Lolembedwa ndi Tom Meevis, loya wa Law & More
Chitetezo cha pa intaneti sichilinso nkhani yaukadaulo yokha. Ndi nkhani ya zamalamulo ndi kayendetsedwe ka boma yomwe imakhudza pafupifupi bungwe lililonse la kukula kulikonse.
Ndi European NIS2 Directive ndi Dutch Cybersecurity Act, udindo wothana ndi mavuto a digito umasamutsidwira ku bungwe loyang'anira. Dutch Cybersecurity Act ikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 15 Ogasiti 2026. Chifukwa chake eni mabizinesi, owongolera ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira malamulo ayenera kukhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo:
- kaya bungwe lawo likugwera pansi pa malamulo atsopano;
- maudindo omwe amatsatira kuchokera kwa iwo;
- njira zomwe zikufunika;
- ndi momwe bungweli lingakwaniritsire maudindo amenewo.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zazikulu za NIS2 ndi Dutch Cybersecurity Act: kukula kwake, udindo wosamalira, udindo wodziwitsa, udindo wa bungwe, kukakamiza, ndi njira zomwe mabungwe angachite tsopano.
Kodi NIS2 ndi chiyani?
NIS2 ndi dzina lovomerezeka la Directive (EU) 2022/2555. Linalowa m'malo mwa lamulo loyamba la European network and information security, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa NIS1.
Mayiko omwe ali mamembala amayenera kusintha NIS2 kukhala lamulo la dziko pofika pa 17 Okutobala 2024. Kuyambira pa 18 Okutobala 2024, NIS2 idalowa m'malo mwa lamulo loyamba.
Cholinga chake ndikukweza ndikugwirizanitsa bwino mulingo wa kulimba mtima pa intaneti mkati mwa European Union. Izi zikuyenda m'njira ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, gawo lalikulu: mabungwe ambiri amatsatira malamulo kuposa NIS1. Chachiwiri, kuyang'aniridwa kolimba komanso kutsatiridwa kokhwima, ndi zida zambiri komanso maudindo omveka bwino a owongolera.
Pamene NIS1 inasiyanitsa pakati pa ogwira ntchito zautumiki wofunikira ndi opereka mautumiki apa digito, NIS2 imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe ofunikira ndi mabungwe ofunikira. Kusiyana kumeneko sikungokhala kwa mawu okha: pakati pa zinthu zina kumatsimikizira mphamvu ya kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zilango zomwe zingatheke.
Ndi mabungwe ati omwe ali pansi pa NIS2?
NIS2 imagwira ntchito ku mabungwe omwe akugwira ntchito m'magawo khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu osankhidwa, ogawika m'magawo omwe ali ndi magawo ofunikira kwambiri komanso magawo ena ofunikira.
Magawo omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri ndi monga mphamvu, mayendedwe, mabanki, zomangamanga zamsika wazachuma, chisamaliro chaumoyo, madzi akumwa ndi madzi otayika, zomangamanga za digito, kasamalidwe ka ntchito za ICT kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi, kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi malo.
Magawo ena ofunikira ndi monga mautumiki a positi ndi otumiza makalata, kasamalidwe ka zinyalala, mankhwala, chakudya, kupanga zinthu, opereka chithandizo cha digito ndi mabungwe ofufuza.
Chiŵerengero cha kukula
M'magawo awa, lamulo lalikulu ndilakuti bungwe limakhala pansi pa NIS2 pomwe limayenerera kukhala bizinesi yapakatikati kapena yayikulu. Zofunikira zake ndi antchito osachepera 50, kapena ndalama zomwe kampani imapeza pachaka kapena ndalama zonse zokwana EUR 10 miliyoni.
Pali zosiyana ndi lamulo lalikululi. Mabungwe ena amagwera m'malo moganizira kukula kwake, chifukwa ntchito zawo zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri:
- opereka maukonde ndi mautumiki apakompyuta olumikizirana ndi anthu onse;
- opereka chithandizo cha trust;
- opereka chithandizo cholembetsa mayina a domain;
- malo olembetsera mayina a domain apamwamba;
- mabungwe aboma.
Kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, maudindo atsopanowa akugwira ntchito ku mabungwe opitilira 8,000 ku Netherlands. Kumeneku ndi kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chomwe chikukhudzidwa ndi Network and Information Systems Security Act yomwe ilipo pano.
Mabungwe omwe kale sankadziona ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri akhoza kugwidwa, kuphatikizapo opanga apakatikati, opanga chakudya, mabungwe ofufuza ndi opereka chithandizo cha digito. Chofunika kwambiri, mabungwewo ali ndi udindo wowunika ngati akugwirizana ndi zomwe akuchita. Palibe kalata yochokera kwa woyang'anira yomwe idzafike yowauza zimenezo.
Udindo wosamalira: ndi njira ziti zomwe zikufunika?
Cholinga chachikulu cha NIS2 ndi Dutch Cybersecurity Act ndi udindo wosamala. Mabungwe ofunikira komanso ofunikira ayenera kutenga njira zoyenera komanso zoyenerera zaukadaulo, ntchito, komanso kayendetsedwe ka mabungwe kuti athe kuthana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pa netiweki yawo komanso machitidwe awo azidziwitso.
Malamulowa amatchula mitu yomwe mfundozo ziyenera kukhudza pazochitika zilizonse:
- kusanthula zoopsa ndi mfundo zotetezera chidziwitso;
- kusamalira zochitika;
- kupitiriza kwa bizinesi, kusamalira zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kubwezeretsa masoka;
- chitetezo cha unyolo woperekera zinthu;
- ukhondo wa pa intaneti ndi maphunziro a antchito;
- ndondomeko yosamalira kufooka;
- kutsimikizira zinthu zambiri;
- mauthenga otetezeka;
- kujambula mawu;
- kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi momwe njirazi zikuyendera.
Njirazi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa bungweli komanso zoopsa zomwe bungweli lakumana nazo. Chifukwa chake, bungwe laling'ono lofunika siliyenera kuchita zinthu zomwezo monga bungwe lalikulu lofunika kwambiri m'gawo lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Zimenezo sizikutanthauza kuti udindo wosamalira anthu ndi wosankha. Mabungwe ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zotsimikizira zoopsa zomwe adapeza, njira zomwe adatenga komanso chifukwa chake njirazo zili zoyenera. Sikuti njira zokhazo, komanso momwe zimayezedwera, kulembedwa, ndi kuyesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, zimayang'aniridwa.
Udindo wodziwitsa pambuyo pa chochitika
Kuphatikiza pa udindo wosamalira, NIS2 imapanga udindo wodziwitsa pang'onopang'ono pazochitika zazikulu. Ngati chochitikacho chakhudza kapena chingakhudze kwambiri kupitiriza kwa ntchito, nthawi yomaliza yotsatirayi imagwiranso ntchito m'njira zambiri:
- mkati mwa maola 24, chenjezo loyambirira kwa gulu lothana ndi ngozi zachitetezo cha makompyuta kapena akuluakulu oyenerera;
- mkati mwa maola 72, chidziwitso chovomerezeka chokhala ndi kuwunika koyambirira kwa kuopsa ndi momwe zinthu zilili;
- mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, lipoti lomaliza lofotokoza za chochitikachi, chomwe chingayambitse vutoli, njira zomwe zatengedwa komanso zotsatira zake zilizonse zopitirira malire.
Masiku omaliza awa amapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunikira kukhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino pasadakhale. Bungwe liyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe chochitika chingadziwitsidwe, amene ali ndi chilolezo chodziwitsa, zomwe ziyenera kupezeka, amene amayang'anira, komanso momwe bungwe ndi woyang'anira amadziwitsidwira.
Bungwe lomwe limangoyesa kukhazikitsa njira yodziwitsira pakachitika ngozi limakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cholephera kupereka lipoti pa nthawi yake kapena mokwanira.
Udindo wa bungwe
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu NIS2 ndichakuti udindo wowongolera zoopsa za pa intaneti umaperekedwa mwachindunji ndi bungwe loyang'anira. Bungweli liyenera kuvomereza njira zotetezera, kuyang'anira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kukhala ndi kuthekera kowunika zoopsa za pa intaneti za bungweli, ndikuphunzira mokwanira.
Chifukwa chake chitetezo cha pa intaneti sichingaonedwenso ngati udindo wa dipatimenti ya IT yokha. Ndi nkhani yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu yomwe iyenera kukhala gawo la kupanga zisankho nthawi zonse komanso kuwongolera zoopsa.
Lamuloli likukhudzanso udindo wa oyang'anira akuluakulu ngati bungweli silikutsatira malamulo. Lembani kutenga nawo mbali kwa bungweli moyenerera, mwachitsanzo polemba maphunziro omwe achitika, zisankho za bungweli, mfundo zovomerezeka, kuwunika zoopsa, malipoti ndi kuyang'anira momwe bungweli likugwirira ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Dutch
Kukhazikitsa kwa NIS2 ku Netherlands kwachedwetsedwa kwambiri. Tsiku lomaliza losinthira la 17 Okutobala 2024 silinakwaniritsidwe.
Pa 8 Julayi 2026, bungwe la European Commission linaganiza zotumiza dziko la Netherlands, pamodzi ndi Ireland, Spain ndi France, ku Khoti Lalikulu la European Union chifukwa cholephera kudziwitsa anthu za njira zosinthira. Chifukwa chake, dziko la Netherlands linali m'gulu la mayiko anayi omwe anatsalira mu European Union.
Nthawi yake ndi yodabwitsa. Tsiku lina m'mbuyomo, pa 7 Julayi 2026, Senate idavomereza Cybersecurity Act ndi Critical Entities Resilience Act. Sitikudziwa ngati mfundo yakuti Cybersecurity Act idavomerezedwa isanatumizidwe nkhaniyi ikhudza zotsatira za nkhaniyi; Khoti ndi lomwe lidzasankhe.
Malamulo onsewa ayamba kugwira ntchito pa 15 Ogasiti 2026. Cybersecurity Act ikukhazikitsa NIS2 Directive; Critical Entities Resilience Act ikukhazikitsa European CER Directive, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimba kwa zomangamanga zofunika. Mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi adzasankhidwa mwalamulo kukhala mabungwe ofunikira kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026.
Pamene lamulo la Network and Information Systems Security Act (Wbni) likuyamba kugwira ntchito, limatha ntchito. Kwa mabungwe omwe ali kale ndi lamuloli, izi zikutanthauza maudindo akuluakulu; kwa mabungwe omwe akubwera koyamba, dongosolo latsopano kotheratu.
Kulembetsa ndi NCSC
Udindo watsopano wofunikira ndi kulembetsa ku National Cyber Security Centre. Mabungwe ofunikira komanso ofunikira ayenera kulembedwa mu kaundula wa mabungwe adziko lonse. Kulembetsa kumeneko ndi kofunikira kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026 ndipo kumadutsa pa MijnNCSC portal, pogwiritsa ntchito eHerkenning ya mabungwe wamba ndi SSDonRijk ya mabungwe aboma. Kusintha kwa deta yolembetsedwa kuyenera kunenedwa mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi.
Kulembetsa si njira yongoyang'anira yokha. Mabungwe akalembetsa, amatha kulumikizana ndi ntchito za CSIRT yawo, yomwe imapereka zinthu ndi ntchito kuti iwonjezere kulimba mtima komanso chithandizo pakagwa ngozi. Konzani kulembetsa nthawi yoyenera, kuti kukhazikitsidwa kusamayambe kokha pambuyo poti yayamba kugwira ntchito.
Kuyang'anira ndi kukakamiza
Lamulo la Chitetezo cha pa Intaneti limapereka njira yosiyana yoyang'anira. Mabungwe ofunikira amayang'aniridwa mwachangu: woyang'anira akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa mosalekeza komanso mwakufuna kwake, popanda chochitika chilichonse kapena chizindikiro china. Mabungwe ofunikira amayang'aniridwa mwachangu, pomwe woyang'anira amachitapo kanthu poyankha chochitika, madandaulo kapena chizindikiro china chodziwikiratu.
Kuyang'anira kumagawidwa m'maboma angapo. Kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, bungwe la Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure limayang'anira mabungwe m'magawo asanu ndi anayi; oyang'anira ena amasankhidwa m'magawo ena. Dziwani woyang'anira amene ali ndi luso pa bungwe lanu.
Chida chogwiritsira ntchito malamulo ndi chachikulu ndipo chimaphatikizapo:
- kusanthula chitetezo kapena kuwunika chitetezo;
- malangizo omangirira;
- lamulo lokakamiza boma kapena lamulo lomwe liyenera kulipidwa chilango;
- kufalitsa kuphwanya malamulo;
- chindapusa cha oyang'anira;
- kwa mabungwe ofunikira: kuyimitsidwa kwa satifiketi, chilolezo kapena membala wa bungwe.
Kwa mabungwe ofunikira, chindapusa chachikulu ndi EUR 10 miliyoni kapena 2% ya ndalama zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka padziko lonse lapansi, chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu. Kwa mabungwe ofunikira ndi EUR 7 miliyoni kapena 1.4% ya ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka padziko lonse lapansi, komanso chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu. Mlingo wotsatira umadalira momwe nkhaniyi ilili, kuphatikizapo mtundu, kukula kwake ndi nthawi ya kuphwanya malamulo, kuchuluka kwa mlandu ndi njira zomwe zatengedwa.
Kodi bungwe lanu lingachite chiyani tsopano?
- Dziyeseni nokha. Dziwani ngati bungweli likugwira ntchito m'gawo losankhidwa ndipo likukwaniritsa malire a kukula kwake.
- Dziwani gulu loyenera. Dziwani ngati bungweli likuyenerera kukhala bungwe lofunikira kapena lofunika, komanso woyang'anira uti amene ali ndi luso.
- Konzani kulembetsa. Sonkhanitsani deta yofunikira polembetsa ndi NCSC kudzera mu MijnNCSC.
- Yesani njira zosamalira anthu. Yesani njira zomwe zilipo kale zokhudza kusanthula zoopsa, momwe zinthu zidzachitikire, kupitiriza kwa bizinesi, chitetezo cha unyolo wogulira zinthu, ukhondo wa pa intaneti, zofooka, kutsimikizira zinthu zambiri komanso cryptography.
- Konzani njira yodziwitsira. Lembani amene amawunika ngati chochitikacho chili chodziwitsidwa, amene amadziwitsa, ndi momwe nthawi yomaliza ya maola 24, maola 72 ndi mwezi umodzi imakwaniritsidwira.
- Lembani zisankho zomwe bungweli lachita, maphunziro omwe achitika komanso momwe kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zikuyendera.
- Phatikizanipo unyolo wopereka zinthu. Zofooka zambiri sizimachitika m'bungwe lokha koma kwa ogulitsa ndi opereka chithandizo. Unikaninso mapangano anu okhudza chitetezo, ntchito zodziwitsa, ndi ufulu wowunika.
Potseka
Lamulo la Chitetezo cha pa Intaneti ndi Lamulo la Kukhazikika kwa Mabungwe Ofunikira likuyimira kulimbitsa kwakukulu kwa maudindo a chitetezo cha pa intaneti. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito, njira zenizeni zosamalira, nthawi yomaliza yodziwitsa anthu, udindo wa otsogolera komanso chida chofunikira chokhazikitsa malamulo kumatanthauza kuti mabungwe sangasiye nkhaniyi pambali. Popeza nkhaniyi idayamba kugwira ntchito pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, nthawi yokonzekera ndi yochepa.
Law & More Imathandiza mabizinesi, owongolera ndi akuluakulu otsatira malamulo posankha udindo wawo motsatira NIS2 ndi Dutch Cybersecurity Act, kukhazikitsa ndi kuyesa njira zosamalira, kukonzekera kulembetsa ndi NCSC, ndikukhazikitsa mfundo zachitetezo cha pa intaneti mwalamulo.
Kodi mukufuna kuti udindo wa bungwe lanu uunikidwe motsatira malamulo atsopano? Chonde musazengereze kulankhulana nafe kuti tikambirane popanda kukakamizidwa.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Pansipa tikuyankha mafunso omwe timafunsidwa kawirikawiri pankhaniyi.
Kodi lamulo la Dutch Cybersecurity Act liyamba liti kugwira ntchito?
Pa 15 Ogasiti 2026. Senate idavomereza Cybersecurity Act ndi Critical Entities Resilience Act pa 7 Julayi 2026. Pamene idayamba kugwira ntchito, Network and Information Systems Security Act (Wbni) yomwe ilipo pano imatha.
Kodi bungwe langa lili pansi pa NIS2?
Zimenezo zimadalira gawo lanu ndi kukula kwanu. NIS2 imakhudza magawo khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu osankhidwa ndipo, mkati mwa magawo amenewo, monga lamulo lalikulu, mabungwe omwe ali ndi antchito osachepera 50 kapena ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa pachaka kapena ndalama zonse zokwana EUR 10 miliyoni. Magulu ena amakhudzidwa mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake.
Kodi ndidzadziwitsidwa ngati bungwe langa lili ndi udindo?
Ayi. Mabungwe okha ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wofufuza ngati akugonjera ku Cybersecurity Act. Kudikira kumabweretsa mavuto ena chifukwa chofuna kulembetsa mayeso asanapangidwe.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa chinthu chofunikira ndi chinthu chofunikira n'chiyani?
Zimatsimikiza kukula kwa kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zilango zomwe zingachitike. Mabungwe ofunikira amayang'aniridwa mwachangu, komwe woyang'anira angayang'ane yekha. Mabungwe ofunikira amayang'aniridwa mwachangu, chifukwa cha chochitika, madandaulo kapena chizindikiro china.
Kodi udindo wa chisamaliro umaphatikizapo chiyani?
Kutenga njira zoyenera komanso zoyenerera zaukadaulo, ntchito, komanso kayendetsedwe ka bungwe kuti muthane ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pa netiweki yanu ndi machitidwe anu odziwitsa, kuphatikizapo nkhani monga kusanthula zoopsa, kusamalira zochitika, kupitiriza kwa bizinesi, chitetezo cha unyolo woperekera zinthu, ukhondo wa pa intaneti, zofooka, kutsimikizika kwa zinthu zambiri ndi cryptography. Muyenera kukhala okhoza kutsimikizira chifukwa chake njira zomwe mwasankhazo ndizoyenera.
Ndi nthawi yomaliza iti yodziwitsira yomwe imagwira ntchito pambuyo pa chochitika?
Chenjezo loyambirira mkati mwa maola 24, chidziwitso chovomerezeka mkati mwa maola 72 ndi kuwunika koyambirira kwa kuopsa ndi zotsatira zake, ndi lipoti lomaliza mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Konzani njira yodziwitsira pasadakhale.
Kodi bungwe langa liyenera kulembetsa?
Inde. Kulembetsa mu kaundula wa mabungwe adziko lonse ndikofunikira kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026 ndipo kumachitika kudzera mu MijnNCSC, pogwiritsa ntchito eHerkenning kapena, m'mabungwe aboma, SSDonRijk. Zosintha ziyenera kunenedwa mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi. Mukalembetsa mutha kulumikizana ndi ntchito za CSIRT yanu.
Kodi ndi udindo wotani womwe uli ndi bungweli?
Bungweli liyenera kuvomereza njira zotetezera, kuyang'anira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kukhala ndi mwayi wowunika zoopsa za pa intaneti ndikuphunzitsidwa lokha. Lamuloli likunena za udindo wa oyang'anira akuluakulu chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo, kotero liyenera kulemba zisankho, maphunziro ndi kuyang'anira momveka bwino.
Kodi zilangozo ndi zokwera bwanji?
Kwa mabungwe ofunikira osachepera EUR 10 miliyoni kapena 2% ya ndalama zomwe zagulitsidwa pachaka padziko lonse lapansi; kwa mabungwe ofunikira osachepera EUR 7 miliyoni kapena 1.4%, pazochitika zonse zomwe zili pamwamba. Mlingo wotsatira umadalira zinthu kuphatikizapo mtundu, kukula kwake ndi nthawi ya kuphwanya malamulo komanso kuchuluka kwa mlandu.
Ndani amayang'anira kutsata malamulo?
Zimenezo zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo. Kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, bungwe la Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure limayang'anira mabungwe m'magawo asanu ndi anayi; oyang'anira ena amasankhidwa m'magawo ena. Dziwani woyang'anira amene ali ndi luso pa bungwe lanu.
Nchifukwa chiyani dziko la Netherlands latumizidwa ku Khoti Lachilungamo?
Pa kusintha kwa NIS2 mochedwa. Pa 8 Julayi 2026, European Commission idaganiza zotumiza dziko la Netherlands, pamodzi ndi Ireland, Spain ndi France, ku Khoti Lalikulu la Zachilungamo chifukwa cholephera kudziwitsa anthu za njira zosinthira. Mfundo yakuti Cybersecurity Act idakhazikitsidwa tsiku lina m'mbuyomu siithetsa milandu imeneyi.
Kodi izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa ogulitsa anga?
Chitetezo cha unyolo wogulira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimapezeka kwa ogulitsa ndi opereka chithandizo. Unikaninso mapangano anu okhudza chitetezo, ntchito zodziwitsa, ndi ufulu wowunika.
