Kufunsidwa mafunso ndi apolisi ku Netherlands: kodi ufulu wanu monga wokayikiridwa ndi wotani?

Apolisi akangokuchitirani ngati wokayikira, muli ndi ufulu waukulu wa zinthu zitatu: muyenera kuuzidwa zomwe mukukayikira, simukuyenera kuyankha, ndipo mutha kufunsa loya musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba ndikukhala ndi loyayo panthawiyi. Malamulowa ali mu Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure (Wetboek van Strafvordering, Sv) ndipo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito momwe alili kuyambira pa 1 Marichi 2017; chosiyana chachikulu ndichakuti ufulu wokhala chete suphimba umunthu wanu kapena umboni womwe ulipo popanda chifuniro chanu.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kuyankhulana komweko. Kuti mudziwe ngati mukakhala wokayikira, werengani ngati muli wokayikira komanso zotsatira zake ; kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire kuyankhulana, onani zomwe mungayembekezere panthawi yofunsidwa mafunso ndi apolisi.

Kodi ufulu wanu monga wokayikiridwa umayamba liti?

Zimayamba ngati pali kukayikira koyenera kuti mwachita cholakwa (Article 27 Sv). Simukuyenera kumangidwa: wokayikiridwa amene amabwera ku siteshoni mwaufulu ali ndi ufulu wofanana wodziwitsidwa komanso ufulu wofanana wokhala chete.

Akuluakulu ofunsa mafunso sachita kusiyana kulikonse. Apolisi, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, FIOD pankhani za misonkho ndi zachuma ndi apolisi ena apadera ofufuza milandu onse amagwira ntchito motsatira Malamulo Ofanana a Milandu Yaupandu. Ngati simukudziwa bwino za udindo wanu, funsani mafunso awiri: kodi ndikukayikiridwa, ndipo kodi ndili ndi ufulu wochoka?

Kodi apolisi ayenera kukuuzani chiyani musanachite kuyankhulana?

Asanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba, apolisi ayenera kukuuzani mlandu womwe mukukayikiridwa ndikukuchenjezani kuti simukuyenera kuyankha (Nkhani 29 Sv). Nkhani yomweyi imaletsa kukakamiza kulikonse komwe kumayang'ana pa mawu omwe saperekedwa mwaulere, monga ziwopsezo kapena malonjezo a zotsatira zopepuka.

Nkhani 27c Sv ikuwonjezera udindo wodziwitsa za ufulu wanu wokhala ndi loya, womasulira komanso kuti wina adziwitse za kumangidwa kwanu. Wokayikiridwa womangidwa amalandira kalata yolembedwa ya ufulu. Chenjezo losowa kapena lochedwa ndi vuto lomwe loya wanu anganene kukhothi.

Kodi ndi liti pamene mungalankhule ndi loya?

Munthu aliyense amene akukayikiridwa ali ndi ufulu wothandizidwa ndi loya (Article 28 Sv). Musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba, mutha kufunsa loya wanu kwa mphindi 30, zomwe apolisi angawonjezere mpaka mphindi zina 30 ngati atapempha (Article 28c Sv).

Momwe loya amakonzedwera zimadalira mlanduwo. Kwa wokayikiridwa wosatetezeka, kapena chifukwa cha mlandu wokayikiridwa wokhala m'ndende zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo, apolisi amadziwitsa Bungwe Lothandiza Amalamulo (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand) nthawi yomweyo kuti loya wogwirira ntchito apatsidwe. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa wokayikiridwa womangidwa chifukwa cha mlandu womwe umalola kumangidwa asanazengedwe mlandu yemwe wapempha loya (Article 28b Sv). Nthawi zina mumalumikizana ndi loya amene mungasankhe.

Mukhoza kusiya thandizo la zamalamulo, koma mwaufulu komanso mosapita m'mbali, mutauzidwa zotsatira zake, ndipo kuchotsedwako kwalembedwa (Article 28a Sv). Mutha kusiya kufunsa kokha pambuyo poti loya wakufotokozerani zotsatira zake (Article 28c(2) Sv).

Ufulu umenewu ukubwerera ku chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la Salduz (HR 30 June 2009, ECLI:NL:HR:2009:BH3079). Mu 2017 nyumba yamalamulo inalemba malamulo amenewa, potsatira malangizo a EU 2013/48/EU okhudza kupeza loya.

Kodi loya wanu angachite chiyani panthawi yofunsidwa mafunso?

Ngati mwapempha, loya wanu akhoza kupezeka pa kuyankhulana ndi kutenga nawo mbali (Article 28d Sv). Izi zimatchedwa thandizo la mafunso (verhoorbijstand), ndipo tsatanetsatane wafotokozedwa mu Chigamulo chokhudza momwe mafunso a apolisi amachitikira (Besluit inrichting en orde politieverhoor).

Loya wanu anganene ndemanga ndikufunsa mafunso koyambirira ndi kumapeto, angapemphe nthawi yopuma kuti akufunseni, ndi kunena kuti funso silikumveka bwino kapena kuti simukuyenera kufunsidwa mafunso. Apolisi angakane zopempha mobwerezabwereza za nthawi yopuma zomwe zingasokoneze kuyankhulana; kuti kukana kuyenera kulembedwa ndi zifukwa.

Pemphani thandizo la mafunso momveka bwino komanso mafunso asanayambe. Malinga ndi Nkhani 28e Sv, apolisi amatha kuyamba popanda loya pamilandu yofulumira, kuti apewe kuvulaza kwambiri moyo wa munthu, ufulu wake kapena umphumphu wake kapena kuvulaza kwakukulu ku kafukufuku, ndipo nthawi zambiri pokhapokha ngati wozenga milandu wa boma avomereza.

Kodi ufulu wokhala chete umafika pati?

Simungakakamizidwa kuyankha mafunso okhudza mlanduwu, ndipo simungalangidwe chifukwa chokhala chete. Mungagwiritse ntchito chiganizo chimodzi, mu Chidatchi ngati mukufuna: “ik beroep mij op mijn zwijgrecht”.

Kumanja kuli ndi malire atatu omwe muyenera kudziwa pasadakhale.

• Chete chingathandize kwambiri pa mlandu. Khoti silingaone chete ngati umboni wa mlandu, koma ngati umboniwo ukufuna kufotokozera momveka bwino, kusakhalapo kwake kungaganiziridwenso.
• Kudziwika ndi umboni weniweni sizikufotokozedwa. Muyenera kulemba dzina lanu ndikuwonetsa chiphaso chovomerezeka mukafunsidwa mwalamulo. Zizindikiro za zala, DNA yotengedwa pansi pa mphamvu yalamulo ndi zikalata zomwe zilipo sizili kumanja. Kukana kupuma kapena kuyezetsa magazi motsatira Road Traffic Act 1994 (Wegenverkeerswet 1994) ndi mlandu wosiyana.
• Mboni zili mu mkhalidwe wosiyana. Mboni ndiye kuti iyenera kuyankha. Ngati mutakhala wokayikira pamene mukukambirana, apolisi ayenera kuyima, kukuchenjezani ndikukupatsani loya.

Ufulu wokhala chete sumakulolani kusokeretsa. Kutchula dzina labodza kapena kusokoneza umboni ndi milandu ina yomwe imapangitsa kuti mlandu wanu ukhale woipa kwambiri.

Kodi apolisi angakugwireni kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mufunsidwe mafunso?

Pambuyo pomangidwa, wothandizira woimira boma (hulpofficier van justitie) amasankha ngati mumasulidwa kapena kusungidwa kuti mukafunsidwe mafunso (ophouden voor onderzoek). Malinga ndi Nkhani 56a Sv izi zimatha maola osapitirira asanu ndi anayi, kapena maola asanu ndi limodzi pa mlandu womwe suloledwa kumangidwa mlandu usanazengedwe; maola pakati pa pakati pausiku ndi 9 koloko m'mawa sawerengedwa.

Pambuyo pake, mumamasulidwa kapena kuikidwa m'ndende ya apolisi (inverzekeringstelling) kwa masiku atatu, omwe angawonjezedwe kamodzi mpaka masiku atatu. Pasanathe masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera pamene munamangidwa, muyenera kubweretsedwa pamaso pa woweruza milandu (rechter-commissaris), yemwe amawunikanso kuvomerezeka kwa kumangidwa kwanu (Article 59a Sv).

Nkhani 29a Sv imafuna kuti zolemba za kuyankhulana zifotokoze nthawi yomwe kuyankhulana kunayamba, kunasokonezedwa ndi kutha, komanso amene analipo. Kuti mudziwe malamulo onse okhudza kumangidwa, onani kumangidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa apolisi ku Netherlands ndi njira yaupandu ku Netherlands kuyambira kafukufuku mpaka chigamulo.

Ndi chitetezo chotani chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana aang'ono ndi okayikiridwa omwe ali pachiwopsezo?

Munthu wokayikiridwa wosakwana zaka 18 amathandizidwa ndi loya ndipo sangasiye kukambirana asanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba. Malamulowa amatsatira malangizo a EU 2016/800 okhudza chitetezo cha ana omwe akukayikiridwa.

Wokayikiridwa kuti ali ndi vuto la maganizo kapena matenda amisala, kapena wodwala kapena woledzera, sangathe kutsatira mafunsowo. Apolisi ayenera kukonza chithandizo, ndipo loya kapena dokotala anganene kuti kuyankhulana kuchedwe. Ngati simulankhula bwino Chidatchi, muli ndi ufulu wopeza womasulira woyenerera popanda kulipira kalikonse.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati apolisi aphwanya malamulo?

Khoti limaona kuphwanya lamulo ngati vuto la ndondomeko (Article 359a Sv). Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwake, khoti likhoza kuzindikira vutolo, kuchepetsa chilango kapena kuchotsa umboni; kuchotsedwa sikungochitika zokha.

Werengani zolembazo musanazisaine ndi kulemba zosintha (Article 29a Sv); simukuyenera kusaina. Madandaulo okhudza momwe apolisi adakuchitirani amapita ku apolisi kenako kwa National Ombudsman. Ngati mlandu wanu utha popanda chilango, mutha kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe mudagwira ntchito m'ndende motsatira Article 533 Sv mkati mwa miyezi itatu mlanduwo utatsekedwa.

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wokayikira?

Zolakwa zambiri zimachitika m'maola oyamba. Macheke amenewa amateteza udindo wanu musanayambe komanso panthawi ya kuyankhulana.

• Funsani ngati ndinu wokayikiridwa komanso mlandu womwe mukukayikiridwa.
• Pemphani loya musanayankhe chilichonse chokhudza mfundo zazikulu, ndipo loyayo akhalepo pa kuyankhulana.
• Lembani nthawi yomwe munamangidwa komanso nthawi iliyonse yofunsidwa mafunso; nthawi zomwe malamulo amakhazikitsa zimachokera pa nthawi imeneyo.
• Funsani womasulira ngati simukumvetsa bwino Chidatchi.
• Nenani ngati mukudwala, mukumwa mankhwala kapena simunagone, ndipo onetsetsani kuti zalembedwa.
• Werengani zolembazo mosamala ndipo zikonzeni musanasankhe ngati musayine.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati munthu wapafupi nanu wamangidwa?

Simungathe kupezeka pa zokambirana, koma mutha kuonetsetsa kuti wokayikirayo alandira thandizo mwachangu. Wokayikirayo ali ndi ufulu wodziwitsa munthu m'modzi za kumangidwa kwake.

• Dziwani kuti munthuyo ali ku polisi kuti.
• Perekani apolisi dzina la loya amene akuganiziridwa kuti akufuna, kuti loya ameneyo ayitanidwe m'malo mwa loya wogwirira ntchito.
• Perekani uthenga wokhudza mankhwala, thanzi kapena vuto la chilankhulo.
• Lembani masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu omwe woweruza milandu ayenera kuwonanso momwe mlanduwo unachitikira.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani mukafunsidwa mafunso ndi apolisi?

Gulu lathu la zamalamulo a milandu limathandiza anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi olakwa kuyambira nthawi yoyamba kuyimba foni, kuphatikizapo ku polisi.

• Tikukufunsani mafunso musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba ndipo tikuyesani mlanduwo.
• Timapita ku zokambirana ndipo timakana mafunso osayenera.
• Timafufuza mbiri ya kuyankhulana kwanu ndi kusungidwa kwanu ngati mwavomerezedwa ndi lamulo.
• Tikaonekera pamaso pa woweruza milandu akamafufuzidwanso za kusungidwa kwanu.
• Tikupempha chipukuta misozi motsatira Article 533 Sv ngati mlandu wanu utatha popanda chilango.

Chidule

• Monga wokayikira muyenera kuuzidwa mlanduwo ndipo muyenera kuchenjezedwa kuti simuyenera kuyankha (Nkhani 29 Sv).
• Mukhoza kufunsa loya kwa mphindi 30 musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba (Article 28c Sv) ndipo loya wanu akhalepo ngati mwamupempha (Article 28d Sv).
• Ufulu wokhala chete suphimba umunthu wanu, mpweya wanu kapena kuyezetsa magazi, kapena umboni weniweni.
• Kufunsidwa mafunso kumatenga maola osapitirira asanu ndi anayi, osawerengera pakati pausiku mpaka 9 koloko m'mawa; woweruza milandu wofufuza ayenera kuwonanso momwe mlanduwo ulili mkati mwa masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI