Upandu wokonzedwa ndi kunyoza: momwe njira zoyesera zimakhudzira nzika wamba

Kwa nzika wamba, kulimbana ndi umbanda wokonzedwa kumatanthauza kuti mutha kukhudzidwa ndi njira zomwe zingakupangitseni kuti musamaganize kuti ndinu olakwa. Chitsanzo chofala kwambiri ndi mwini nyumba kapena mwini nyumba yemwe malo ake atsekedwa ndi meya chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo adapezeka kumeneko, ngakhale kuti sankadziwa chilichonse; chosiyana kwambiri ndi kutsekedwa komwe sikuli kofanana ndi momwe zinthu zilili pa moyo wanu.

Upandu wokonzedwa umakufikirani kudzera m'magulu atatu a malamulo nthawi imodzi: lamulo la milandu, lamulo loyang'anira ndi lamulo la anthu. Pansipa tikufotokoza njira iliyonse mwa izi, momwe zimalimbikitsirana, momwe kugawana deta pakati pa akuluakulu amagwirira ntchito, ndi zomwe mwiniwake, wobwereka kapena wamalonda angachite akakumana ndi m'modzi wa iwo.

N’chifukwa chiyani upandu wokonzedwa umakhudza anthu omwe si zigawenga?

Chifukwa akuluakulu aboma samangoyang'ana zigawenga zokha, komanso nyumba zovomerezeka zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito: nyumba, makampani, maakaunti akubanki ndi zilolezo. Njira zoyendetsera nyumbazo zitha kukhudza eni nyumba, eni nyumba ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe sanachite cholakwika chilichonse.

Malamulo a milandu angakufikireni motsatira Nkhani 140 ya Dutch Criminal Code ( Wetboek van Strafrecht , Sr) ngati mupereka malo, akaunti ya banki kapena galimoto kwa bungwe la zigawenga. Malamulo oyang'anira ndi komwe anthu ambiri amagwidwa: meya akhoza kutseka malo motsatira Nkhani 13b ya Opium Act ( Opiumwet ), ndipo akuluakulu aboma akhoza kukana zilolezo motsatira Bibob Act ( Wet Bibob ). Malamulo a boma ndi awa: kutseka kumapereka ufulu kwa mwini nyumba kuthetsa lendi motsatira Nkhani 7:231(2) ya Dutch Civil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek , BW).

Nthawi yocheperako mu njira yoyendetsera ntchito ndi yochepa. Chitsutso chiyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo chifukwa chakuti lamulo lotseka limayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, nthawi zambiri pempho lothandizira kwakanthawi limayenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.

I. Malamulo a upandu: kodi mgwirizano umakhala liti mlandu?

Kugwirizana kumakhala mlandu ngati mwadala mutenga nawo mbali mu bungwe lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchita zolakwa. Simuyenera kuchita zolakwa zimenezo nokha; kupereka zinthu zothandizira bungwe kungakhale kokwanira.

Kuchepetsa ulamuliro wa lamulo ( ondermijning ) kumayamba ndi kusokoneza dziko la zigawenga ndi chuma chovomerezeka. Zigawenga zimafunafuna njira zovomerezeka kuti zibise zochitika zosaloledwa kapena ndalama zotsukira.

• Bizinesi yochereza alendo ingakhale njira yoyeretsera ndalama zogulira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kampani yonyamula anthu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Ndalama zogulira nyumba zitha kugwira ntchito ngati chitetezo cha katundu waupandu.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mtundu uwu wa upandu uwoneke ngati wovomerezeka poyamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akuluakulu a boma amafufuzanso anthu ndi mabizinesi omwe ali pafupi ndi munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ndi wolakwa.

N’chifukwa chiyani Article 140 ya Criminal Code ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri?

Nkhani 140 imaletsa kutenga nawo mbali m'gulu la zigawenga. Netiweki yokha ndi yolangidwa, mosadalira zolakwa zomwe munthu aliyense wachita.

Ponena za malamulo okhudza milandu, Nkhani 140 ya Dutch Criminal Code ndiye chida chachikulu. Popeza bungweli limayang'aniridwa, wozenga milandu akhoza kutsata anthu omwe akutsogolera ntchito za milandu popanda kunyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa okha: woyang'anira mabuku, dalaivala kapena munthu amene amabwereka nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Kuti munthu apezeke ndi mlandu, wozenga mlandu ayenera kutsimikizira kuti munali m'gululi ndipo mumadziwa, mwachidule, kuti cholinga chake chinali kuchita zolakwa. Simuyenera kudziwa milandu yeniyeni yomwe idakonzedwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti amalonda azichitapo kanthu pazizindikiro zosonyeza kuti kasitomala kapena mnzanu wamalonda si amene akuoneka kuti ndi ameneyo.

Ndi mphamvu ziti zofufuzira zomwe zingakukhudzeni?

Wopanga malamulo wapatsa apolisi ndi Public Prosecution Service ( Openbaar Ministerie , OM) mphamvu zofufuzira milandu yokonzedwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira mwadongosolo, kuletsa mauthenga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito apolisi obisala.

Njira zimenezi sizimangokhudza anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi olakwa. Anthu omwe ali pafupi nawo, ogwira nawo ntchito kapena omwe akubwereka nyumba nawonso angaonekere panthawi yofufuza. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa malamulowa ndikofunikira kwa amalonda ovomerezeka.

Ngati apolisi akufikirani ngati mboni kapena akukupemphani kuti mupereke deta yanu, muli ndi ufulu wodziwa udindo womwe mukufikirani. Ngati mukukayikira, funsani upangiri musanapereke ndemanga.

II. Malamulo oyendetsera ntchito: bwanji ngati katundu wanu watsekedwa kapena chilolezo chanu chakanidwa?

Meya akhoza kutseka nyumba kapena malo amalonda komwe kumapezeka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo akuluakulu aboma akhoza kukana kapena kuchotsa zilolezo pambuyo poyezetsa Bibob. Palibe lamulo lililonse lomwe limafuna kuti munthu apezeke ndi mlandu.

Kodi kutsekedwa kwa oyang'anira ntchito kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Malinga ndi Nkhani 13b ya Opium Act, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Damocles Act ( Wet Damocles ), meya akhoza kutseka malo omwe mankhwala amagulitsidwa, amaperekedwa kapena kuperekedwa, kapena omwe alipo pachifukwa chimenecho. Ndi njira yoyendetsera, osati chilango chaupandu: palibe chifukwa chopezeka ndi mlandu.

Kutsekedwa kumeneku kumachitika kudzera mu lamulo lotsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu ( last onder bestuursdwang ) ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala kwa nthawi yokhazikika, mwachitsanzo miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Cholinga chake ndikubwezeretsa bata la anthu, kuswa mgwirizano pakati pa malo ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kufotokozera momveka bwino madera ozungulira kuti akuluakulu akuchitapo kanthu. Mawu a gawoli akupezeka mu Article 13b ya Opium Act.

N’chifukwa chiyani kutsekedwa kwa nyumba kungakhudzenso mwiniwake kapena mwini nyumba?

Chifukwa lamuloli likuyang'ana malo, osati kwa munthu amene amagulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumeneko. Mwiniwake kapena mwininyumba amakumana ndi kutsekedwa ngakhale kuti sakudziwa zomwe zikuchitika.

Mwininyumba amene amabwereka nyumba kwa wobwereka yemwe amagulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakumane ndi vuto la kutsekedwa kwa nyumbayo mwadzidzidzi, kutaya ndalama zobwereka komanso kudandaula komwe kungachitike. Ngati akanatha kuletsa nyumbayo, zimawunikidwa pambuyo pake, panthawi yotsutsa kapena apilo. Pamenepo, zomwe mwininyumbayo anachita kuti ayang'anire nyumbayo zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.

Kodi mayeso a kufotokozera momwe zinthu zilili amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Meya ali ndi ufulu wosankha: akhoza kulamula kuti nyumbayo itsekedwe, koma nthawi zina safunika kutero. Khoti la boma limaona ngati kutsekedwako kuli koyenera, kofunikira komanso koyenera, poganizira kuopsa kwa kuphwanya malamulo, momwe zinthu zilili kwa munthu amene wakhudzidwayo komanso zomwe anthu ambiri akufuna.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, makhothi akhala akuwunikanso malamulo otseka nyumba mopepuka. Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo ya Bungwe la Boma ( Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State ) tsopano ikuwunikanso kuchuluka kwa nyumba zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndipo imafuna kuti zofuna za munthu amene wakhudzidwayo ziganizidwe mozama: momwe zinthu zilili payekha, kuchuluka kwa mlandu womwe wapezeka komanso zotsatira zake.

Zigamulo ziwiri zaposachedwapa zikusonyeza momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito:

• In ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:2922 (16 Julayi 2025), Bungwe la Boma linavomereza kuti meya anali ndi ufulu wotseka nyumba chifukwa chogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma linanena kuti kutsekedwako kunali kosayenera kwa wokhalamo, yemwe anali ndi pakati kwambiri ndipo anali ndi ubale wapadera ndi nyumbayo. Lamulo lotseka silinali lokwanira.
• In ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:475 (28 Januwale 2026), Bungwe la Boma linavomereza kutsekedwa kwa miyezi itatu ngakhale kuti munthu wokhala m'nyumbamo anali pachiwopsezo cha matenda. Mankhwala ambiri amphamvu anapezeka m'zipinda zingapo, ndipo boma linapereka thandizo ndi nyumba zina.

Phunziro ndilakuti zochitika za munthu payekha zimayesedwadi, koma ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi kuopsa kwa mlanduwo. Mwiniwake amene mosakayikira analibe chidziwitso cha zaupandu ndipo ankayang'anira zinthu mwachangu ali pamalo osiyana kwambiri ndi amene ananyalanyaza zizindikiro zochenjeza.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zalamulo zomwe muli nazo zotsutsana ndi lamulo lotseka nyumba?

Choyamba mupereka chitsutso ( bezwaar ) kwa meya, mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati chitsutsocho chakanidwa, mutha kupempha khothi loyang'anira; pamilandu yachangu mutha kupempha woweruza woyambirira kuti ayimitse lamuloli nthawi yomweyo.

Kutsutsa si mwambo wamba. Kumakupatsani mwayi wofotokoza momwe zinthu zilili pa moyo wanu, khama lanu loyang'anira ndi mfundo zilizonse zofunika. Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:13 ya General Administrative Law Act (Awb) , mungathe kupita kukhothi kokha ngati mwapereka koyamba kutsutsa. Ndi bwino kukhala wathunthu kuyambira pachiyambi: kutsutsa ndi mwayi wanu wabwino kwambiri woti chisankhocho chiganiziridwenso.

Pa nthawi yachangu, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutseka mlandu kumakhala kofunikira, nthawi yomweyo mutha kupempha thandizo la woweruza milandu ( Nkhani 8:81 Awb ). Woweruzayo akhoza kuyimitsa lamuloli mpaka chigamulo chokhudza kutsutsa kapena apilo chikaperekedwa.

Kodi kuyesa kwa Bibob n'chiyani, ndipo kodi kumagwira ntchito pa zilolezo zokha?

Lamulo la Bibob limalola akuluakulu aboma kukana kapena kuchotsa zilolezo, zothandizira ndi mapangano ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu choti agwiritsidwe ntchito kuchita zolakwa kapena kupindula ndi ndalama zaupandu. Limagwiranso ntchito pazinthu zina zogulitsa nyumba ndi akuluakulu aboma.

Aliyense amene akufunsira chilolezo chochereza alendo m'boma lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Bibob angapemphedwe kuti apereke zambiri zachuma ndi bizinesi, mwachitsanzo zokhudza ndalama zomwe bizinesiyo imagwiritsa ntchito komanso anthu omwe ali kumbuyo kwake.

Chomwe sichidziwika bwino n'chakuti kuwunikira Bibob kungagwirenso ntchito pa malonda ogulitsa nyumba omwe bungwe la boma lili mbali: kugula katundu wa boma, mapangano obwereketsa kapena kubwereketsa malo kuchokera ku bungwe la boma. Kwa amalonda omwe akugwira ntchito pamsika wogulitsa nyumba, kapena omwe ali ndi mapulani okulitsa nyumba zokhudzana ndi katundu wa boma, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino.

Chisankho cha Bibob chingakhazikitsidwe pa mfundo zokhudza anthu omwe ali mu bizinesi yanu, osati pa khalidwe lanu lokha. Mutha kutsutsa chisankho chotere mwa kutsutsa ndi kupempha apilo, ndipo muli ndi ufulu woyankha zomwe zapezeka chisankhocho chisanapangidwe.

III. Malamulo a boma: kodi mwini nyumba ali ndi udindo wotani palamulo?

Kutseka nyumba kumapatsa mwini nyumba ufulu wothetsa lendi kunja kwa khoti. Nthawi yomweyo, mwini nyumbayo akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu ngati walephera kuyang'anira bwino nyumbayo.

Kodi mwini nyumba angathetse lendi pambuyo potseka?

Inde. Malinga ndi Nkhani 7:231(2) ya Dutch Civil Code , mwini nyumba akhoza kuthetsa lendi kunja kwa khoti akangotseka nyumbayo motsatira Nkhani 13b ya Opium Act. Wobwereka safunika kulephera kuchita chilichonse.

Kutsekedwa kwa nyumbayo ndi maziko okwanira alamulo, ndipo mwini nyumbayo safunika kudikira mpaka lamulo lotseka nyumbayo litakhala lomaliza. Khoti Loona za Apilo la Arnhem-Leeuwarden latsimikiza izi mu ECLI:NL:GHARL:2023:1291 (14 February 2023). Khotilo linagogomezera chidwi chovomerezeka cha mwini nyumbayo choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'nyumba mwake ndipo linavomereza kuthetsedwa kwa nyumbayo, ngakhale kuti mwini nyumbayo ananena kuti anali mlendi wabwino.

Komabe, wobwereka akhozabe kutsutsa kuthetsedwa kwa nyumba kukhothi. Pa milandu yapadera, mwachitsanzo ndi kuphwanya malamulo pang'ono kapena zochitika zazikulu kwambiri payekha, khothi lingaone kuti kudalira kuthetsedwa kwa nyumba sikuvomerezeka malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo.

Kodi mwini nyumbayo ali ndi udindo wokha?

Ayi. Lamulo lotseka nyumba silipangitsa mwini nyumbayo kukhala ndi mlandu malinga ndi malamulo a boma. Mfundo imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatayika pofotokoza za upandu wokonzedwa.

Khoti likuyang'ana zonse zomwe zinachitika. Kodi mwini nyumbayo ankadziwa za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyumbayo mwachifwamba? Ngati sichoncho, kodi akanadziwa bwino? Kodi ankayang'anira bwino, ndipo kodi anachitapo kanthu moyenera akalandira zizindikiro zochenjeza?

Mu lamulo la kayendetsedwe ka milandu yokhudza kutsekedwa kwa nyumba, Bungwe la Boma likuyembekeza eni nyumba ndi eni nyumba kuti aziyang'anira bwino katundu wawo. Kungonena kuti simukudziwa chilichonse sikokwanira. Mu ECLI:NL:RVS:2022:2443 (24 Ogasiti 2022), Bungwe la Boma linavomereza kutsekedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pomwe mwiniwakeyo adalandira kopi ya chizindikiritso cha wobwereka kudzera mwa munthu wina, sanakumanepo ndi wobwerekayo ndipo sanayang'ane kulembetsa kwake. Malinga ndi khotilo, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikungosonyeza kuti mwiniwakeyo ndiye ankayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito katunduyo.

Mwininyumba amene amafufuza mosamala wobwereka nyumbayo, kuchita kafukufuku nthawi ndi nthawi komanso kuyankha madandaulo ake polemba, ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuposa amene sanachite chilichonse atasaina pangano la nyumbayo.

Ngati mwini nyumbayo sangakwanitse, akhoza kutaya ndalama zobwereka komanso kulipira ndalama zokonzera yekha. Ngati ali ndi udindo kwa ena, mwachitsanzo mwini nyumba mnzake, wobwereketsa ngongole ya nyumba kapena munthu amene amabwereka nyumbayo yekha, anthu amenewo akhoza kumuimba mlandu chifukwa cha kutayika kwawo motsatira Nkhani 6:74 ya Dutch Civil Code ngati alephera kukwaniritsa zomwe adalonjeza pa pangano. Udindo kwa anthu ena, monga anansi omwe akuvutika ndi zochitika zaupandu pamalopo, ukhoza kuchitika motsatira Nkhani 6:174 ya Dutch Civil Code (udindo wa nyumba ndi nyumba zolakwika) kapena lamulo la milandu la Nkhani 6:162 ya Dutch Civil Code . Kaya pempho lotere lipambana kumadalira kwambiri zenizeni.

Kodi zigawo za mgwirizano zimakutetezani?

Malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika katunduyo mu lendi ndi omveka bwino, koma lamulo loletsa katunduyo lomwe mumayesa kuchotsa mlandu wonse pa zochita zaupandu za wobwereka lidzakhalapobe kukhoti mpaka pamlingo wochepa.

Pansi pa lamulo la ku Dutch, gawo loletsa kubweza silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zimenezo sizingavomerezedwe malinga ndi miyezo ya kulingalira bwino ndi chilungamo (Nkhani 6:248(2) ya Dutch Civil Code). Mu ECLI:NL:HR:2021:153 (29 Januwale 2021), mlandu wokhudza lendi yamalonda, Khoti Lalikulu linagamula kuti izi ziyenera kuyesedwa potengera momwe zinthu zilili pankhaniyi. M'malo mwake, kudalira gawo lotere pankhani ya cholinga kapena kusasamala mwadala nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi kosavomerezeka.

IV. Zachinsinsi: Kodi deta yanu imagawidwa bwanji, ndipo ufulu wanu ndi wotani?

Akuluakulu a boma akhoza kugawana deta yanu pokhapokha ngati pali maziko ovomerezeka ndipo kugawanako n'kofunikira komanso koyenera. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti deta yanu yakonzedwa kapena yagawidwa molakwika, mutha kupempha kuti muipeze, kuikonza kapena kuichotsa, ndikupereka madandaulo.

Kulimbana ndi umbanda wokonzedwa kumafuna mgwirizano. Maboma, apolisi, Unduna wa Zachipongwe, Unduna wa Misonkho ndi Katundu ( Belastingdienst ), Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Kufufuza (FIOD) ndi mabungwe ena amagawana chidziwitso kuti apange chithunzi chokwanira cha maukonde a zigawenga. Mgwirizano umenewo ndi wofunika kwambiri, komanso umabweretsa zoopsa pa chinsinsi cha nzika zomwe, nthawi zina mosayenereka, zawonekera.

Ndi malamulo ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawana deta?

Kugawana deta yaumwini pakati pa akuluakulu aboma kumayendetsedwa mosamala. Mapulani akuluakulu ndi General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) , Dutch GDPR Implementation Act ( Uitvoeringswet AVG , UAVG), Police Data Act ( Wet politiegegevens , Wpg) ndi Bibob Act.

Deta ingagawidwe pokhapokha ngati pali maziko omveka bwino alamulo ndipo kukonzako ndikofunikira komanso kolingana. Deta ya apolisi ikhoza kuperekedwa ku mabungwe ena okha m'mikhalidwe inayake, mwachitsanzo pamene pali chidwi chachikulu cha anthu onse ( Nkhani 19 Wpg ) kapena mkati mwa mgwirizano wosankhidwa womwe umagwira ntchito limodzi polimbana ndi umbanda waukulu ( Nkhani 20 Wpg ). Kugawana deta sikuyenera kukhala njira yokhazikika yoyendetsera: kuulula kulikonse kumafuna zifukwa zomveka komanso zowonekera.

Kodi mungatani ngati mukuganiza kuti deta yanu inagawidwa mosaloledwa?

Mukhoza kupempha akuluakulu kuti akupatseni mwayi wopeza deta yanu motsatira Article 15 GDPR , ndikupempha kuti ikonzedwe kapena kufufutidwa kapena kutsutsa kukonzedwako. Ngati zimenezo sizikupereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, mutha kusuma ku Dutch Data Protection Authority kapena, motsutsana ndi chisankho cha akuluakulu aboma, kutsutsa kenako ndikupempha apilo kukhoti loyang'anira.

Ufulu wanu si wopanda malire. Mu ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:903 (18 February 2026), ponena za malo akale a Tax and Customs Administration's Fraud Signalling Facility (FSV), Bungwe la Boma linanena kuti undunawu unapatsa munthuyo chidziwitso chokwanira kuti awone deta yake, ndipo ukhoza kukana kufufutidwa chifukwa detayo inali ikufunikabe kuti anthu afufuze za dongosololi. Khotilo limaunikanso ngati kukana kwa bungweli kuli koyenera.

Pa deta ya apolisi, malamulo osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa omwe ali pansi pa GDPR: Police Data Act ili ndi malamulo ake okhudza kupeza, kukonza ndi kufufuta deta. Mapempho a deta ya apolisi amapita ku gulu la apolisi lomwe likukhudzidwa.

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati mwini nyumba kapena mwini nyumba?

Kuwunika mosamala, kuyang'aniridwa bwino, ndi zolemba zolembedwa kumakuikani pamalo olimba kwambiri ngati malo anu atsekedwa. Bungwe la Boma likuyembekeza kuyang'aniridwa kotheratu, osati gawo lokhalo la lendi.

• Kodi mwatsimikizira kuti mwini nyumbayo ndi ndani, ndalama zomwe amapeza komanso kulembetsa kwake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhira yowonekera bwino yomwe ikufunika ndi Good Landlordship Act (?)Wet goed verhuurderschap) kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2023?
• Kodi lendi imalola kuti muziyang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo kodi mumachita izi molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna ndikuzilemba?
• Kodi mumayankha polemba madandaulo ochokera kwa anansi anu ndipo mumatumiza chenjezo kapena chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino ntchito ngati pali zizindikiro zenizeni za kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika?
• Pambuyo potseka malinga ndi Nkhani 13b ya Opium Act, kodi mukufuna kuthetsa lendi kunja kwa khoti malinga ndi Nkhani 7:231(2) BW?
• Kodi mwapereka chitsutso mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo ngati pakufunika, mwapempha woweruza milandu kuti ayimitse kutsekedwa kwa nyumbayo?

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati wobwereka nyumba, wokhalamo kapena wamalonda?

Mungakhudzidwe popanda kukayikira. Yang'anani udindo wanu mwachangu, chifukwa nthawi yomaliza mu malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ndi yochepa.

• Kodi meya wafufuza bwino za mavuto anu monga thanzi, ana kapena ubale wapadera ndi nyumbayo, ndipo kodi mungawatsimikizire?
• Kodi chitsutso chotsutsa chigamulo chotseka kapena cha Bibob chaperekedwa mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chisankhocho chaperekedwa?
• Kodi mwapatsidwa mwayi woyankha zomwe zapezeka mu Bibob musanapange chisankho?
• Kodi apolisi akukufikirani pa udindo wanji: ngati mboni kapena ngati wokayikira?
• Kodi mukufuna kudziwa kuti ndi akuluakulu ati a deta omwe ali ndi udindo pa inu? Pemphani kuti mupeze chilolezo motsatira Article 15 GDPR kapena Police Data Act.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi njira zothanirana ndi umbanda wokonzedwa?

Maloya athu oweruza milandu ndi maloya oteteza nyumba amalangiza eni nyumba, eni nyumba ndi amalonda pa nkhani yotseka malo, kufufuza Bibob, udindo wa mwini nyumba komanso kugawana deta.

• Timalemba ndikulemba chitsutso chotsutsana ndi lamulo lotseka kapena chisankho cha Bibob mkati mwa nthawi yomaliza ya milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
• Tikupempha woweruza milandu kuti apereke chigamulo cha kanthawi kochepa motsatira Nkhani 8:81 Awb.
• Timalemba zomwe mukuyang'aniridwa komanso zomwe mukukumana nazo kuti zitsimikizire kuti muli ndi chiŵerengero choyenera.
• Timathetsa mgwirizano wa lendi pambuyo potseka malinga ndi Article 7:231(2) BW, kapena timakutetezani ku kutha kotereku.
• Timawunikanso malamulo anu okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika komanso udindo.
• Timakuthandizani mukafunsidwa mafunso ndi apolisi komanso mukapempha kuti mupeze deta yanu.

Chidule

• Upandu wokonzedwa umafikira nzika wamba kudzera mu malamulo a milandu, malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ndi malamulo a anthu, nthawi zambiri popanda iwo kukhala okayikiridwa.
• Malinga ndi Gawo 13b la Opium Act, meya akhoza kutseka malo omwe amapezeka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso ngati mwiniwakeyo sakudziwa chilichonse; kutsekedwa kuyenera kukhala kofanana.
• Mukhoza kutsutsa kutsekedwa kwa nyumba mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndikupempha woweruza milandu kuti ayimitse.
• Pambuyo potseka, mwini nyumba akhoza kuthetsa lendi kunja kwa khoti motsatira Article 7:231(2) BW; eni nyumba akuyembekezeka kuyang'anira katundu wawo mwachangu.
• Kugawana deta pakati pa akuluakulu a boma kumafuna maziko alamulo ndipo kuyenera kukhala kofunikira komanso kolingana; muli ndi ufulu wopeza, kukonza ndi kudandaula.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI