochitika Zachilendo
Mwalamulo muyenera kunena malonda osazolowereka ku FIU-NL mukakumana ndi zochitika zomwe zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zinazake. Udindowu umagwira ntchito ku mabanki, mabungwe azachuma, owerengera ndalama, Oweruza, notaries, ejenti wa malo, owerengera mtengo, ndi ena opereka chithandizo chosankhidwa.
Udindo wopereka malipoti ulipo m'njira ziwiri. Zizindikiro za cholinga zimaphatikizapo zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa zokha zofunikira pakupereka malipoti, monga zochitika zandalama zopitilira €15,000 kapena njira zinazake zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi lamulo.
Zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi vuto zimafuna kuti mugwiritse ntchito nzeru zaukadaulo kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino ya kasitomala kapena zomwe sizili ndi cholinga chomveka bwino pazachuma. Muyenera kunena za zochitikazi mwachangu mukangozindikira.
Lamulo silikulolani kudziwitsa kasitomala kuti mwapereka lipoti, chifukwa izi zitha kusokoneza kafukufuku. Kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo wanu wopereka malipoti kungayambitse chindapusa cha oyang'anira, zilango zaupandu, komanso zotsatirapo zaukadaulo.
Njira Zolembetsera ndi Kupereka Malipoti
Muyenera kulembetsa ku FIU-NL musanatumize malipoti a zochitika zachilendo. Njira yolembetsera imafuna kuti mupereke zambiri zokhudza bungwe lanu ndikusankha anthu ovomerezeka omwe adzapereka malipoti m'malo mwa bungwe lanu.
Malipoti amachitika kudzera pa tsamba la pa intaneti la GOAML, komwe mumapereka zambiri zokhudza zomwe zachitika, anthu omwe akukhudzidwa, ndi zifukwa zokayikitsa. Muyenera kuphatikiza zikalata zonse zofunikira ndikusunga zolemba za malipoti anu kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu.
Masitepe ofunikira pakulemba malipoti:
- Dziwani zomwe zikuchitika mwachilendo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zenizeni kapena zongoganizira
- Sonkhanitsani zikalata zonse kuphatikiza chizindikiritso cha kasitomala ndi tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zachitika
- Tumizani lipotilo kudzera mu GOYAML mkati mwa nthawi yofunikira
- Sungani chinsinsi chokhudza kukhalapo kwa lipotilo
- Sungani zolemba zotetezeka za malipoti onse ndi umboni wotsimikizira
Zizindikiro za Malipoti
Zizindikiro za cholinga ndi malire omveka bwino omwe amafunikira malipoti okha. Izi zikuphatikizapo zochitika zandalama zopitirira €15,000, zochitika zokhudzana ndi madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndi machitidwe enaake monga kukonza zolipira kuti zipewe malire ozindikira.
Zizindikiro zosonyeza momwe zinthu zilili zimadalira kuwunika kwanu kwa akatswiri pa khalidwe lachilendo. Muyenera kunena ngati zochitika zilibe chifukwa chomveka bwino cha zachuma, ngati pali njira zovuta kwambiri, kapena ngati kasitomala wanu akuchita zinthu mosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe amachita nthawi zonse.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za maganizo a munthu ndi izi:
- Makasitomala akukana kupereka chizindikiritso kapena chidziwitso chokhazikika
- Zochitika zosagwirizana ndi ntchito zodziwika bwino za kasitomala
- Zadzidzidzi kapena chinsinsi chokhudza malonda
- Kusintha pafupipafupi kwa malangizo a malonda popanda chifukwa chomveka
Muyenera kuwunika mkhalidwe uliwonse kutengera chidziwitso chanu cha makasitomala ndi machitidwe amakampani. Mukakayikira ngati malonda akukwaniritsa zofunikira pa malipoti, muyenera kusamala ndikupereka lipoti ku FIU-NL.
Kusiyana Kwalamulo Pakati pa Kusambitsa Ndalama ndi Kugulitsa Zinthu Zosazolowereka
Kutsuka ndalama ndi mlandu wokhudza Lamulo la Dutch, pomwe zochitika zachilendo zimayambitsa maudindo opereka malipoti popanda kukhudza machitidwe achiwawa. Kusiyanaku kumayang'ana pa cholinga, kupezeka kwa ndalama zomwe zapezeka chifukwa cha milandu, ndi zotsatirapo zalamulo zomwe zimatsatira.
Kuphwanya malamulo ndi Zilango
Kubera ndalama kumagwera pansi pa Dutch Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht) ndipo kumakhala koopsa. zilango zaupanduMudzaweruzidwa kuti mukhale m'ndende kwa zaka zinayi kapena chindapusa cha €82,000 pa milandu yoyambira.
Pa milandu yoopsa, chilangocho chimawonjezeka kufika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'ndende. Mlanduwu umafuna kuti musinthe, kusamutsa, kapena kubisa ndalama zomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku mlandu uliwonse mwadala.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kubisa mtundu weniweni, komwe kumachokera, kapena umwini wa katundu waupandu. Zochitika zachilendo sizili milandu yaupandu mwa izo zokha.
Amangopatuka pamachitidwe abwinobwino kutengera momwe mumakhalira kapena mbiri yanu yamabizinesi. Mabungwe azachuma akuyenera kufotokozera zamalondawa ku Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-Nederland) pansi pa Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorisme (Wwft).
Zilango zoyang'anira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabungwe alephera kupereka malipoti okhudza zochitika zachilendo moyenera. Zilango izi zimagwera pansi pa dongosolo la Wet op de economische delicten.
Zilango za kusatsatira malamulo zitha kufika pa €5 miliyoni kapena 10% ya ndalama zomwe mabungwe ovomerezeka amapeza pachaka.
Udindo wa Cholinga ndi Kulakwa
Kuchotsa ndalama kumafuna cholinga chaupandu (opzet). Muyenera kudziwa kapena kuvomereza mwadala kuti chumacho chinachokera ku zochita zaupandu.
Popanda vuto la maganizo limeneli, palibe mlandu uliwonse wokhudza kutsuka ndalama womwe ungachitike motsatira malamulo a ku Netherlands. Otsutsa milandu ayenera kutsimikizira kuti mwamvetsa komwe ndalamazo zinachokera.
Cholinga chokhala ndi zofunikira ndi chokwanira - kuvomereza kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti katundu wochokera ku upandu amakwaniritsa malire. Zochitika zachilendo sizimaphatikizapo kufunikira kwa cholinga.
Kugulitsa kumakhala kosazolowereka kokha chifukwa cha makhalidwe enieni omwe amasiyana ndi momwe amayembekezeredwa. Simukuyenera kukhala ndi cholinga kapena chidziwitso chilichonse chaupandu.
Udindo wopereka malipoti ulipo kuti uzindikire kuchotsedwa kwa ndalama, ndalama za zigawenga, kapena milandu ina yazachuma. Komabe, lipoti la zochitika zachilendo silikukuimbani mlandu wochita zolakwa.
Njira Zofufuzira
Kafukufuku wokhudza kutsuka ndalama akuphatikizapo njira zaupandu motsatira malamulo a Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure. Apolisi ndi otsutsa milandu amachita kafukufukuyu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu monga zikalata zofufuzira, kulanda katundu, ndi kufunsa mafunso okayikiridwa.
Kafukufuku nthawi zambiri amayamba pambuyo poti malipoti okayikitsa okhudza zochitika afika ku FIU. Akuluakulu amafufuza ngati umboni ukugwirizana ndi milandu yaupandu komanso ngati angathe kutsimikizira cholinga chake mopanda kukayikira.
Kuwunika kwachilendo kwa zochitika kumatsatira njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Mabungwe azachuma amasanthula momwe zinthu zimachitikira, ntchito za akaunti, ndi mbiri ya bizinesi yanu.
Amayerekeza khalidwe lanu ndi zizindikiro zoopsa komanso mfundo zotsatirira malamulo. Mutha kulumikizidwa kuti mudziwe zambiri kuti mumvetse bwino cholinga cha zachuma cha malonda.
Mafunso awa akufuna kudziwa ngati zinthu zikuyenera kukweza lipoti la zochitika zokayikitsa, lomwe bungweli liyenera kupeleka ku FIU-Nederland.
Zotsatira pa Mabungwe ndi Akatswiri
Lamulo la ku Netherlands loletsa kutsuka ndalama limaika maudindo pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachuma komanso omwe si azachuma, lililonse lili ndi ntchito zake zodziwira ndikupereka malipoti okhudza zochitika zachilendo. Zofunikirazi zimakhudza mabungwe ndi akatswiri pawokha, ndipo udindo umafikira mabungwe amakampani ndi anthu wamba kutengera udindo wawo komanso momwe amatsatira malamulo.
Ndani Ayenera Kutsatira: Kuchuluka kwa Mabungwe Olamulidwa
Lamulo la Dutch Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act (Wwft) limagwira ntchito ku mabungwe azachuma kuphatikizapo mabanki, makampani a inshuwaransi, ndi makampani oyika ndalama. Muyenera kutsatira malamulowa ngati mukugwira ntchito ngati wopereka chithandizo cha zachuma omwe amapereka chithandizo cholipira, kusinthana ndalama, kapena malo obwereketsa.
Ntchito zina zomwe sizili zandalama zili pansi pa dongosolo lomweli. Maloya, olembera, ndi owerengera ndalama ayenera kunena za zochitika zachilendo akamathandiza makasitomala ndi zochitika zachuma kapena katundu.
Othandizira pa nkhani ya nyumba amatsatira malamulo amenewa akagula kapena kugulitsa katundu. Mabungwe ena olamulidwa ndi boma ndi awa:
- Opereka chithandizo cha Trust kupereka ntchito zopanga kapena zoyang'anira kampani
- Opereka chithandizo cha kunyumba amene amapereka ma adilesi a ofesi yolembetsedwa
- Ogulitsa katundu kulandira ndalama zokwana €10,000 kapena kuposerapo
- Okhalira pakati kulimbikitsa makonzedwe amakampani kapena makonzedwe opindulitsa a umwini
Maudindo anu amayamba mukamapereka ntchito mkati mwa Wwft. Mabungwe ovomerezeka ndi anthu achilengedwe omwe amayendetsa mabizinesi awa ali ndi udindo wotsatira malamulo.
Ntchito za Ntchito Zachuma ndi Zosakhala Zachuma
Mabungwe azachuma ayenera kuchita zinthu kusamala kwamakasitomala musanayambe ubale wamalonda. Muyenera kutsimikizira kuti makasitomala ndi eni ake ndi otani, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso cha UBO cha anthu ovomerezeka.
Mabanki ndi opereka chithandizo cha ndalama ena ayenera kuyang'anira zochitika zomwe zikuchitika ndikuwunikira ngati zikuyenerera kukhala zachilendo kutengera zizindikiro zenizeni. Opereka chithandizo cha akatswiri amakumana ndi zofunikira zofanana.
Olemba maakaunti ayenera kusamala kwambiri akamasamutsa katundu kapena kukhazikitsa mabungwe ovomerezeka. Owerengera ndalama ndi maloya amayambitsa milandu yokhudza malipoti akamasamalira ndalama za makasitomala kapena kuthandiza pa zochitika zamakampani.
Ntchito zanu zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuzindikira makasitomala ndi kutsimikizira zikalata zawo zozindikiritsa
- Kusankha umwini wopindulitsa wa anthu ovomerezeka ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka
- Kuwunika machitidwe a malonda motsutsana ndi zizindikiro zachilendo
- Kupereka malipoti a zochitika zachilendo ku FIU-Netherlands mkati mwa nthawi yoikika
- Kusunga zolemba za kusanthula kwa makasitomala ndi kuyang'anira zochitika kwa zaka zisanu
Oyesa mtengo ndi othandizira nyumba ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi pamene ntchito zawo zikuphatikizapo katundu wamtengo wapatali kapena kusamutsa katundu.
Udindo wa Kampani Mosiyana ndi wa Munthu Payekha
Mabungwe ovomerezeka ali ndi udindo waukulu pa kulephera kutsatira malamulo motsatira malamulo aku Dutch. Bungwe lanu lidzalandira chilango cha oyang'anira ngati silikukhazikitsa malamulo oyenera kapena kupereka lipoti la zochitika zachilendo.
Mabungwe azachuma akhoza kulandira chindapusa chofika pa €5 miliyoni kapena 10% ya ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka. Anthu achilengedwe m'mabungwe awa angakumane ndi mavuto udindo wanu.
Oyang'anira ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira malamulo akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu ngati alephera kukwaniritsa zomwe akuyenera kupereka malipoti kapena kutsogolera kuyeretsa ndalama. Mungakhale pachiwopsezo cha mlandu ngati zochita zanu zikuphwanya malamulo mwadala.
Mamembala a bungwe ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu ali ndi udindo woyang'anira. Kulephera kwanu kukhazikitsa mfundo zoyenera kapena kuyang'anira ntchito zotsatizana ndi malamulo zingayambitse zilango zaumwini.
Eni ake opindula ndi anthu ovomerezeka angayang'anitsidwenso ngati mabungwe amakampani akugwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa ndalama zosaloledwa. Opereka chithandizo chaukadaulo amakumana ndi njira zina zolangira kudzera m'mabungwe awo olamulira.
Maloya ndi odziwitsa milandu ali pachiwopsezo choyimitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa m'mabuku a akatswiri chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo akuluakulu.
Kuyang'anira Zoopsa ndi Zofunikira pa Kusamala
Mabungwe azachuma aku Netherlands ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zokhazikika kuti azindikire ndikusamalira zoopsa zotsuka ndalama kudzera mu kufufuza kwa makasitomala ndi kuwunika kosalekeza. Maudindo awa amafuna njira yoganizira zoopsa zomwe zimayesa molingana ndi zoopsa zomwe ubale uliwonse wa kasitomala umabweretsa.
Kusamala kwa Kasitomala ndi Kasitomala
Muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wokhudza makasitomala anu mukakhazikitsa ubale wamabizinesi ndi kasitomala watsopano motsatira malamulo a Dutch AML. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kuti kasitomala wanu ndi ndani pogwiritsa ntchito magwero odalirika komanso odziyimira pawokha.
Kufufuza bwino za makasitomala kumafuna kuti musonkhanitse zambiri zokhudza mtundu ndi cholinga cha ubale wa bizinesi. Muyenera kusonkhanitsa zikalata zozindikiritsa munthu, umboni wa adilesi, ndi tsatanetsatane wa momwe malonda akuyembekezeredwa.
Mlingo wa kufufuza komwe mumagwiritsa ntchito umadalira gulu la zoopsa. Kufufuza koyenera kumakhudza maubwenzi ambiri ndi makasitomala, pomwe kufufuza koyenera kumakhudzanso zochitika zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga kuchita zinthu ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena makasitomala ochokera m'madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Muyenera kubwerezanso izi nthawi ndi nthawi muubwenzi wonse. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi kumadalira zomwe mwakumana nazo. kuwunika kwa chiopsezo ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa momwe kasitomala alili kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Njira Yotengera Zowopsa
Njira yoganizira zoopsa imakulolani kugawa bwino chuma mwa kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zowonjezerera ubale pakati pa zoopsa zazikulu. Muyenera kuzindikira, kuwunika, ndikuyang'anira zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kutsuka ndalama ndi zigawenga zomwe zimagwirizana ndi bungwe lanu.
Kuwunika kwanu zoopsa kuyenera kuganizira zinthu monga bizinesi ya kasitomala, malo ake, momwe zinthu zilili, ndi zinthu kapena ntchito zomwe zikukhudzidwa. Ngati zoopsa zili zambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira bwino komanso zowunikira bwino.
Njira imeneyi imalola njira zosavuta zochepetsera chiopsezo. Komabe, muli ndi udindo wosonyeza kuti kugawa kwanu chiopsezo m'magulu n'koyenera komanso kothandizidwa ndi umboni.
Kuzindikira Eni Abwino
Muyenera kuzindikira ndi kutsimikizira chomaliza mwini zopindulitsa (UBO) ya bungwe lililonse lovomerezeka lomwe mumachita nalo bizinesi. Mwiniwake wopindulitsa ndi munthu aliyense wachibadwa amene pamapeto pake ali ndi kapena amalamulira magawo opitilira 25% kapena ufulu wovota.
Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna kuti mupeze zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe ka umwini ndi njira zowongolera makasitomala amakampani. Muyenera kulemba mndandanda wa umwini womwe umatsogolera kwa anthu enieni omwe amapindula kapena kulamulira bungweli.
Ngati simungathe kuzindikira mwiniwake wopindulitsa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo a umwini, muyenera kuyang'ana kulamulira komwe kumachitika kudzera m'njira zina. Izi zikuphatikizapo kufufuza omwe ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu oyang'anira kapena omwe amalamulira kudzera m'makonzedwe ena.
Zilango, Kukakamiza, ndi Zotsatira Zosatsatira Malamulo
Akuluakulu aku Dutch amapereka zilango zazikulu chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo oletsa kutsuka ndalama, kuyambira zilango zoyang'anira yoperekedwa ndi mabungwe oyang'anira kuti kuzemba mlandu ndi Openbaar Ministerie (Public Prosecution Service). Kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake kumadalira zinthu monga mtundu wa kuphwanya malamulo, kaya kukuphatikizapo kuchita zinthu molakwika mwadala, komanso kuvulaza komwe kungachitike pa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma.
Zilango ndi Zilango Zoyang'anira
Bungwe lanu lingakumane ndi chindapusa chachikulu cha utsogoleri chifukwa cholephera kutsatira malamulo okhudza kutsuka ndalama motsatira malamulo aku Dutch oletsa kutsuka ndalama. Banki ya De Nederlandsche (DNB) ndi akuluakulu ena oyang'anira ali ndi mphamvu zopereka zilango izi popanda kukakamiza milandu.
Zilango zoyang'anira zitha kufika mamiliyoni angapo a mayuro kutengera kuopsa kwa kuphwanya malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kupereka malipoti a zochitika zachilendo kapena zochitika zokayikitsa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chindapusa chomwe chimasonyeza kukula kwa kuphwanya malamulo komanso kukula kwa bungwe lanu.
DNB imaganizira zinthu monga nthawi yomwe simunatsatire malamulo, ngati munachitapo kanthu kuti mukonze zolakwikazo, komanso ngati zinachitikirapo kale. Zolakwa zomwe zimayambitsa chindapusa cha oyang'anira ndi izi:
- Kulephera kupereka malipoti a zochitika zachilendo mkati mwa nthawi yofunikira
- Njira zosakwanira zowunikira makasitomala
- Kusakwanira kwa njira zowongolera zamkati ndi zowunikira
- Kusowa kwa maphunziro oyenera a antchito pankhani yolimbana ndi kusamba ndalama
Ndalama zomwe zimalangidwa nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi ndalama zomwe mumapeza pachaka. DNB ingaperekenso njira zina monga kukufunsani kuti musankhe akuluakulu akunja otsatira malamulo kapena kuletsa zochitika zina zamabizinesi mpaka mutawonetsa kuti mwakonza bwino.
Kuimbidwa mlandu ndi milandu yaupandu
Bungwe la Dutch Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie) limayang'anira milandu ikuluikulu yomwe imafuna kufufuzidwa kwa milandu. milandu yomwe ingakhalepo yaupandu pamene kusatsatira malamulo kumaphatikizapo kuchita zinthu molakwika mwadala, kusazindikira mwadala, kapena kulephera mwadongosolo komwe kumathandizira ntchito zotsuka ndalama.
Milandu ya milandu nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa milandu yokhudza kulephera dala kunena za zochitika zokayikitsa, kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu mu njira zochotsera ndalama, kapena kupereka chidziwitso chabodza kwa akuluakulu aboma. Nduna ya Openbaar ikhoza kutsutsa bungwe lanu komanso owongolera payekhapayekha kapena akuluakulu otsatira malamulo omwe ali ndi udindo.
Zilango zaupandu zikuphatikizapo:
- Kumangidwa kwa anthu osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pa milandu yayikulu
- Zilango zaupandu zamakampani popanda malire okhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo
- Malamulo oletsa bizinesi kukulepheretsani kugwira ntchito mu gawo la zachuma
- Kulanda katundu ndi kulandidwa kwa ndalama zomwe zapezeka
Ozenga milandu amasiyanitsa pakati pa kulephera mosasamala ndi kuphwanya malamulo mwadala. Kusatsatira malamulo mwadala kapena kuyesa kulepheretsa kufufuza kumabweretsa chilango chokhwima kwambiri.
Kugwirizana kwa bungwe lanu panthawi yofufuza kungakhudze zotsatira za chilango.
Malamulo ndi Zitsanzo za Milandu Yaposachedwa ku Netherlands
Makhothi aku Dutch apereka zigamulo zingapo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafotokoza bwino miyezo yokakamiza malamulo ndi zilango. Mu 2023, banki yayikulu yaku Dutch idalandira chindapusa cha €2.6 miliyoni chifukwa cholephera mwadongosolo pofotokoza zochitika zachilendo kwa zaka zambiri.
Khotilo linagogomezera kuti njira zosakwanira zamkati zinali kunyalanyaza kwakukulu komwe kumafuna chilango chachikulu. Mlandu wina waukulu unali wokhudza wopereka chithandizo cha malipiro yemwe anaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cholephera dala kunena za zochitika zoopsa kwambiri.
Nduna ya Openbaar inapeza milandu yokhudza kampaniyo ndi mkulu wake woona za malamulo, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti munthuyo alipire chindapusa cha €1.8 miliyoni komanso chilango choyimitsidwa cha miyezi 18 kundende. Zitsanzo zaposachedwa zikusonyeza kuti makhothi amafufuza ngati mwakhazikitsa njira zoyenera zopezera ndikupereka lipoti la zochitika zachilendo.
Zolemba zanu za kuwunika zoopsa, zolemba zamaphunziro, ndi njira zowunikira zochitika zimakhala umboni wofunikira. Makhothi achepetsa zilango pomwe mabungwe awonetsa kuyesetsa koona kutsatira ngakhale kuti pali zofooka zaukadaulo, pomwe akuika zilango zazikulu pa mabungwe omwe akuwonetsa kunyalanyaza mwadala maudindo.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kutsuka ndalama poyerekeza ndi zochitika zachilendo motsatira lamulo la Dutch
Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malamulo pakati pa kutsuka ndalama ndi zochitika zachilendo ku Netherlands ndi kotani?
Kutsuka ndalama motsatira malamulo aku Dutch kumaphatikizapo zochita mwadala kuti mubise chiyambi cha ndalama. Mumachita izi mukabisa, kusamutsa, kapena kusintha katundu podziwa kuti zimachokera ku zochitika zaupandu. Zochitika zachilendo ndi zochitika zachuma zomwe zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa koma zingakhale ndi zifukwa zomveka. Banki yanu iyenera kunena izi ku Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-Nederland) popanda kutsimikizira cholinga chaupandu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu cholinga ndi umboni. Kutsuka ndalama kumafuna kudziwa ndalama zomwe zapezeka ndi kubisa mwadala. Zochitika zachilendo zimangofuna makhalidwe omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira pansi pa mfundo zenizeni.
Kodi malamulo a ku Dutch amatanthauzira bwanji 'malonda osazolowereka' pankhani ya malamulo azachuma?
Buku la Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorise (Wwft) limafotokoza tanthauzo lomwe muyenera kutsatira. Kugulitsa kosazolowereka ndi kugulitsa kulikonse komwe kumasiyana ndi machitidwe wamba kapena kopanda cholinga chomveka bwino chachuma kapena chalamulo. Malamulo aku Dutch amakhazikitsa zizindikiro zenizeni komanso zaumwini. Zizindikiro za zolinga zimaphatikizapo zochitika zopitilira €15,000 mu ndalama kapena malipiro okonzedwa pansi pa malire a malipoti. Zizindikiro zenizeni zimaphatikizapo kuweruza kwanu kwaukadaulo pankhani ya khalidwe la kasitomala kapena cholinga cha malonda. Muyenera kuganizira mbiri ya kasitomala, zochita za bizinesi, ndi mbiri ya malonda. Kugulitsa kosazolowereka kwa kasitomala m'modzi kungakhale kwachibadwa kwa wina kutengera momwe zinthu zilili.
Kodi mabungwe azachuma ayenera kupereka malipoti otani akazindikira kuchotsedwa kwa ndalama kapena zochitika zachilendo ku Netherlands?
Bungwe lanu liyenera kunena za zochitika zachilendo ku FIU-Nederland nthawi yomweyo. Simukuyenera kufufuza ngati kuyeretsa ndalama kunachitikadi musanapereke lipoti. Wwft ikufuna kuti mupereke malipoti pakompyuta kudzera pa tsamba la FIU-Nederland. Muyenera kulemba zonse zokhudzana ndi malondawo, anthu omwe akukhudzidwa, ndi zifukwa zokayikitsa. Simungadziwitse kasitomala za lipotilo. Kuletsa kumeneku kumateteza kukhulupirika kwa kafukufuku amene angachitike. Bungwe lanu liyenera kusunga zolemba zamkati za malipoti onse kwa zaka zisanu. Pakukayikira kuti kuyeretsa ndalama, muyenera kunena ku FIU-Nederland ndipo mungafunike kupereka malipoti ena kwa apolisi. Muyenera kukhazikitsa njira zowunikira zochitika kuti muzindikire zochitika zokha.
Ndi zilango ziti zomwe zingaperekedwe malinga ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands chifukwa cholephera kutsatira malamulo oletsa kutsuka ndalama?
Zilango zoyang'anira zitha kufika €5 miliyoni kwa mabungwe omwe alephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Wwft. Mudzalandira zilango zazikulu ngati kuphwanya malamulo kumachitika mwadongosolo kapena kuphwanya malamulo kangapo. Antchito paokha akhoza kulandira chindapusa chofika €1 miliyoni chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo. Bungwe lanu lingakumanenso ndi machenjezo a anthu omwe amawononga mbiri ndi chidaliro cha makasitomala. Zilango zaupandu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulephera kukuchitika mwadala kapena mosasamala kwambiri. Mutha kukhala m'ndende mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo mwadala. Bungwe lanu likhoza kutaya zilolezo zofunikira kuti mugwire ntchito mu ntchito zachuma. Banki Yaikulu ya ku Dutch (DNB) ndi Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) amachita kuyang'anira. Oyang'anira awa akhoza kukhazikitsa njira zina kuphatikiza zofunikira zowonjezera zowunikira kapena zoletsa ntchito.
Kodi malamulo aku Dutch amagawa bwanji kuopsa kwa milandu yokhudza kutsuka ndalama, ndipo izi zimakhudza bwanji milandu?
Malamulo a ku Dutch amasiyanitsa pakati pa kutsuka ndalama mosavuta ndi kutsuka ndalama mwachizolowezi kapena mwaukadaulo. Milandu yosavuta motsatira Article 420bis ya Criminal Code imakhala ndi zilango mpaka zaka zinayi. Kutsuka ndalama mwachizolowezi kumaphatikizapo milandu yobwerezabwereza kapena kugwira ntchito ngati gawo la bungwe. Mudzakhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kundende chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo akuluakulu awa. Khothi limaganizira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zikukhudzidwa, nthawi yomwe mukuchita zinthu, komanso udindo wanu mu ndondomekoyi. Kugawidwa kumeneku kumakhudza zisankho za milandu ndi zigamulo. Otsutsa milandu angapereke chigwirizano pa milandu yaying'ono yoyamba. Milandu yayikulu imapitilira kumilandu yonse yaupandu yokhala ndi miyezo yokhwima yotsimikizira. Chilango chanu chimawonjezeka ngati kutsuka ndalama kumaphatikizapo ndalama zauchigawenga kapena upandu wokonzedwa. Khothi likhozanso kuyika kulanda katundu ndi ziletso zaukadaulo.
Kodi mabungwe azachuma aku Dutch ayenera kutsatira njira ziti kuti asiyanitse bwino pakati pa kutsuka ndalama ndi zochitika zachilendo?
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira makasitomala potengera zoopsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutsimikizira kudziwika kwa makasitomala, kumvetsetsa ubale wamalonda, ndikuwunika momwe zinthu zilili muubwenzi wonse. Pulogalamu yanu yotsatirira malamulo iyenera kukhala ndi njira zowunikira zochitika zokha. Machitidwewa amawonetsa zochitika zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zachilendo za zochitika. Kuwunikanso pamanja ndikofunikira pazochitika zovuta. Mukufuna antchito ophunzitsidwa omwe amamvetsetsa zizindikiro zenizeni komanso zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa. Gulu lanu liyenera kuwunika ngati njira zachilendo zikupereka mafotokozedwe osalakwa kapena kuyeretsa ndalama. Lembani njira yanu yopangira zisankho pakuwunika kulikonse. Muyenera kulemba chifukwa chake zochitikazo zidawonedwa ngati zachilendo komanso zambiri zina zomwe mudasonkhanitsa. Maphunziro anthawi zonse a ogwira ntchito amaonetsetsa kuti mukukhalabe ndi chidziwitso chamakono cha mitundu ndi ziyembekezo zamalamulo. Bungwe lanu liyenera kusintha njira pamene FIU-Netherlands ndi oyang'anira akupereka malangizo atsopano.
Kodi malonda achilendo ochitika mwachisawawa ndi osaloledwa?
Ayi. Zochitika zachilendo sizimaloledwa zokha; ndi zochitika zomwe mabungwe azachuma ndi mabungwe ena ayenera kudziwitsa akuluakulu a boma omwe ali pansi pa Wwft chifukwa zingasonyeze kutsuka ndalama kapena kupezera ndalama za zigawenga, pomwe kutsuka ndalama nthawi zonse ndi mlandu pansi pa lamulo la Dutch.
Kodi n’chiyani chingayambitse lipoti la zochitika zachilendo?
Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ndalama zambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ntchito zanu zachizolowezi za bizinesi, kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito za akaunti popanda zifukwa zomveka bwino, ndi zochitika zomwe zilibe cholinga chodziwikiratu cha zachuma kapena zalamulo.
Kodi ndingayang'anizane ndi milandu yokhudza ndalama zotsuka zovala zomwe poyamba sizinali zanga?
Inde. Malamulo aku Dutch amaona kutsuka ndalama ngati mlandu waukulu, ndipo mutha kuimbidwa mlandu waupandu kaya mudatsuka ndalama zanu zaupandu kapena kuthandiza wina kutsuka ndalama zawo.
Ndani ayenera kutsatira malamulo a Wwft pa zochitika zachilendo?
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zachuma, malo, ntchito zamalamulo, kapena gawo lina lililonse lomwe liyenera kutsatira lamulo la Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wwft), chifukwa kuchita zolakwika kungayambitse zilango zazikulu, kuphatikizapo chindapusa ndi kutsutsidwa.
