Ubale wa bizinesi wa nthawi yayitali suyenera kulembedwa kuti ukhale ndi zotsatirapo zalamulo. Izi zikutsatira chigamulo cha Rechtbank Midden-Nederland (Khoti Lalikulu la Netherlands) cha pa 22 Okutobala 2025 (ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2025:6129), chokhudza mgwirizano pakati pa wofalitsa magazini waku Dutch wokhudza magalimoto akale ndi kampani yofalitsa mabuku yaku Switzerland.
Maguluwa adagwira ntchito limodzi kwa zaka zambiri potengera zomwe adakambirana. Pamene nyumba yofalitsa nkhani ku Switzerland idathetsa mgwirizano usiku wonse, mkangano unabuka ngati izi zidaloledwa, popeza panali mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa. Panalinso funso ngati kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zomwe zidaperekedwa kale kunali kuphwanya ufulu wa olemba.
Khotilo linagamula kuti mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa kwa nthawi yosatha unalipo. Kuthetsedwa kwake nthawi yomweyo sikunali kovomerezeka ndi lamulo. Wofalitsa wa ku Netherlands anali ndi ufulu wolandira chipukuta misozi chofanana ndi nthawi yodziwitsa ya miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Komabe, zopempha za ufulu wokopera zinakanidwa.
Mgwirizano
Kuyambira mu 2010, kampani yofalitsa nkhani ku Netherlands yapereka nkhani ndi zithunzi ku kampani yofalitsa nkhani ku Switzerland kuti ilipire. Kampani ya ku Switzerland idagwiritsa ntchito nkhani zomwe zili mu magazini yake yokhudza magalimoto akale, ndipo pambuyo pake idasindikizanso zithunzi kuchokera ku mgwirizano womwe uli patsamba lake.
Poyamba, kampani yofalitsa mabuku ya ku Netherlands inkagwiranso ntchito yokonza mapulani. Pambuyo pake, mgwirizanowu unkaphatikizapo kupereka zinthu nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kupereka ma invoice a ntchitoyo.
Ulamuliro wa khoti la ku Netherlands
Popeza nyumba yofalitsa mabuku ku Switzerland inakhazikitsidwa ku Switzerland, khotilo linkayenera choyamba kuwona ngati khoti la ku Netherlands linali ndi ulamuliro.
Khotilo linagwiritsa ntchito Mgwirizano wa Lugano. Chipani cha ku Switzerland chinaonekera pa mlanduwo popanda kutsutsa ulamuliro wa khoti la ku Netherlands. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, khoti la ku Netherlands linaonedwa kuti lili ndi ulamuliro pa mlanduwu.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti khoti la ku Netherlands limakhala ndi ulamuliro pa mlandu uliwonse wotsutsana ndi kampani yaku Switzerland. Ulamuliro uyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kutengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Ndi lamulo liti lomwe linkagwira ntchito?
Khotilo linasiyanitsa pakati pa zopempha za mgwirizano ndi zopempha za ufulu wa olemba.
Kutha: Malamulo aku Dutch
Chigamulo chokhudza kuthetsa mlandu mosatsatira malamulo chinachokera pa mgwirizano pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Chifukwa chake khotilo linagwiritsa ntchito malamulo okhudzana ndi kusamvana kwa malamulo a Rome I Regulation.
Maguluwo sanasankhe lamulo. Pazochitika zotere, lamulo la dziko lomwe chipani chochita udindo wodziwika bwino limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pankhaniyi, ameneyo anali wofalitsa wa ku Dutch, popeza ndiye amene anapereka nkhani zolembedwa.
Choncho lamulo la ku Dutch linagwira ntchito pothetsa mgwirizanowu.
Malamulo a kukopera: Malamulo aku Switzerland
Poyambira ina panali zonena za kuphwanya malamulo okhudza kukopera. Izi sizinali zonena za mgwirizano, koma zonena zochokera pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezedwa ndi kukopera mosaloledwa.
Chitetezo cha ufulu wa olemba nkhani, makamaka, chimayang'aniridwa ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe chitetezo chikufunidwa. Kuphwanya malamulo komwe akuti kukugwirizana ndi tsamba lawebusayiti la ku Switzerland ndi magazini yolunjika pamsika waku Switzerland. Chifukwa chake khothi lidagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la ku Switzerland pankhaniyi.
Mgwirizanowu unali mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa
Khotilo linanena kuti mgwirizanowu unali mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa kwa nthawi yosatha.
Zinthu zotsatirazi, pakati pa zina, zinali zofunika:
- mgwirizanowu unatenga zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zinayi
- zisudzo zinkaperekedwa nthawi ndi nthawi
- mfundo yaikulu ya dongosololi inali yofanana kwa nthawi yayitali
- wofalitsa wa ku Dutch adapereka zinthu mwadongosolo
- chipani cha ku Switzerland chimalipira izi nthawi zonse
Posankha nthawi yoyenera yodziwitsira, nthawi ya mgwirizano, zofuna za mbali ina, ndi zotsatira za kuchotsedwa kwa mgwirizano zonse zimagwira ntchito.
Pankhaniyi, mgwirizano unatha usiku wonse. Nyumba yofalitsa nkhani ku Switzerland sinapereke chenjezo ndipo sinapereke chipukuta misozi. Malinga ndi khoti, poganizira nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito limodzi komanso zotsatira zake kwa wofalitsa nkhani ku Netherlands, izi sizinali zovomerezeka.
Khotilo linakhazikitsa nthawi yoyenera yodziwitsa ya miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Wofalitsa nkhani wa ku Netherlands analandira chipukuta misozi chofanana ndi ndalama zomwe akanayembekezera kulandira panthawiyo.
Zonena za ufulu wa olemba zinakanidwa
Khotilo linakana milandu yokhudza kuphwanya malamulo okhudza kukopera.
Chifukwa chachikulu chinali chakuti nyumba yofalitsa nkhani ku Switzerland inapitiriza kulipira ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nkhaniyi panthawi yolengeza nkhani zabodza. Pazifukwa izi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi panthawiyo sikukanaonedwa ngati kosaloledwa.
Kupezeka kwa makope akale pa intaneti sikunapangitse kuti zonenazo zitsimikizidwe. Wofalitsa wa ku Netherlands anali atadziwa za kugwiritsa ntchito makope akale pa intaneti kwa nthawi ndithu popanda kutsutsa panthawi yake.
Pa ntchito yophunzitsa, mfundo zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:
- lembani mapangano okhudza nthawi ndi kutha kwa ntchito mwa kulemba
- phatikizani gawo lomveka bwino lothetsera
- dziwani zomwe zimachitika pa ntchito zolipiriratu kapena zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika
- lembani ngati zinthuzo zingagwiritsidwebe ntchito mutathetsa
- kupanga mapangano okhudza kufalitsa ndi kusunga zinthu zakale pa intaneti
- lembani zotsutsa za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosaloledwa munthawi yake
- cheke, pankhani ya mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, lamulo liti ndi khoti liti lomwe limagwira ntchito
Pangano lolembedwa sililetsa mkangano uliwonse, koma limafotokoza momveka bwino zomwe maguluwo angayembekezere kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Kutsiliza
Mgwirizano wa pakamwa ukhoza kukula kukhala mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa kwa nthawi yosatha. Muubwenzi wa nthawi yayitali, kuthetsa ukwati popanda nthawi yodziwitsa komanso popanda malipiro kungasokoneze kumveka bwino komanso chilungamo.
Pankhaniyi, zimenezo zinapangitsa kuti anthu alandire malipiro potengera nthawi yodziwitsa ya miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Zopempha za ufulu wa olemba mabuku sizinatheke, chifukwa ndalama zinaperekedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panthawiyo ndipo palibe chitsutso chomwe chinaperekedwa panthawi yake chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito makina akale pa intaneti.
Phunziro lofunika kwambiri ndi ili: aliyense amene akufuna kuthetsa mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali sayenera kungoyang'ana ngati kuthetsa mgwirizano n'kotheka, komanso momwe kumachitikira komanso zotsatira zake kwa winayo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi mgwirizano woperekedwa pakamwa ungakhale mgwirizano wopitilira?
Inde. Pangano siliyenera kulembedwa. Ngati magulu asinthana machitidwe nthawi zonse kwa nthawi yayitali, mgwirizano ungachokere ku machitidwe awo. Kaya pali mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa zimadalira zonse zomwe zikuchitika: nthawi ya mgwirizano, nthawi ya machitidwe, kupatula kulikonse, komanso momwe maguluwo amadalirana.
Kodi mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa kwa nthawi yosatha ungathetsedwe?
Mwachidule, mgwirizano wopitilira pakamwa kwa nthawi yosatha ukhoza kuthetsedwa. Komabe, kuthetsedwa kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zanzeru komanso chilungamo. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, nthawi yodziwitsa, chifukwa chomveka, kapena chipukuta misozi chingafunike. Pa mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali, kuthetsedwa nthawi yomweyo popanda nthawi yosinthira sikungaganizidwe mosavuta.
Kodi kutha kwa ukwati kuyenera kulembedwa?
Si nthawi zonse. Kuthetsa mgwirizano, makamaka, kumakhala kopanda dongosolo, pokhapokha ngati magulu awiriwa agwirizana pa fomu inayake. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso cha pakamwa chingakhale chokwanira ngati chili chomveka bwino ndipo chikufika kwa winayo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri kuletsa mgwirizano mwa kulemba kumakhala koyenera, chifukwa kungalepheretse kukambirana za zomwe zili mkati, nthawi, ndi momwe mgwirizanowu udzathetsedwere.
Ndi khoti liti lomwe lili ndi mphamvu pa mkangano ndi chipani chakunja?
Izi zimadalira komwe maguluwo akhazikitsidwa, malo aliwonse osankhidwa, ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Pa mikangano ndi chipani chochokera ku Switzerland, Msonkhano wa Lugano ukhoza kukhala ndi gawo. Wotsutsidwayo akhozanso kuvomereza ulamuliro wa khothi lomwe lagwidwa mwa kuwonekera pamilandu popanda kutsutsa ulamuliro umenewo. Izi ziyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse pamilandu yonse.
Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati maguluwo akhazikitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana?
Pa zopempha za mgwirizano, malamulo a Rome I Regulation nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati maguluwo sanasankhe lamulo, lamulo la dziko lomwe mgwirizanowu uli pafupi kwambiri nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito, pomwe malo ogwirira ntchito angakhale ofunikira. Njira ina imagwira ntchito pa zopempha za ufulu wa olemba: kwenikweni, lamulo la dziko lomwe chitetezo cha ufulu wa olemba chimafunidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi zinthuzo zingagwiritsidwebe ntchito mgwirizano ukatha?
Izi zimadalira mapangano omwe adapangidwa ndi momwe zinthu zilili pankhaniyi. Pankhaniyi, zinali zofunikira kuti ndalama ziperekedwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yofanana ndi nthawi yoyenera yodziwitsira, komanso kuti wofalitsa wa ku Dutch wakhala akudziwa za kugwiritsa ntchito kwa digito kwa makope akale kwa nthawi ndithu popanda kutsutsa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zinthuzo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse mgwirizano utatha; ndikofunikira kupanga mapangano okhudza nkhani monga kugwiritsanso ntchito, kufalitsa kwa digito, kusunga zinthu zakale, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo poti zatha.
