Ndondomeko ya bonasi yodzisankhira? Palibe ufulu wolipira popanda kukhazikitsa koyenera

Ndondomeko ya bonasi yosankha inali pakati pa chigamulo chomwe Khoti la Chigawo cha Rotterdam linapereka pa 10 Julayi 2026, chomwe chinali chofunikira kwa olemba ntchito ndi antchito omwe akugwira ntchito ndi makonzedwe otere kapena ma bonasi ena omwe sanafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane (ECLI:NL:RBROT:2026:8771). Mtsogoleri wakale wa Business Development adapempha kuti alandire bonasi ya € 810,000 kuchokera kwa abwana ake akale, pamodzi ndi ufulu wowonjezera mtengo wa magawo. Khoti lachigawo chaching'ono linakana pempholi lonse. Chigamulochi chikuwonetsa kufunika koti makonzedwe a bonasi akhazikitsidwe moyenera komanso moyenera.

Zoona zake

Wantchitoyo wakhala akugwira ntchito monga Director wa Business Development kuyambira pa 1 June 2022. Kuwonjezera pa mgwirizano wa ntchito , zinthu zina zowonjezera zinavomerezedwa, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko ya bonasi. Ndondomekoyi inapereka, pakati pa zinthu zina, cholinga cha 100% pachaka chokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso zotsatira zabwino kwa gululo, malo a bonasi yapamwamba kapena yotsika malinga ndi zomwe akufuna komanso kutengera zolinga, ndipo bonasiyo idzayesedwa poika zolinga za magwiridwe antchito m'mabizinesi, mabizinesi ogwirizana ndi ndalama. Zinaganiziridwanso kuti bonasiyo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mtsogolo kugula magawo mu kampaniyo.

Wantchitoyo anathetsa mgwirizano wa ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Ogasiti 2025 ndipo pambuyo pake adapempha kuti alandire bonasi kwa zaka zingapo, kutengera 100% ya malipiro ake, kuphatikiza kukwera kwa mtengo wa gawo la magawo. Bwanayo adatsutsa kuti bonasi yeniyeni idakhazikitsidwapo kapena kuti zofunikira pakukonza magawo zidakwaniritsidwa.

Haviltex: kutanthauzira kwa dongosolo la bonasi

Khoti la chigawo chaching'ono likugogomezera kuti funso la momwe mgwirizano wa mgwirizano uyenera kumasuliridwira silingayankhidwe kokha potengera kuwerenga kwa chilankhulo cha mawuwo. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi tanthauzo lomwe maguluwo, m'mikhalidwe yomwe yaperekedwa, angagwirizane moyenera ndi zomwe akuyembekezera kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Uwu ndiye muyezo wodziwika bwino wa Haviltex, wochokera ku chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la ku Dutch cha pa 13 Marichi 1981 (ECLI:NL:HR:1981:AG4158, NJ 1981/635, Haviltex), womwe ndi lamulo lokhazikika la milandu yotanthauzira mitundu yonse ya mapangano, kuphatikiza makonzedwe othandizira pantchito monga dongosolo la bonasi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo umenewo kunapangitsa kuti papezeke kuti ndondomeko ya bonasi sinali dongosolo lenileni lokhazikika pamaziko a malipiro omwe angangopemphedwa. Malemba a ndondomekoyi sanafotokoze momveka bwino tanthauzo la 'chaka chokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso zotsatira zabwino kwa gulu', ndi 'kuthekera kwa bonasi yapamwamba kapena yotsika', kapena ndi 'ulamuliro wosankha kutengera zolinga'. Kuphatikiza apo, malembawo okha adanenanso kuti zinthu zina ziyenera kufotokozedwanso bwino ndi magulu ndipo bonasiyo iyenera kuyesedwa poika zolinga.

Mmene makonzedwewo anachitikira nawonso anali ofunikira. Wantchitoyo anasamuka kuchoka ku banki ndi woyang'anira katundu kupita kwa wolemba ntchito, ndi cholinga choti abweretse mapulojekiti atsopano ndikupanga ndalama, ndipo pakapita nthawi azitha kukhala wogawana nawo gawo. Chifukwa chake, malipiro a bonasi anali okhudzana ndi kupambana kwa bizinesi komwe wogwira ntchitoyo adzakwaniritsa. Popeza mgwirizano wofunikira womwe maguluwo anali ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu sunachitike, ndipo panalibe umboni wa mapulojekiti ena omwe adabweretsedwa omwe akanapangitsa kuti zolinga zawo zipitirire, wantchitoyo sakanatha kutenga bonasi.

Palibe bonasi yokhazikitsidwa, palibe mawonekedwe a kudzipereka omwe adapangidwa

Wantchitoyo adapitiliza kunena kuti kwa zaka za 2022, 2023 ndi 2024 zinali zitatsimikizika kale kuti anali ndi ufulu wopeza bonasi ya 100%. Izi sizinavomerezedwe, chifukwa palibe makalata kapena zikalata zina zomwe zidaperekedwa zomwe zikusonyeza kuti bwanayo ndiye adakhazikitsa bonasi ya zaka zoyenera. Kungoti bwanayo sanatsutse zomwe wantchitoyo adapereka kale sizinatanthauze kuti bwanayo adagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. M'malo mwake, makalatawo adawonetsa kuti maguluwo anali kukambiranabe za bonasi komanso mgwirizano wogulanso magawo mu 2025, njira yomwe wantchitoyo mwachionekere sankafuna kudikira, poganizira kuti adadziwitsidwa kuti achotsedwa ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Ogasiti 2025.

Apilo ya kuoneka ngati lonjezo inalepheranso. Bwana amene sakwaniritsa lamulo la bonasi, ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochitira zimenezo, pazifukwa zina angaonedwe kuti wakwaniritsa lamulo limenelo. Lamuloli likugwirizana ndi Nkhani 6:23(1) ya Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, BW), yomwe imati lamulo limaonedwa kuti lakwaniritsidwa ngati chipani chomwe chili ndi chidwi ndi kusakwaniritsa kwake chinalepheretsa kukwaniritsa kwake, pomwe chipanicho chinali ndi udindo wogwirizana nacho pakukwaniritsa kwake. Wantchitoyo adadalira pa nkhaniyi pa ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2016:6037 (Amsterdam Khothi Lachigawo, 6 Seputembala 2016), pomwe olemba ntchito adalephera kukhazikitsa dongosolo la ntchito la pachaka lomwe limayang'ana pa ndondomeko ya bonasi yodziwika bwino. Khothi lachigawo cha Rotterdam limasiyanitsa momveka bwino chitsanzo chimenecho: pamenepa ndondomeko ya bonasi yokha idafotokozedwa bwino ndipo ndi lamulo lokhalo lokhazikitsa la olemba ntchito lomwe lidasowa, pomwe pakadali pano ndondomekoyi ikufunikabe kufotokozedwa kwina ndipo wantchitoyo sanakwaniritse zotsatira zamalonda zomwe adagwirizana. Chifukwa chake panalibe choletsa chomwe chidaperekedwa kwa olemba ntchito malinga ndi tanthauzo la Article 6:23 BW, kotero lamuloli silingaganizidwe kuti lakwaniritsidwa.

Ndondomeko ya kugawana

Zotsatira zofananazo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mgwirizano wa magawo. Malamulo owonjezerawo anati, patatha chaka chimodzi, malinga ndi mgwirizano wabwino, wantchitoyo adzakhala ndi mwayi wogula magawo angapo, bola ngati izi zidalembedwa mu mgwirizano wina. Palibe mgwirizano uliwonse womwe unakwaniritsidwa. Chowonadi chakuti wantchitoyo, mwakufuna kwake, adakhazikitsa kampani yachinsinsi yokhala ndi malire ndipo adalemba mgwirizano wa eni masheya sichinasinthe izi: kuchitapo kanthu ndi wantchito payekha sikubweretsa mgwirizano pakati pa magulu awiriwa.

Ndondomeko ya malamulo: udindo wopereka umboni ndi ntchito yabwino

Zotsatira za mlanduwu zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi lamulo la Article 150 la Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvording, Rv): chipani chomwe chikugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zalamulo za mfundo zomwe chimanena, kwenikweni, chili ndi udindo wotsimikizira mfundo zimenezo. Wantchitoyo adati bonasi yake kwa zaka zingapo idakhazikitsidwa kale ndipo mgwirizano wa magawo udakhazikitsidwa, koma adalephera kutsimikizira izi ndi zikalata poyang'anizana ndi mkangano womveka bwino wa olemba ntchito. Zimenezo zinamuthandiza kwambiri: kungonena chabe sikokwanira pamene chipani chotsutsa chikutsutsa mfundozo pazifukwa zomveka.

Chiphunzitso cha kulemba anthu ntchito bwino (Nkhani 7:611 BW) chimagwiranso ntchito kumbuyo. Nkhaniyi ingatanthauze kuti wolemba ntchito ayenera kupereka mfundo zenizeni ku ndondomeko ya bonasi yomwe ikufunika kufotokozedwa bwino, mwachitsanzo poika zolinga munthawi yake kapena kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Khoti lachigawo likuvomereza mfundo iyi m'mawu ambiri: unali udindo wa wolemba ntchito kupereka njira ina ya ndondomeko ya bonasi. Komabe, kuti pempholi silinakwaniritsidwe ndi chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko ya bonasi sinali yodziyimira payokha, koma inali yogwirizana ndi zotsatira zamalonda zomwe wogwira ntchito ayenera kukwaniritsa. Kulemba anthu ntchito bwino sikukakamiza wolemba ntchito kulipira bonasi yomwe imapangidwa mwalamulo kutengera zotsatira zomwe wantchito sanakwaniritse.

Zotsatira zothandiza

Chigamulochi chikugogomezera vuto lomwe limabwera mobwerezabwereza ndi njira zopezera bonasi: mawu olembedwa bwino komanso otseguka, chiopsezo cha mikangano chimakula kumapeto kwa ubale wantchito. Olemba ntchito akulangizidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti njira zopezera bonasi zimakhala zenizeni nthawi ndi nthawi, mwachitsanzo polemba zolinga zomwe zikugwira ntchito pachaka komanso ngati zakwaniritsidwa. Kwa ogwira ntchito, ndibwino kufunafuna kumveka bwino kwa mfundo za njirazi nthawi yomweyo, osati kungopereka chidziwitso, ndikulemba mapangano aliwonse.

Phunziro lofunika kuchita ndilakuti malipiro osinthasintha ayenera kupangidwa mofanana ndi malipiro okhazikika. lamulo lantchito timu ku Law & More imalangiza olemba ntchito ndi antchito pa kulemba, kutanthauzira ndi kukakamiza mapangano a bonasi ndi magawo, komanso udindo woti atenge mkangano ukabuka.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI