Njira ya mvv ndi TEV: momwe kulowa ndi kukhala ku Netherlands kumagwirira ntchito

Pafupifupi fomu iliyonse yopempha kuchokera kunja kwa Netherlands imadutsa pachipata chomwecho: chilolezo chokhalamo, chomwe chimadziwika ndi chidule chake cha Chidatchi cha mvv (machtiging tot voorlopig verblijf), chomwe chimapemphedwa kudzera mu njira yolowera ndi kukhalamo, kapena TEV (Toegang en Verblijf). Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe mvv ndi, ndani akufunikira, ndani sakufunikira, momwe njira ya TEV imagwirira ntchito, ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalakwika.

Kodi mvv ndi chiyani, ndipo si chiyani

Visa ya mvv ndi visa yolowera nthawi yayitali. Ndi chikwangwani cha visa cha mtundu wa D chomwe chimayikidwa mu pasipoti yanu ndi kazembe wa ku Netherlands kapena kazembe, ndipo chilipo pa cholinga chimodzi: kukulolani kuyenda movomerezeka kupita ku Netherlands kuti mukakhale ku Netherlands kwa masiku opitilira 90. Bungwe la Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti ndi visa yolowera yomwe cholinga chake ndi anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ku Netherlands kwa masiku opitilira 90.

Mvv si chilolezo chokhala m'nyumba. Sichikupatsani ufulu wokhala, kugwira ntchito kapena kuphunzira kuno. Ufulu umenewo umachokera ku chilolezo chokhala m'nyumba, chomwe chimaperekedwa mu chisankho chomwecho ndipo chimaperekedwa ngati chikalata chokhalamo chapulasitiki mukafika. Mvv ndiye kiyi yomwe imatsegula chitseko; chilolezo chokhala m'nyumba ndi chomwe chimakulolani kukhala m'chipindamo.

Visa ya mvv si visa ya Schengen yokhala nthawi yochepa. Visa ya nthawi yochepa imalola masiku 90 pa masiku 180 aliwonse oyendera alendo, maulendo a mabanja kapena bizinesi, ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, visa ya mvv ndi visa yolowera maulendo angapo yovomerezeka kudera lonse la Schengen, kotero mutha kupita ku Netherlands kudzera kudziko lina la Schengen ndipo, ngakhale ikadali yovomerezeka, lowani kangapo.

Malinga ndi malamulo, kusakhalapo kwa mvv yovomerezeka ndi chifukwa chomwe chilolezo chokhalamo nthawi zonse kwa nthawi yokhazikika chingakanidwe (Nkhani 16 Vreemdelingenwet 2000). Kukhululukidwako kwafotokozedwa mu Nkhani 17 Vreemdelingenwet 2000 ndipo kwafotokozedwa mu Nkhani 3.71 Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000, yomwe ilinso ndi gawo lovuta lolola kuti lamuloli lichotsedwe pomwe kuligwiritsa ntchito kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.

Ndani akufuna mvv ndipo ndani sakufuna

Choyamba, chofunikacho chimadalira dziko lanu, kenako mkhalidwe wanu. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa magulu akuluakulu.

Kupatula dziko lina, palinso zinthu zina zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika: okhala ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka chokhala ku Netherlands chopempha kusintha ntchito kuchokera mkati mwa Netherlands, ana ena aang'ono, ndi ofunsira omwe ali ndi gawo la zovuta. Anthu aku Turkey ali ndi udindo wapadera chifukwa cha zomwe zayimitsidwa mu Pangano la EEC-Turkey Association.

Kusaloledwa kulowa mu mvv sikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuchita zinthu zina zofunika. Munthu wa ku America kapena UK ayenerabe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za ndalama, ubale kapena ntchito; amangopempha chilolezo chokhala yekha, popanda mvv, ndipo akhoza kupita ku Netherlands chisankho chisanachitike.

Ndondomeko ya TEV ndi udindo wa wothandizira

TEV imayimira kulowa ndi kukhala. Ndi njira imodzi yomwe mvv ndi chilolezo chokhalamo zimapemphedwa pamodzi ndikusankhidwa pa chisankho chimodzi. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri: simuyenera kulembetsa kaye mvv ndi chilolezo chokhalamo pambuyo pake. IND imayesa zofunikira za chilolezo chokhalamo, ndipo ngati zakwaniritsidwa, imapereka chisankho chabwino chololeza ambassy kuyika chizindikiro cha mvv.

Fomu yofunsira nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ku Netherlands ndi wothandizira ( woyimira ), osati ndi wopemphayo kunja. Amene angakhale wothandizira amadalira cholinga chokhala:

• Milandu ya mabanja ndi abwenzi: wachibale kapena mnzanu ku Netherlands, yemwe ayenera kukhala ndi nzika yaku Netherlands kapena chilolezo chovomerezeka chokhala ku Netherlands. Mitundu ina ya zilolezo sizingapereke chithandizo konse, kuphatikizapo a au pair, tchuthi chogwira ntchito, kusinthana chikhalidwe, luso la ntchito, ntchito yanyengo, kuyenda panyanja, ndi kukhala pansi pa Pangano la Zamalonda ndi Mgwirizano la EU-UK.
• Milandu ya ntchito: olemba ntchito, zomwe kwa odziwa bwino ntchito osamukasamuka ndi mapulojekiti ena angapo ayenera kukhala othandizira odziwika bwino (referend) adavomerezedwa ku kaundula wa boma wa IND.
• Phunziro: sukulu, yomwe iyeneranso kukhala wothandizira wodziwika bwino.

Wothandizira amene ali ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa nzika ayenera kukhala atakhala ku Netherlands kwa chaka chimodzi ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka chokhalamo asanabweretse mnzake, pokhapokha ngati zofuna za ana aang'ono zikugwirizana ndi zomwezo.

Ngati palibe wothandizira, wopemphayo akhoza kutumiza fomuyo yekha ku ofesi ya kazembe wa ku Netherlands kapena konsati kudziko lomwe amakhala kapena komwe adachokera. Njirayi ndi yocheperako, chifukwa fayiloyo imapita ku IND kuti ikawunikidwe.

Kusiyana ndi fomu yofunsira popanda mvv n'kosavuta. Wofunsira wosaloledwa kulowa mu mvv amapita ku Netherlands kaye ndipo amafunsira pano; palibe gawo la kazembe komanso nthawi yoyendera yoti ayendetse.

Zikalata, kuvomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi kumasuliridwa

Kuchedwa kwambiri kwa milandu ya TEV kumakhala kolembedwa, osati kotsimikizika. Zikalata za boma lakunja nthawi zambiri ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi boma la IND kapena boma la Dutch lisanavomereze. Pali njira zitatu:

• Apostille kwa zikalata zochokera ku mayiko omwe adagwirizana ndi Msonkhano wa Hague Apostille wa 1961: satifiketi imodzi yochokera kwa akuluakulu oyenerera m'boma lomwe likupereka chikalatacho.
• Kuvomerezeka kwathunthu kwa mayiko omwe ali kunja kwa Msonkhano: unyolo womwe umayenda kudzera m'maboma a boma lomwe likupereka, unduna wake wa zakunja, ndipo pomaliza ofesi ya kazembe wa ku Netherlands.
• wosamasula pomwe pangano limachotsa lamuloli, makamaka pa zikalata zambiri za anthu onse zomwe zimafalitsidwa mu EU, komanso pa zikalata zochokera ku Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba ndi Sint Eustatius, zomwe zimavomerezedwa ku Netherlands popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi boma.

Zikalata zolembedwa m'chinenero china kupatula Chidatchi, Chifalansa, Chijeremani kapena Chingerezi ziyenera kumasuliridwa mu chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zinayizo, ndipo kumasulirako kuyenera kupangidwa ndi womasulira amene walumbira pamaso pa khoti la Chidatchi.

Zikalata za boma zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndi ziphaso zobadwa, ziphaso za ukwati kapena mgwirizano, ndi ziphaso za kusakwatira kapena zosalepheretsa ukwati. Mavuto obwerezabwereza: chiphaso chobadwa chomwe changotengedwa kumene osati chiphaso cha nthawi yayitali; chiphaso cha ukwati chovomerezeka koma chosamasuliridwa; ziphaso zochokera kumayiko omwe akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kwina, komwe mishoni ya ku Netherlands imafufuza zomwe zili mkati komanso mawonekedwe ndipo fayiloyo imatha kuyima kwa miyezi ingapo. Mayiko omwewo ndi dzina lomwe limasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kotero khazikitsani malo a dziko lomwe likukambidwa ndi mishoni ya ku Netherlands yomwe idzayang'anira ziphasozo, kumayambiriro kwa fayilo osati nthawi yomwe pempho layima. Yambani kusonkhanitsa ziphasozi musanachite china chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa chisankho cha IND chokha.

Kufufuza koyambira kwa mgwirizano wa nzika zakunja

Pakusamuka kwa mabanja, mnzanu kapena wachibale wakunja ayenera kupasa mayeso oyambira ophatikizana ndi nzika ( basusexamen inburgering buitenland ) asanaperekedwe mvv. Chofunikira ndi kuchotsedwa kwake zafotokozedwa mu Article 3.71a Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000.

Kufufuzaku kumachitika ku ofesi ya kazembe wa ku Netherlands kapena konsolo ndipo kuli ndi magawo atatu: kuwerenga, kulankhula ndi kudziwa za anthu aku Dutch, zomwe zimafufuzidwa pamlingo wa A1 (Nkhani 3.98a Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000). Ndalama zimaperekedwa pa gawo lililonse ndipo zimalipidwanso ngati gawo lina labwezeretsedwanso; ndalamazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a unduna ndipo zimafalitsidwa patsamba lawebusayiti la ntchito ya ku Netherlands yomwe imayang'anira mayesowo. Gawo lina likhoza kupangidwanso lokha: palibe chifukwa choti zonse zitatuzi zipatsidwe nthawi imodzi (Nkhani 3.98d Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000).

Zokhululukidwa zazikulu ndi izi:

• nzika za mayiko a EU, EEA ndi Switzerland, komanso mayiko omwe alibe ufulu wolowa nawo mvv omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa;
• Nzika za ku Turkey, potengera zomwe zalembedwa pa mgwirizano wa Association Agreement;
• achibale a anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yawo yosamukira kumayiko ena, omwe ali ndi ma card a EU Blue Card, ofufuza, anthu omwe amasamutsidwa m'makampani osiyanasiyana komanso ophunzira, chifukwa izi sizimaonedwa ngati kusamuka kwa mabanja wamba;
• ofunsira omwe ali ndi diploma yoyenerera ya Chidatchi kapena chiyeneretso chofanana;
• ofunsira omwe sangathe kulemba mayeso pazifukwa zachipatala kapena zamaganizo, kapena omwe kukonzekera kwawo sikungatheke ngakhale atayesetsa kwambiri.

Musaganize kuti simukuyenera kulandira chilolezo. Wopemphayo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wopereka umboni, ndipo kuchotsedwa kolakwika kumabweretsa kukana m'malo mopempha kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Nthawi zochitira zisankho, nthawi yokhazikika komanso kuchedwa

Nthawi yomaliza yosankha pempho la chilolezo chokhalamo nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo pempho la TEV, ndi masiku 90 (Nkhani 25 Vreemdelingenwet 2000). IND nthawi zambiri imasankha mwachangu pamilandu yodziwika bwino komanso pang'onopang'ono pamilandu yabanja. Nthawiyi imatha kuwonjezeredwa mwalamulo, nthawi zambiri ngati kufufuza kwina kukufunika kunja kapena ngati wopemphayo akupemphedwa kuti apereke zikalata zomwe zikusowa. Pankhaniyi, nthawiyo imayimitsidwa kwa nthawi yomwe yaloledwa kuyankha, ndichifukwa chake fayilo yosakwanira imakhala yokwera mtengo panthawi yake ngakhale ikatha.

Ngati nthawi yoikika ikadutsa popanda chisankho, njira yake ndi kutumiza chidziwitso cholembedwa cha kusachita bwino ( ingebrekestelling ), kupatsa IND milungu iwiri ina kuti isankhe. Ngati sichikadasankhabe, apilo yolephera kusankha ikhoza kuperekedwa ku khothi lachigawo (Nkhani 6:12 Algemene wet bestuursrecht), yomwe ikhoza kulamula chisankho mkati mwa nthawi yoikika ndikuphatikiza chilango cha kusatsatira malamulo. Palibe malipiro a chilango cha utsogoleri omwe amawonjezeka pamwamba pa zimenezo. Wet herziening regels niet tijdig beslissen in vreemdelingenzaken, yomwe ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 15 Epulo 2025, idachotsa malipiro a chilango cha utsogoleri pazisankho zochedwa m'milandu yonse pansi pa Vreemdelingenwet 2000, osati pamilandu yopezera chitetezo chokha, komanso kubwezeretsa apilo yolephera kusankha. Chifukwa chake chilango chomwe khothi limapereka ndicho chokhacho chomwe chatsala.

chindapusa

Ndalama ( leges ) imalipidwa pa fomu iliyonse yofunsira. Ndalamazo zimadalira cholinga chokhala, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa zolinga ndi kwakukulu: magulu a ntchito ndi kusamuka kwa chidziwitso amalipidwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri kuposa magulu a mabanja, mwana wolowa m'banja ndi wocheperako, ndi nzika zaku Turkey pamtengo wotsika m'magulu a mabanja ndi ntchito chifukwa cha zomwe zayimitsidwa mu Pangano la EEC-Turkey Association.

Ndalamazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a unduna, zomwe zimasinthidwa pa 1 Januwale chaka chilichonse ndikufalitsidwa mokwanira ndi cholinga chokhala pa intaneti pa ind.nl. Tengani chiwerengerocho kuchokera patebulo limenelo osati patsamba lakale, ndipo onani pamenepo ngati ndalama zina zimaperekedwa ngati mvv ikufunidwa popanda chilolezo chokhala panyumba. Ndalamazo zimalipidwa pogona ndipo sizibwezedwa ngati pempholo lakanidwa, pokhapokha ngati silikuganiziridwa konse.

Kusonkhanitsa mvv, zenera loyendera ndi kulowa

IND ikavomereza, imadziwitsa wothandizirayo ndikulangiza ntchito ya ku Netherlands kunja. Wopemphayo ndiye amalemba nthawi yokumana ndi ambassy kapena consulate yomwe yatchulidwa mu chisankhocho, amapezekapo pamasom'pamaso, amapereka biometrics (chithunzi cha nkhope, zala ndi siginecha), ndipo amaika chizindikiro cha mvv mu pasipoti.

Nthawi ziwiri zomaliza ndi zofunika. Mvv iyenera kutengedwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene chisankhocho chachitika, ndipo chizindikiro cha mvv chimapereka nthawi yolowera ya masiku 90, momwe muyenera kupita. Kusowa nthawi yomaliza iliyonse kumatanthauza kuti kuvomereza kwatha ndipo pempho, ndi ndalama zolipirira, ziyenera kubwerezedwanso.

Pasipoti iyenera kukhala yogwira ntchito kupitirira mvv, ndipo kuvomerezeka kwake kotsala kumafufuzidwa pa nthawi yokumana. Polowa, mvv imaperekedwa kumalire akunja a Schengen. Pali chisokonezo chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri: Njira Yolowera/Kutuluka ya EU, yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono pa 12 Okutobala 2025 ndipo idagwira ntchito mokwanira pa 10 Epulo 2026, sigwira ntchito kwa omwe ali ndi ma visa okhala nthawi yayitali kapena zilolezo zokhalamo (nkhani 2 ya Regulation (EU) 2017/2226). Mvv ndi visa yokhala nthawi yayitali, kotero kulowa pa imodzi sikulembetsedwa mu dongosololi, ndipo malamulo a malire a munthu amene akufika si omwe amafotokozedwa kwa apaulendo okhala nthawi yochepa.

Pambuyo pofika

Kufika pa mvv si mapeto a ndondomekoyi. Pali njira zinayi zomwe zimatsatira, ndipo zimachitika motsatizana:

• Sonkhanitsani chikalata chokhalamo. Kalata ya IND imafotokoza komwe khadi la pulasitiki lingatengedwe komanso nthawi yomwe lingatengedwe. Ma biometrics omwe aperekedwa kale ku ofesi ya kazembe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
• Lembetsani mu BRP. Kulembetsa mu Database ya Zolemba za Munthu ku boma komwe amakhala ndikofunikira kwa aliyense wokhala kwa nthawi yoposa miyezi inayi. Pakufunika nthawi yokumana ndi munthu ndi umboni wa adilesi, ndipo zikalata zovomerezeka za boma zimaperekedwanso kuno.
• Landirani nambala yautumiki wa nzika (BSN). BSN imachitika yokha kuchokera pakulembetsa kwa BRP. Popanda iyo palibe malipiro a malipiro, palibe inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, palibe akaunti yakubanki yomwe imachitika, komanso palibe kayendetsedwe ka misonkho.
• Kuyesa chifuwa chachikulu. Ngati udindowo ukugwira ntchito, mayesowo ayenera kuchitidwa ku dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya boma mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene alandira chilolezo chokhala, pogwiritsa ntchito fomu yotumizira yomwe yaperekedwa ndi chisankhocho. Nzika za mndandanda wodziwika bwino wa mayiko omwe ali ndi zochitika zochepa sizikhudzidwa. Mndandandawu umakhazikitsidwa ndi dziko lawo m'malamulo osamukira ndipo umasinthidwa pamene ziwerengero za zochitikazo zikusintha, choncho werengani chikalata chochotsera chilolezocho motsutsana ndi kalata yosankha ndi fomu yotumizira yomwe yaperekedwa nayo m'malo motsutsana ndi mndandanda womwe wapezeka kwina.

Inshuwalansi yazaumoyo ndi udindo wapadera wokhala ndi nthawi yake yomaliza ndipo imagwira ntchito mosadalira lamulo la anthu osamukira kudziko lina.

Kukana ndi njira zothetsera vutoli

Popeza njira ya TEV imapereka chisankho chimodzi, kukana kwa mvv ndi kukana pempho la chilolezo chokhala m'dzikolo. Ndi chisankho cha utsogoleri cha IND ndipo chimatsutsidwa mwanjira yachizolowezi ya utsogoleri.

Gawo loyamba ndi kutsutsa ( bezwaar ) ku IND yokha, komwe kumaperekedwa mkati mwa nthawi yovomerezeka, yomwe pankhani zosamukira ndi milungu inayi (Nkhani 69 Vreemdelingenwet 2000). Kutsutsako kuyenera kunena zifukwa; chidziwitso chokhacho n'chotheka, koma zifukwa ziyenera kutsatira mkati mwa nthawi yololedwa.

Ngati chitsutsocho chathetsedwa, apilo ipita ku khoti lachigawo (Nkhani 8:1 Algemene wet bestuursrecht) ndipo, kuchokera pamenepo, apilo ina ku Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State. Chitsutso kapena apilo sizimayimitsa zokha zotsatira za chigamulocho; ngati kuyimitsidwa kuli kofunikira, pempho lina lothandizira kwakanthawi likufunika.

Kawirikawiri yankho labwino pa kukana si mlandu koma ndi pempho latsopano, lolembedwa bwino, makamaka pamene kukana kukupereka chikalata chomwe chasowa kapena kusowa kwa ndalama komwe kungathetsedwe. Pamene kukupereka tanthauzo la vuto, kukhululukidwa kapena gawo lovuta, kutsutsa ndiye njira yoyenera.

Zolakwika zodziwika bwino kwambiri

• Kupita ku Netherlands ndi visa yokhala nthawi yochepa kenako n’kufunsira. Ngati mvv ikufunika, kukhalapo mdzikolo sikuchotsa lamuloli, ndipo pempholo limakanidwa pachifukwa chimenecho chokha.
• Kungoganiza kuti palibe chifukwa chochotsera. Kusaloledwa chifukwa cha dziko, udindo wa banja m'malamulo a EU komanso kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha dipuloma pa mayeso ophatikizana ndi nzika zonse ndi zochepa kuposa momwe zimaonekera.
• Kusiya kuvomerezeka kwa boma kukhala kosatha. Apostille ndi maunyolo onse ovomereza malamulo amayendetsedwa ndi nthawi zakunja zomwe palibe tsiku lomaliza la ku Netherlands lomwe lingachepetse.
• Kuphonya nthawi yomaliza yosonkhanitsa kapena ulendo pambuyo pa chisankho chabwino, chomwe chimakakamiza kuti pempho lonse liperekedwe ndikulipidwanso.
• Ndalama zomwe othandizira amapeza sizinayesedwe bwino. Ndalama ziyenera kukhala zokwanira, zodziyimira pawokha komanso zokhalitsa; mapangano afupiafupi, ndalama zosinthasintha, ndi ntchito yodzilemba pawokha zimafunika umboni wosamala osati masamu abwino.
• Chete pamene IND ikupempha zikalata. Nthawi yoyankhira ndi yochepa ndipo zotsatira zake zophonya ndi kukana, osati chikumbutso.

Law & More amalangiza othandizira, olemba ntchito ndi ofunsira ntchito ochokera ku Eindhoven ndi Amsterdam pa mapempho a TEV, chithandizo chovomerezeka, ndi zotsutsa ndi apilo motsutsana ndi zisankho za IND.