Notary waku Dutch ndi kusamutsa katundu mwalamulo: chitsogozo kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi

Ngati mukugula nyumba ku Netherlands , simungapewe ma notaris . Malamulo aku Dutch salola kuti umwini wa katundu usinthe manja mwachinsinsi: kusamutsa kuyenera kuchitika ndi notary wa malamulo aboma aku Dutch ndikulembetsedwa m'mabuku aboma. Kwa ogula ochokera kumayiko omwe mbali iliyonse yogulitsa imalangiza loya wawo, iyi ndi gawo losadziwika bwino la ndondomekoyi, ndipo komwe kumakhala kusamvana kwakukulu.

Kodi notary wa malamulo aboma ku Dutch ndi chiyani?

Notari wa ku Dutch si loya wamkulu wokhala ndi sitampu. Ofesiyi ndi ya boma: notari amasankhidwa ndi lamulo lachifumu, lomwe limakhazikitsanso malo okhazikitsa (art. 3 Wna, Wet op het notarisambt), ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zochitira zikalata zenizeni pamene lamulo likufuna kapena chipani chikupempha (art. 2 Wna). Chikalata choterechi chili ndi umboni wapadera ndipo nthawi zambiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chigamulo cha khothi.

Zotsatira ziwiri ndizofunikira:

• Notary ali ndi udindo wochitapo kanthu. Notary ayenera kugwira ntchito yomwe lamulo lapereka kapena yomwe chipani chapempha, malinga ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zingachitike (art. 21 Wna).
• Notary sali kumbali ya aliyense. Notary amagwira ntchito paokha pa udindo wake ndipo amatumikira zofuna za onse omwe ali m'gulu la malamulo, mopanda tsankho komanso mosamala kwambiri (art. 17 Wna).

Kodi notary amasiyana bwanji ndi loya wa m'dziko lanu?

Ku England, Ireland, United States ndi mayiko ena ambiri, mbali iliyonse ya kayendetsedwe ka katundu imalangiza loya wake wotsutsa. Notary wa ku Dutch ndi wosiyana: wogwira ntchito m'modzi yekha, wosalowerera ndale, amene amagwira ntchito yogulitsa katunduyo osati chipani. "Notary wakunja", yemwe m'maiko ambiri amangoona masainidwe, amakhala ndi udindo wochepa kwambiri ndipo si wofanana ndi wina aliyense.

Notary amafufuza za umwini wa nyumba, amakonza ndikufotokozera zikalata, amasunga ndalamazo ndikulembetsa kusamutsa katundu — koma sadzakambirana mtengo , sadzakuuzani ngati mgwirizanowo ndi wabwino, kapena kuchitapo kanthu m'malo mwanu pamkangano.

Udindo wodziwitsa anthu, ndi malire ake

Kusakondera motsatira nkhani. 17 Wna ikuphatikizidwa ndi udindo wodziwitsa: notary ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense akumvetsa zomwe chikalatacho chikuchita komanso zoopsa zake asanasayine - udindo womwe umadziwika mu chikhalidwe cha Chijeremani-Chidatchi kuti Belehrungspflicht . Ngati munthu ali wofooka, wosadziwa zambiri kapena salankhula chilankhulocho, udindo umenewo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, ndipo notary amene wasaina akudziwa kuti wogula sanamvetse mfundo yofunika amakhala pachiwopsezo cha chilango ndi udindo.

Koma kudziwitsa mbali zonse ziwiri si kuchirikiza. Pamene wogula ndi wogulitsa akukanganadi — pa zolakwika zomwe zapezeka asanamalize, kukakamizidwa kuti asinthe tsiku, kapena tanthauzo la chinthu — notary amakhala pakati. Pamenepo ndiye pamene wogula akufuna munthu amene udindo wake ndi wogula.

Nthawi yoti muphunzitse loya wanu

• Panganoli silili lokhazikika, kapena wogulitsayo ndi wopanga mapulogalamu kapena wogulitsa ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo akeake.
• Mukugula pa malonda, kuchokera ku malo kapena kampani, kapena kwa wogulitsa amene ali ndi mavuto azachuma.
• Nyumbayi ikuphatikizapo lendi ya malo (erfpacht), mndandanda wa zipilala kapena malo osungiramo zinthu zachilendo.
• Pali mkangano wokhudza zolakwika, ndalama zomwe zasungidwa, zilango kapena masiku, kapena munthu amene angaganize kuti akhoza kubweza ngongoleyo.
• Kugulako kumakhudza udindo wanu wokhala, chisudzulo, dongosolo la katundu wa ukwati kapena cholowa chodutsa malire.

Zinthu ziwirizi ndi zowonjezera: notary ndiye amasamutsa katundu, loya wanu amaonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano ndi womwe muyenera kupanga.

Magawo awiri: udindo ndi kusamutsa

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri mu lamulo la katundu ku Netherlands : imasiyanitsa udindo wosamutsa katundu kuchokera ku kusamutsa komweko. Kusamutsa kovomerezeka kumafuna umwini wovomerezeka, munthu woyenerera kutaya katunduyo, ndi chikalata chovomerezeka choperekedwa (art. 3:84 BW). Pa katundu wosasunthayo, kuperekako ndi chikalata choperekedwa pamaso pa notary wa malamulo aboma ku Netherlands, kutsatiridwa ndi kulembetsa chikalatacho m'mabuku aboma (art. 3:89 BW).

Koopovereenkomst , yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa pangano logulira "lokhazikika", imapanga udindo wogula ndi kugulitsa. Sizimakupangitsani kukhala mwiniwake. "Yokhazikika" imakusokeretsani: nthawi yoziziritsa ikatha, imakumangani kwathunthu. Umwini umadutsa pokhapokha ngati chikalata chosinthira chalembetsedwa.

Kuyambira kupereka mpaka kulembetsa

Chofunikira pakulemba ndi nthawi yoziziritsa

Ngati wogula ndi munthu wamba osati wochita ntchito kapena bizinesi, ndipo malowo ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba, kugula kuyenera kulembedwa (art. 7:2 BW). Kugwirana chanza, imelo kapena kusinthana kwa WhatsApp sikungamumange wogula.

Gawo lomweli limapatsa ogula nyumba nthawi yoziziritsa ya masiku atatu. Limayamba tsiku lotsatira mutalandira pangano losainidwa, palibe chifukwa choperekera, ndipo palibe malipiro omwe amalipidwa. Liyenera kuphatikizapo masiku osachepera awiri omwe si Loweruka, Lamlungu kapena tchuthi cha anthu onse; ngati sichoncho, limawonjezeredwa. Ufulu ndi wa wogula yekha, ndipo nthawi imayambira pa risiti - choncho sungani umboni wa nthawi yomwe panganolo linakufikirani.

Chitsimikizo cha ndalama zolipirira kapena banki

Pangano logula la mtundu wamba limafuna kuti wogula apereke chitetezo: kaya ndalama zolipirira ( waarborgsom ) zomwe zaperekedwa mu akaunti ya chipani chachitatu cha notary, kapena chitsimikizo cha banki ( bankgarantie ) kuchokera ku banki yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Netherlands. Mu mgwirizano wogula wa mtundu wa NVM, VBO, VastgoedPRO ndi Vereniging Eigen Huis, ndalamazo zimakhala zokhazikika pa 10% ya mtengo wogula, womwe uyenera kulipidwa milungu ingapo isanamalizidwe. Mtunduwu ulinso ndi chiganizo cha chilango: wogula amene walephera kumaliza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ngongole yofanana ndi ndalama zomwe adayika. Gwirizanitsani ndalama zilizonse zomwe zili mu akaunti yanu ya ngongole ya nyumba.

Kufufuza za mutu ndi kusaka kwa Kadaster

Kadaster imasunga zolembetsa za anthu onse zomwe zimalemba zinthu zokhudzana ndi momwe katundu wolembetsedwa alili mwalamulo (art. 3:16 BW), ndipo zochita zomwe zimakhudza udindo umenewo ndi zolembetsedwa (art. 3:17 BW). Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugulitsa katundu ku Netherlands kukhale kotetezeka: mfundo yolembetsedwa yomwe sinalembetsedwe pamene kugula kwanu kwalembedwa nthawi zambiri singakhale ndi mlandu kwa inu pokhapokha mutadziwa (art. 3:24 BW).

Notary nthawi zambiri amafufuza:

• umwini wa wogulitsa ndi unyolo wa zikalata zakale;
• ngongole za nyumba zomwe zilipo kale, zomwe ziyenera kuwomboledwa ndikumasulidwa zikamalizidwa;
• zomatira ndi kugwidwa (beslagen) motsutsana ndi wogulitsa kapena katundu;
• ziphaso, ufulu wina weniweni, ndi maudindo a khalidwe kapena unyolo;
• lendi ya malo (erfpacht): lendi ya pansi, masiku owunikiranso ndi kutha kwa nthawi yogwirira ntchito;
• zoletsa malamulo aboma, monga momwe zinthu zilili pa zipilala kapena zisankho zokakamiza boma;
• chikalata cha mgwirizano wa magawo ndi eni nyumba, komwe nyumbayo ndi nyumba;
• chizindikiritso, mphamvu, ndi udindo wa onse awiri m'banja.

Chofunikanso ndi chimene notary sachiyang'ana : osati momwe nyumbayo ilili, malo a pansi, chinyezi, asbestos kapena maziko, kapena ngati kuwonjezerako kunaloledwa pokhapokha ngati kukuwonekera m'mabuku, kapena mtengo wake. Kutsatira malamulo ndi kukonzekera ndi udindo wanu, kuti zithetsedwe pangano lisanasainidwe kapena kutetezedwa ndi lamulo.

Akaunti ya chipani chachitatu ndi momwe ndalama zimayendera

Notary ayenera kukhala ndi akaunti imodzi kapena zingapo zapadera m'dzina la notary, ndikutchula mphamvu imeneyo, yopangidwira ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa kwa ena (art. 25 Wna). Uku ndiye kutayika kwa ndalama . Ndalamazo zimatetezedwa: sizili za notary ndipo sizingatheke kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole za notary. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kumalizidwa kwa Dutch kumakhala kotetezeka popanda othandizira kapena mabungwe pakati pa maloya otsutsana.

• Notary akupereka chikalata cha akaunti (nota van afrekening) zomwe zikuphatikizapo mtengo, msonkho wosamutsa, ndalama zolipirira, ndalama zolembetsera, magawo a ndalama zolipirira ntchito ndi misonkho yakomweko, komanso ndalama zolipirira.
• Mumasamutsa ndalama zomwe zili mu akaunti yanu, nthawi zambiri pofika tsiku logwira ntchito lisanafike; wobwereketsa wanu amalipira ngongoleyo ku akaunti yomweyo. Popanda ndalama zomwe zili mu akauntiyo, chikalatacho sichinasainidwe.
• Pambuyo posaina, kulembetsa ndi kufufuza komaliza, notary amawombola ngongole ya nyumba ya wogulitsa, amalipira wogulitsayo ndikuchotsa msonkho wosamutsa.

Wogulitsa amalipidwa osati atasainidwa koma akatsimikizira kuti kusamutsa kwalembedwa ndipo palibe chomangira kapena ngongole yatsopano yomwe yalowererapo. Kusiyana kumeneko ndiko kumakutetezani.

Maudindo, kusaina ndi chilankhulo

Mukamaliza nthawi zambiri mumasaina zikalata ziwiri za notarial: chikalata chosinthira ( akte van levering kapena transportakte ), kutumiza komwe kumafunika malinga ndi Article 3:89 BW, ndipo, ngati mukubwereka, chikalata cha ngongole ya nyumba ( hypotheekakte ) chomwe chimapanga ufulu wachitetezo wa wobwereketsa wanu, womwe umakhazikitsidwanso ndi chikalata cha notarial (art. 3:260 BW) ndipo umayamba kupezeka pa nthawi yolembetsa m'mabuku aboma (art. 3:89 BW). Kusankhidwa kumatenga ola limodzi. Notarial asanasainidwe amawerenga zikalatazo, amafotokoza zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zotsatira zake, ndikuyankha mafunso. Bweretsani zikalata zoyambirira za chizindikiritso; makope salandiridwa.

Chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial cha ku Dutch chalembedwa mu Chidatchi: art. 42 Wna ndi art. 43 Wna amafuna kuti chikalatacho chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'chilankhulo chimenecho. Ngati munthu amene akuwonekera alibe ulamuliro wokwanira wa Chidatchi, thandizo la womasulira wolumbira wochokera ku kaundula wa omasulira ndi omasulira olumbira (Rbtv) ndi kumasulira chikalatacho ndizofunikira, ndipo chikalatacho chimalemba kuti izi zachitika. Mwachizolowezi, maofesi omwe ali ndi ogula ochokera kumayiko ena amapereka kumasulira kwa zilembozo mu Chingerezi pasadakhale ndikukonza womasulira. Funsani zolembazo masiku angapo patsogolo. Zolemba za Chidatchi ndizogwira ntchito.

Kusaina ndi mphamvu ya loya

Simukuyenera kukhala ku Netherlands. Ndizachilendo kupereka mphamvu ya loya ( volmacht ) yolola wantchito wa ofesi ya notarial kuti akusainireni. Mphamvu ya loya yokha nthawi zambiri imayenera kusainidwa pamaso pa notary - ku Netherlands, kapena kunja komwe kuli kovomerezeka kapena apostille, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi kumasulira kovomerezeka. Konzani milungu ingapo ikubwerayi; chizindikiritso motsatira malamulo otsuka ndalama chikugwirabe ntchito.

Kulembetsa, ndi nthawi yomwe umwini umadutsa

Pambuyo posaina, notary amapereka chikalatacho ku ma register a anthu onse omwe ali ndi Kadaster, nthawi zambiri pakompyuta tsiku lomwelo; kenako chimakonzedwa kukhala Basisregistratie Kadaster, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku ochepa ogwira ntchito. Kadaster amalipiritsa ndalama zokhazikika pa chikalata chilichonse choperekedwa; ndalamazo zimayikidwa chaka chilichonse ndi Kadaster mu malamulo ake a tariff ndipo zimafalitsidwa mu Staatscourant, choncho funsani chiwerengero chaposachedwa mu quotation yanu.

Umwini umalandira chilolezo cholembetsa, osati posainira (art. 3:89 BW). Kulembetsa kumayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira nthawi yeniyeni yomwe chikalatacho chaperekedwa kwa Kadaster (art. 3:19 BW), ndichifukwa chake nthawi yochepera pakati pa kusaina ndi kulembetsa imachepetsedwa. Kenako notary amachita kafukufuku womaliza asanatulutse ndalamazo.

Ndalama, ndi amene amasankha notary

Nyumba zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa kosten koper — “ndalama za wogula”: wogula amalipira msonkho wosamutsa nyumba ndi mtengo wa chikalata chosinthira nyumba. Chifukwa wogula amalipira, wogula nthawi zambiri amasankha notary. Musamangovomereza lingaliro la wogulitsa.

Ndalama zolipirira notari sizimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndipo zimasiyana pakati pa maofesi, choncho pezani mawu olembedwa ndikuyerekeza ofanana ndi ofanana. Mawu olipira ayenera kufotokozera padera ndalama zolipirira chikalata chosinthira ndi chikalata cholipira ngongole ya nyumba, ndalama zolembetsera Kadaster, ndalama zosakira, ndi ndalama zilizonse zomasulira, womasulira kapena mphamvu ya loya. Misonkho yosamutsa ( overdrachtsbelasting ) ndi yosiyana ndipo imalipidwa kwa akuluakulu amisonkho. Mitengoyi ili mu Wet op belastingen van rechtsverkeer ndipo imasinthidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la pachaka la Belasting: mtengo wotsika kwa wogula yemwe adzakhala m'nyumbayo ngati nyumba yayikulu, kuchotsedwa kamodzi kokha kwa ogula achichepere oyenerera mkati mwa malire amtengo omwe amalembedwa chaka chilichonse, mtengo wokwera wa nyumba yomwe wogula sadzakhalamo, ndi mtengo wosiyana wa nyumba yomwe si nyumba. Belastingdienst imafalitsa mitengo ndi malire amtengo wapano; yang'anani chaka chomwe mwamaliza, ndikuwona nkhani yathu yokhudza msonkho wosamutsa ndi ndalama za wogula.

Kumene wogulitsa ali ndi mavuto azachuma

Ngati wogulitsa ali ndi ngongole zambiri kapena akupita ku bankirapuse, kusiyana pakati pa pangano ndi kusamutsa katundu kumakhala koopsa: wobwereketsa angalembetse mgwirizano, kapena wogulitsa angalengezedwe kuti wabankirapuse, chikalata chanu chisanalembetsedwe - kukusiyirani ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi wogulitsa wosakwanitsa kulipira ngongole m'malo mwa nyumba.

Lamulo la ku Netherlands limapereka chitetezo chapadera: kugula kokha kungalembetsedwe m'mabuku a anthu onse (art. 7:3 BW), sitepe yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Vormerkung . Ikalembetsedwa, zochitika zina zamtsogolo - kuphatikizapo zomangira ndi bankirapuse ya wogulitsa - sizingatchulidwe motsutsana nanu kwa nthawi yochepa, bola ngati kusamutsako kukutsatira mkati mwake. Sikochitika zokha: notary ayenera kukonza, malinga ndi mikhalidwe ndi nthawi. Ngati kufufuzako kukuwonetsa chomangira kapena ngongole ya nyumba yopitilira mtengo, funsani upangiri wosiyana nthawi yomweyo.

Malamulo oyeretsa ndalama, kuzindikira ndi kupereka malipoti

Izi zimadabwitsa kwambiri ogula akunja. Olemba ma notaire amagwera pansi pa lamulo la Dutch loletsa kusamba ndalama, Wwft (art. 1a Wwft), ndipo ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wofunikira wa kasitomala (art. 3 Wwft): kukhazikitsa ndi kutsimikizira umunthu wanu, kuzindikira mwiniwake wopindulitsa kwambiri pomwe kampani ikukhudzidwa, kukhazikitsa cholinga ndi mtundu wa ubale, ndikuyang'anira zochitika nthawi zonse.

Mwachidule, notary adzafuna zikalata zoyambirira za chizindikiritso ndikufunsa mafunso omwe angawoneke ngati akusokoneza: komwe ndalamazo zimachokera, momwe mudazipezera, chifukwa chake ndalamazo zimachokera kudziko linalake kapena akaunti, komanso amene amayang'anira kampani yogula. Yembekezerani kupereka malipoti akubanki, umboni wa kugulitsa katundu wina, chikalata cha mphatso kapena mbiri ya ntchito. Ndalama zochokera kwa munthu wina, kuchokera kunja kwa EU, kapena mwanjira yosafotokozedwa bwino zimakopa chidwi ndikuchedwetsa kumaliza.

Notary ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka wopereka malipoti a zochitika zachilendo ku FIU-Nederland, Dutch Financial Intelligence Unit (art. 16 Wwft). Notary sangakuuzeni kuti lipoti laperekedwa. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chaumwini kapena chomwe chingakambidwe: perekani notary akaunti yolembedwa ya ndalama zanu pachiyambi ndipo njirayi idzayenda bwino.

Chani Law & More angathe

Notary ndiye amene amasamutsa ndalamazo; ife timayang'anira udindo wanu mmenemo. Law & More Amawunikanso pangano logula musanasainire kapena nthawi yoziziritsa isanathe, amawunikanso momwe ndalama ndi kafukufuku zilili, ndalama zolipirira ndi chilango, ndipo amalangiza komwe kubwereketsa nyumba, bungwe la eni nyumba, mndandanda wa zipilala kapena wogulitsa amene ali ndi mavuto azachuma zimavuta. Timachitapo kanthu pamene zolakwika, kuchedwa kapena kulephera kumaliza kwasanduka mkangano. Ngati mukugula ku Netherlands ndipo mukufuna kuti zikalatazo ziwerengedwe ndi loya amene akuyimira inu nokha, titumizireni uthenga.