Kunyenga ndi chinyengo pa intaneti: kodi banki yanu iyenera kubweza ndalama liti?

Kunyenga pa intaneti ndi milandu yokhudza chinyengo cha pa intaneti ndi milandu yokhudza milandu yokhudza milandu yokhudza kulowa kapena kusamutsa ndalama. Munthu wachinyengo amene amakunyengererani kuti mupereke zambiri zolowera kapena kusamutsa ndalama amachita zachinyengo (kuwononga) motsatira nkhani 326 ya Dutch Criminal Code, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalowa kompyuta popanda chilolezo (computervredebreuk) motsatira nkhani 138ab. Ngati ndalama zatuluka mu akaunti yanu popanda chilolezo chanu, banki yanu iyenera kubweza ndalamazo motsatira nkhani 7:528 ya Dutch Civil Code. Chosiyana chachikulu: banki siyenera kulipira ngati ingakuwonetseni kuti mwachita zachinyengo kapena mosasamala kwambiri. Kuthamanga n'kofunika, choncho nenani zomwe zachitika ku banki yanu ndikutumiza lipoti ku polisi mukangozindikira.

Kodi nchiyani chimawerengedwa ngati phishing motsatira malamulo aku Dutch?

Kunyenga anthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya phishing ndi chinyengo chomwe chimasonyeza kuti munthu ndi wakuba amene amaoneka ngati bungwe lomwe mumalidalira kuti apeze ziphaso zanu kapena ndalama zanu. Malamulo a ku Netherlands sagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti phishing, koma amalanga munthu amene akuchita zimenezo.

Wachinyengo anganamizire kukhala banki, kampani yolipira, kampani yotumiza zinthu kapena bungwe la misonkho la ku Dutch (Belastingdienst). Cholinga chake ndi kupeza ziphaso zolowera, tsatanetsatane wa khadi lolipira, khodi yotsimikizira kapena siginecha mu pulogalamu ya banki. Njira zosiyanasiyana: imelo, uthenga wa SMS (smishing), foni kuchokera kwa munthu amene akunena kuti akuchokera ku desiki yachinyengo ya banki (vishing), uthenga pa WhatsApp kapena LinkedIn, kapena tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe lasinthidwa kuseri kwa zotsatira zofufuzira zomwe zathandizidwa.

Malamulo angapo a Dutch Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht) angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi:

• Kudzionetsera ngati banki kuti munthu apereke ndalama kapena deta ndi chinyengo malinga ndi nkhani 326.
• Kulowa mu akaunti yokhala ndi ziphaso zopezeka mwanjira imeneyo ndi mwayi wosaloledwa malinga ndi nkhani 138ab.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito deta yodziwitsa munthu wina kuti avulaze kapena apeze phindu ndi chilango malinga ndi nkhani 231b.
• Kulemba zikalata zabodza kapena zolemba za digito kumagwera pansi pa nkhani 225.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika makadi olipira kapena deta yomwe ili kumbuyo kwake kumagwera pansi pa nkhani 232.
• Pamene kuukira kumathera pa mafayilo obisika ndi kufunikira kwa dipo, nkhani 350a (kusintha kapena kuwononga deta) ndi nkhani 317 (kulanda) zimayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kodi n’chiyani chimaonedwa ngati chinyengo pa intaneti?

Chinyengo cha pa intaneti ndicho gulu lalikulu: chinyengo chilichonse chomwe chimachitidwa kudzera pa njira ya pa intaneti. Mwalamulo, mitundu yambiri imadutsa mu gawo lomwelo, nkhani 326 ya Criminal Code.

Chinyengo cha pa intaneti chimaphimba mawebusayiti omwe amalandira ndalama koma osatumiza, mndandanda wabodza wa lendi ndi chinyengo cha ndalama zomwe zimamangidwa mozungulira ndalama za digito. Chimaphimbanso chinyengo cha invoice, momwe tsatanetsatane wa banki ya wogulitsa amasinthidwa mwakachetechete, ndi chinyengo cha CEO, momwe wantchito wazachuma amalandira malangizo olipira mwachangu omwe amawoneka ngati akuchokera kwa director. Chimake nthawi zonse chimakhala chimodzimodzi: chinyengo chomwe chimakakamiza wina kusiya ndalama, katundu kapena deta.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa phishing ndi gulu lalikulu ndi komwe kutayika kumachitika. Pankhani ya phishing, ndalama nthawi zambiri zimachoka mu akaunti yolipira popanda chilolezo chanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malamulo a ntchito zolipira omwe ali mu Buku 7 la Civil Code agwire ntchito. Mu chinyengo cha pa intaneti kapena ndalama, mumasamutsa ndalamazo nokha. Kubweza ndalamazo kumakhala nkhani yachiweniweni motsutsana ndi wachinyengoyo, ndipo nthawi zina, motsutsana ndi nsanja kapena banki yomwe idalandira ndalamazo.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji uthenga wa phishing?

Yang'anani zomwe uthengawo ukukupemphani kuti muchite, osati kalembedwe kake. Mauthenga amakono a phishing amalembedwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kukhala aumwini, kotero upangiri wakale wokhudza zolakwika za kalembedwe sukwanira.

Zizindikiro zitatu zimakhalabe zodalirika:

• Uthengawu umabweretsa nthawi yochulukirapo. Umakuuzani kuti akaunti yatsekedwa kapena malipiro adzabwezedwa pokhapokha mutachitapo kanthu tsopano.
• Zimakulepheretsani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zimakupemphani kuti mudina ulalo kapena kuyimbira nambala, m'malo motsegula pulogalamu yanu ya banki.
• Imapempha chinthu chomwe banki siimapempha: khodi yotsimikizira, siginecha mu pulogalamu yanu ya banki ya zomwe simunayambe, kapena chilolezo choyika pulogalamu yolumikizirana ndi kompyuta yanu.

Kodi mungabweze ndalama zanu kubanki?

Kawirikawiri, inde. Ngati simunavomereze kulipira, banki iyenera kubweza ndalamazo nthawi yomweyo, pokhapokha ngati mwachita zachinyengo kapena mosasamala kwambiri.

Kulipira komwe wolipira sanavomereze ndi kugulitsa kosaloledwa malinga ndi tanthauzo la nkhani 7:522 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code. Nkhani 7:528 ndime 1 imakakamiza wopereka chithandizo cholipira kubweza ndalamazo nthawi yomweyo ndikubwezeretsa akauntiyo momwe ikanakhalira. Poyambira, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndichakuti banki ndiyo imanyamula kutayika.

Kupatulapo kuli mu nkhani 7:529 ndime 1. Banki siyenera kubweza ndalama ngati mwini akauntiyo wachita zachinyengo, kapena mwadala kapena mosasamala kwambiri sanakwaniritse ntchito zomwe zili mu nkhani 7:524. Ntchito zimenezo zimafuna kuti mugwiritse ntchito chida cholipirira mogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zoyenera komanso njira zotetezera. Kusasamala kwakukulu ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuweruzidwa pazochitika zonse, osati pa mfundo ya kutayika kokha. Lamulo limawonjezera chitetezo china: pamene banki sinafunikire kutsimikizika kwamphamvu kwa makasitomala, kwenikweni simudzakhala ndi kutayika pokhapokha mutachita zachinyengo.

Kodi mungatani ngati banki ikukana kulipira?

Monga kasitomala, mutha kupita ndi mkanganowu ku Financial Services Complaints Institute (Klachteninstituut Financiële Dienstverlening, Kifid) kapena ku khoti la milandu. Kifid adzathetsa madandaulo anu pokhapokha mutamaliza njira yolembera madandaulo amkati mwa banki.

Anthu omwe ali ndi akaunti ya bizinesi ali pamlingo wosiyana. Amalephera kutsatira malamulo ambiri oteteza ogula ndipo amadalira kwambiri mgwirizano wawo ndi banki komanso malamulo onse okhudza ngongole. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka malipiro amkati mwa kampani kakhale kofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi mungapemphe chipukuta misozi kwa wachinyengo kapena bungwe losasamala?

Inde. Kumene wolakwayo wadziwika, mutha kubweza kutayikako ngati chochita chosaloledwa (onrechtmatige daad) motsatira nkhani 6:162 ya Civil Code. Chikalata chotsutsana ndi bungwe lomwe chitetezo chake sichili bwino chinapangitsa kuti chinyengo chichitike chikupezekanso m'nkhani yomweyi.

Polimbana ndi wolakwayo, izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mlandu waupandu. Malinga ndi nkhani 51f ya Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure, mutha kulowa nawo milandu yaupandu ngati munthu wovulala (benadeelde partij) ndikupempha khothi laupandu kuti lipereke chipukuta misozi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zachangu kuposa mlandu wina wapachiweniweni. Khothi lidzangoyang'ana mlandu womwe suika katundu wolemera kwambiri pamilandu yaupandu. Chifukwa chake, kutayika kwanu kuyenera kulembedwa komanso kuwerengedwa mosavuta.

Njira yachiwiri ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi bungwe lomwe chitetezo chake sichinayende bwino. Taganizirani za bwana yemwe bokosi lake la makalata linasokonekera, nsanja yomwe inalola wogulitsa kuti agwire ntchito popanda chitsimikizo chilichonse, kapena purosesa yomwe inatulutsa deta ya makasitomala. Muyezo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi womwe bungwe losamala liyenera kuchita, poganizira zamakono komanso kukhudzidwa kwa deta. Ufulu wa ozunzidwa ndi ziwopsezo za pa intaneti umafotokoza momwe misonkho yodziwitsa, malipiro ndi inshuwaransi zimagwirira ntchito pazochitika zimenezo. Umboni nthawi zambiri ndi gawo lovuta; nkhani yathu yokhudza momwe mungatsimikizire chinyengo cha digito imakhudzana ndi umboni womwe uli ndi mphamvu.

Kodi GDPR imafuna chiyani kwa mabungwe omwe akhudzidwa ndi phishing?

Kuukira kopambana kwa phishing pa kampani nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuswa kwa deta yaumwini. Bungweli liyenera kudziwitsa bungwe la Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens) popanda kuchedwa kosayenera, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, mkati mwa maola 72.

Nkhani 32 ya GDPR imafuna olamulira ndi opanga mapulogalamu kuti achite njira zoyenera zachitetezo chaukadaulo ndi bungwe. Nkhani 33 ili ndi udindo wonena za kuphwanya malamulo mkati mwa maola 72 kuchokera pamene adziwa, pokhapokha ngati kuphwanya malamuloko sikungabweretse chiopsezo kwa anthu okhudzidwa. Ngati chiopsezo kwa anthu amenewo chili chachikulu, nkhani 34 imawonjezera udindo wowadziwitsa mwachindunji. Kenako Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens ikufunsa zomwe zinachitika chisanachitike chiwembuchi, monga kutsimikizira zinthu zambiri ndi ufulu wopeza wochepa. Ndani amene ali ndi udindo pambuyo pa kuphwanya malamulo, amagwira ntchito momwe udindo umagawidwira.

Ndi ntchito ziti zofotokozera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa Cyberbeveiligingswet?

Kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, lamulo la Dutch Cybersecurity Act (Cyberbeveiligingswet), lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito NIS2 Directive, likugwira ntchito limodzi ndi GDPR. Mabungwe omwe ali mkati mwa udindo wake ayenera kunena za zochitika zazikulu pang'onopang'ono: chenjezo loyambirira mkati mwa maola 24, chidziwitso mkati mwa maola 72 ndi lipoti lomaliza mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.

Mabungwe omwe ali pansi pa lamuloli ayeneranso kulembetsa ku National Cyber ​​Security Centre (NCSC). Ayenera kutenga njira zosamalira zomwe zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zoopsa, chitetezo cha unyolo wogulira zinthu, komanso kusamalira zochitika. Bungweli liyenera kuvomereza njira zimenezo, kuyang'anira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikutsata maphunziro, kotero chitetezo cha pa intaneti ndi udindo wa oyang'anira osati nkhani ya IT yokha.

Maboma awiriwa amagwirizana koma si ofanana. Chochitika cha phishing chomwe chingasokoneze bokosi la makalata chingayambitse chidziwitso cha GDPR ku Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens ndi lipoti lina la zochitika pansi pa Cyberbeveiligingswet, pa nthawi yomaliza yosiyana komanso kwa akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Dziwani pasadakhale kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ikugwira ntchito ku bungwe lanu, komanso amene akuyimba foni nthawi ya 3 koloko m'mawa. Buku lathu lotsogolera pa ntchito zofotokozera za ngozi za pa intaneti limakhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yogwirizana.

Nanga bwanji ngati wachinyengo kapena ndalamazo zili kunja?

Mulimonsemo, lembani lipoti la apolisi (aangifte) ku Netherlands. Mlandu woperekedwa kwa wozunzidwa ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri umaonedwa ngati wachitika kuno, kotero apolisi aku Netherlands ndi wozenga milandu ndi omwe amayambira bwino ngakhale wochita zachiwawa ali kunja kwa dzikolo.

Umboni wochokera ku boma lina umapezeka kudzera m'njira zokhazikika. Mu EU, Lamulo Lofufuza la ku Ulaya limalola woimira boma la Dutch kupempha deta ya akaunti kapena kuyimitsa ndalama m'dziko lina lomwe lili membala; kupatula EU, Pangano la Budapest pa Upandu wa pa Intaneti la 2001 limapereka chithandizo chogwirizana.

Kwa inu monga wozunzidwa, izi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Kubweza ndalama nthawi zambiri kumadalira momwe banki yolandirayo ingadziwitsire mwachangu, chifukwa ndalama zomwe zatumizidwa kudzera mu akaunti ya nyulu zimagawidwa mkati mwa maola ochepa. Kupereka lipoti ku banki yanu nthawi yomweyo, kuti iyesere kubweza, kumakhala kothekera kwambiri kubweretsa zotsatira kuposa njira ina iliyonse yovomerezeka pambuyo pake.

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati mwini akaunti yachinsinsi?

Choyamba onani ngati mwavomereza nokha malipirowo, chifukwa zimenezo zimatsimikizira ngati Nkhani 7:528 ndi 7:529 za Dutch Civil Code zikugwira ntchito. Kenako kambiranani mfundo izi:

• Kodi munayimbira nambala yovomerezeka ya banki yanu yachinyengo ndikupempha kuti ibwezeretsedwe tsiku lomwelo?
• Kodi munasaina kapena kuvomereza zomwe mwachita mu pulogalamu yanu ya banki, kapena ndalama zinachoka popanda kuchitapo kanthu kalikonse?
• Kodi banki yapereka chikalata chokana ndi zifukwa, kotero mutha kuyamba njira yake yamkati yodandaulira?
• Kodi mwasunga uthenga woyambirira, mndandanda wa mafoni ndi maumboni a zochitika?
• Kodi mwalemba lipoti la apolisi (aangifte), lomwe makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi ndi omwe avulala pambuyo pake amafuna?

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati bungwe?

Onetsetsani ngati njira zanu zowongolera malipiro ndi njira zotetezera zingayang'aniridwe ndi Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, yomwe imayang'ana zomwe zinachitika chisanachitike chiwembuchi. Akaunti ya bizinesi ili kunja kwa chitetezo cha ogula, kotero kupewa kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri:

• Kodi kutsimikizira zinthu zambiri kumagwira ntchito pa akaunti iliyonse yomwe ingafikire deta ya kampani?
• Kodi kusintha kulikonse kwa banki ya wogulitsa kumatsimikiziridwa pafoni, pa nambala yomwe munali nayo kale?
• Kodi munthu m'modzi angathe kupanga ndikutulutsa ndalama, kapena pali cheke cha maso anayi?
• Kodi pali dongosolo lolembedwa la ola loyamba: ndani amapatula akaunti, amasunga zolemba ndikulumikizana ndi banki?
• Kodi mukudziwa ngati muli pansi pa Cyberbeveiligingswet ndipo muyenera kupereka lipoti mkati mwa maola 24?
• Kodi maphunziro a antchito abwerezedwanso chaka chatha ndi mauthenga enieni a phishing?

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mwakumana ndi vuto?

Lumikizanani ndi banki yanu kaye, kenako tetezani maakaunti anu, sungani umboni ndikupereka lipoti ku polisi. Chitani izi motere:

1. Lumikizanani ndi banki yanu kudzera mu nambala yake yovomerezeka yachinyengo ndipo pemphani kuti malondawo aletsedwe kapena abwezedwe.
2. Sinthani ziphaso za akaunti yomwe yawonongeka ndi akaunti ina iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi omwewo.
3. Sungani chilichonse: uthenga woyambirira wokhala ndi mitu yake, zithunzi, maumboni a zochitika ndi nthawi zomwe mudazindikira gawo lililonse.
4. Lembani lipoti la apolisi. Makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi amafuna lipotilo, ndipo ndilo maziko a chiwongola dzanja chilichonse pambuyo pake ngati munthu wovulala.
5. Ngati zambiri za anthu ena zavumbulidwa, fufuzani ntchito zodziwitsa anthu zomwe zili pansi pa GDPR ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, Cyberbeveiligingswet isanathe nthawi yomaliza.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi phishing ndi chinyengo cha pa intaneti?

Maloya athu a milandu ndi gulu la malamulo a IT (onani malangizo athu a malamulo a IT ku Dutch ) amachitapo kanthu kwa ozunzidwa ndi mabungwe pambuyo pa ngozi:

• Timayang'ananso kukana kwa banki motsutsana ndi Nkhani 7:528 ndi 7:529 za Civil Code ndikulemba madandaulo anu ku banki.
• Timakonzekera ndikutumiza madandaulo anu ku Kifid ndondomeko yamkati ya banki ikamalizidwa.
• Tikulemba chikalata cholembedwa cha mlandu wa munthu wovulala (vordering benadeelde partij) cha mlanduwu motsatira Nkhani 51f ya Code of Criminal Procedure.
• Timayesa mkati mwa maola 72 ngati kuphwanya deta kuyenera kunenedwa motsatira GDPR ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, Cyberbeveiligingswet.
• Timalemba madandaulo okhudza nsanja kapena bungwe lomwe chitetezo chake sichinayende bwino.

Chidule

• Chinyengo cha phishing ndi intaneti ndi chilango ku Netherlands, makamaka ngati chinyengo (nkhani 326 Criminal Code) ndi mwayi wolowa popanda chilolezo (nkhani 138ab).
• Pa malipiro omwe simunalole, banki iyenera kukubwezerani ndalama nthawi yomweyo (nkhani 7:528 Civil Code), pokhapokha ngati mwachita zachinyengo kapena mosasamala kwambiri (nkhani 7:529).
• Ngati bankiyo ikana, ogula amatha kupita ku Kifid pambuyo pa ndondomeko yamkati ya bankiyo yodandaula, kapena kukhoti la anthu wamba.
• Mabungwe omwe akhudzidwa ndi phishing ayenera kuwunika chidziwitso cha GDPR mkati mwa maola 72, ndipo ngati akuyenera, apereke lipoti motsatira Cyberbeveiligingswet (maola 24, maola 72, mwezi umodzi).
• Imbani banki yanu nthawi yomweyo ndipo lembani lipoti ku polisi: liwiro nthawi zambiri limakhala lofunika kwambiri pobweza ndalamazo.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI