Kumangidwa kwa anthu asanazengedwe mlandu ku Netherlands, pang'onopang'ono

Ngati mnzanu, mwana wanu kapena wantchito wanu wangomangidwa kumene ku Netherlands, vuto lalikulu ndi kusadziwa zomwe zidzachitike kenako, kapena nthawi yomwe zidzachitike. Ndondomeko ya milandu ya ku Netherlands imayenda m'magawo okhazikika, iliyonse ili ndi wopanga zisankho zake komanso nthawi yake yokwanira. Bukuli likufotokoza magawo amenewo motsatira ndondomeko, komanso zomwe mungachite muli kunja.

Ndi Malamulo ati a milandu omwe amagwira ntchito masiku ano?

Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa zambiri zomwe mudzawerenga pa intaneti ndi zakale. Dziko la Netherlands lasinthanso njira zake zochizira milandu: malamulo okhazikitsa Wetboek van Strafvordering yatsopano adavomerezedwa ndi Senate pa 24 February 2026 ndipo adasindikizidwa mu Bulletin of Acts and Decreeds pa 13 March 2026 (Stb. 2026, 56 ndi 57). Koma kuvomereza sikunayambe kugwira ntchito.

Mu Ogasiti 2026, Malamulo atsopanowa sanayambe kugwira ntchito. Mlandu wa wachibale wanu ukulamulidwa ndi Wetboek van Strafvordering ya 1921 yomwe ilipo, monga momwe yasinthidwira. Malamulo onsewa amagwira ntchito limodzi pa tsiku limodzi, lomwe pakali pano likuyembekezeka kukhala 1 Epulo 2029 - cholinga osati lonjezo. Nkhani iliyonse ndi malire a nthawi omwe ali pansipa aperekedwa pansi pa Malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito tsopano.

Magawo ndi nthawi zawo zapamwamba kwambiri

Mzere womalizawo ukufotokoza kusiyana komwe mwina mwawonapo: masiku 104 amawerengedwa kuti munthu wamangidwa asanazengedwe mlandu, kusungidwa m'ndende komanso kupitiriza kumangidwa, pomwe masiku 110 amawonjezera masiku asanu ndi limodzi a kumangidwa kwa apolisi asanafike. Onse awiri ndi olondola.

Kumangidwa ndi maola oyamba

Munthu akhoza kumangidwa pamene wagwidwa akuchita izi, komanso pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri pamene si (arts. 53 ndi 54 Sv), kenako n’kubweretsedwa kwa wotsutsa boma wothandizira amene angasankhe ngati angamangidwe kuti akafunsidwe mafunso. Nthawi imeneyi ndi ophouden voor onderzoek (art. 56a Sv): osapitirira maola asanu ndi anayi pamene mlandu wokayikiridwayo umalola kumangidwa asanayambe kuzengedwa mlandu, maola asanu ndi limodzi pa milandu yocheperako. Chofunika kwambiri, maola pakati pa pakati pausiku ndi 09:00 sawerengedwa, kotero munthu womangidwa nthawi ya 22:00 akhoza kukhalabe pa siteshoni tsiku lotsatira popanda malire opitirira. Maola ena asanu ndi limodzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene dzina lake silingadziwike (art. 61 Sv).

Kusungidwa kwa apolisi: inverzekeringstelling

Ngati pakufunika nthawi yochulukirapo, woimira boma kapena wothandizira woimira boma akhoza kulamula kuti munthu alowe m'malo mwake (art. 57 Sv). Kukayikira kuyenera kukhala ndi mlandu womwe umaloledwa kumangidwa munthu asanazengedwe mlandu motsatira art. 67 Sv, ndipo kufufuza kuyenera kutero.

Kusungidwa ndi apolisi kumatenga masiku atatu okha , ndipo wozenga milandu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kamodzi mpaka masiku ena atatu ngati pakufunika thandizo lachangu (art. 58 Sv). Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku asanu ndi limodzi; palibe nthawi yowonjezera yachiwiri. Lamuloli lalembedwa ndipo munthuyo ayenera kumvedwa kaye. Amakhala m'chipinda cha apolisi, osati m'ndende.

Wosuma mlandu angaperekenso malamulo oletsa kukayikira. Womangidwayo akhoza kulankhulana ndi loya wake yekha: osamuyendera, osamuimbira foni, osamulembera makalata. Ichi si chilango kapena chizindikiro chakuti mlanduwo ulibe chiyembekezo; ndi njira yofufuzira, nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa mkati mwa milungu ingapo, ndipo loya akhoza kutsutsa.

Ufulu wokhala ndi loya, ndi momwe loya wogwirira ntchito amafikira munthu womangidwa

Wokayikiridwa ali ndi ufulu wothandizidwa ndi loya (art. 28 Sv). Ufulu uwiri ndi wofunika m'maola oyamba:

• Kufunsa mafunso musanafunse mafunso (Chithunzi 28c Sv): kulankhula ndi loya payekha musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba.
• Thandizo panthawi yofunsa mafunso (luso la 28d Sv): kukhala ndi loya m'chipinda choyankhulana.

Apolisi ayenera kudziwitsa woganiziridwa za ufulu umenewu ndikudziwitsa ndondomeko ya loya wantchito (art. 28b Sv). Iyi ndi njira ya piket : apolisi amatumiza piketmelding ku Legal Aid Board ( Raad voor Rechtsbijstand ), yomwe imapatsa mlanduwo loya woteteza milandu yemwe ali pantchito m'derali panthawiyo. Loya yemwe wapatsidwa ntchito ayenera kupezeka mkati mwa maola awiri kuchokera pamene adadziwitsidwa; ngati nthawiyo ikadutsa, kufunsa mafunso kungayambe pazifukwa zomwe lamuloli lapereka (art. 28b Sv). Loya wotumikira amafika pa siteshoni, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa maola. Banja siliyenera kukonza chilichonse ndipo silikupemphedwa kuti lilipire kuyitanidwa. Zomwe ntchitoyo imaphimba - nthawi yokambirana imalipidwa, komanso ngati zopereka zaumwini zimafunika akapatsidwa ntchito yovomerezeka ya mlandu wonse - zimakhazikitsidwa ndi Raad voor Rechtsbijstand ndikusintha ndi mfundo zake, choncho funsani loyayo poyamba m'malo moganiza kuti chitetezo chonse ndi chaulere.

Loya woyenerera ntchitoyo ndi woyenerera mokwanira, koma kugawika kumachitika ndi rota: banja likhoza kuphunzitsa loya wosankha nthawi iliyonse, ndipo kusinthako sikubweretsa tsankho. Munthu wamkulu akhoza kusiya ufulu wokhala loya pokhapokha atauzidwa zotsatira zake, kotero ngati wachibale ali pachiwopsezo kapena salankhula Chidatchi, kuwakakamiza kuti akakamize kuti achite zimenezo n'kovomerezeka. Womasulira ndi waulere.

Kuonekera pamaso pa woweruza milandu

Kusungidwa kwa apolisi sikungopitirira. Wokayikirayo ayenera kubweretsedwa pamaso pa rechter-commissaris , woweruza milandu, osapitirira masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu , kuyambira nthawi yomwe adamangidwa (art. 59a Sv). Malire akunja amenewo amalola masiku atatu a kusungidwa kwa apolisi pamodzi ndi maola asanafike: mpaka maola asanu ndi anayi a kusungidwa kuti akafunsidwe mafunso, ndi maola asanu ndi anayi ausiku omwe sawerengedwa.

Kumvetsera mlanduwu, komwe ndi voorgeleiding , ndi koyamba kuti woweruza aone mlanduwu. Ukuchitikira m'chipinda chaching'ono, osati m'khoti la anthu onse, ndipo loya alipo. Woweruza milandu akuwunikanso ngati kumangidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa apolisi kunali kovomerezeka, akulamula kuti amasulidwe ngati nthawi yoikidwiratu yadutsa, ndikusankha pempho la wozenga mlandu kuti asungidwe m'ndende. Si mlandu: mlandu suli m'nkhani. Okayikiridwa ambiri amamasulidwa panthawiyi.

Kubwerera: kusamala

Woweruza milandu wofufuza milandu akhoza kulamula kuti mlandu upitirire ku khoti pa pempho la wozenga milandu; wokayikirayo amamvedwa lamulo lisanaperekedwe ndipo akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi loya pa mlanduwo (art. 63 Sv). Ngati pempholo lipambana, wokayikirayo amasungidwa kwa masiku osapitirira 14 (arts. 63 ndi 64 Sv), zomwe woweruza milandu wofufuzayo sangathe kuziwonjezera. Womangidwayo amasamuka kuchoka ku selo ya apolisi kupita ku malo osungira milandu ( huis van bewaring ) omwe amayendetsedwa ndi Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI), komwe zinthu zimakhala bwino kwambiri: selo yoyenera, nthawi ya tsiku ndi tsiku, maulendo, telefoni ndi positi.

Kutsekeredwa mopitilira: gevangenhouding

Masiku 14 asanafike, wozenga mlandu angapemphe ku khoti la chigawo kuti apereke chigamulo cha gevangenhouding (art. 65 Sv). Izi sizimasankhidwa ndi woweruza milandu m'modzi koma ndi khoti lomwe limakhala m'zipinda ( raadkamer ), nthawi zambiri oweruza atatu, pamlandu womwe wokayikirayo ndi loya angakhalepo.

Kupitiriza kusungidwa m'ndende kumatha kuchitika kwa masiku 90 (art. 66 Sv), nthawi zambiri m'magawo otsatizana a masiku 30, kotero mlanduwo umabwerera kwa woweruza nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati munthu amene anamasulidwa kale wamangidwanso, lamuloli limaperekedwa . Malamulo, ndi kukana kuchotsa kapena kuyimitsa kundende, zitha kuperekedwa apilo. Lamulo la gevangenneming kapena gevangenhouding likhoza kuperekedwa apilo mkati mwa masiku atatu, pomwe bungwe lotsutsa milandu lili ndi masiku khumi ndi anayi kuti lipereke apilo motsutsana ndi lamulo lochotsa kundende (art. 71 Sv). Wokayikirayo akhoza kuchita apilo kamodzi, kachiwiri mkati mwa masiku atatu, motsutsana ndi kukana pempho lochotsa kapena kuyimitsa kundende (art. 87 Sv).

Zifukwa zovomerezeka zomangira munthu m'ndende asanazengedwe mlandu

Zopinga ziwiri zosiyana ziyenera kuthetsedwa zonse ziwiri.

Mlandu uyenera kukhala womwe umaloledwa kumangidwa

Nkhani 67 Sv imatchula izi: mokulira, milandu yomwe imayenera kuperekedwa ndi lamulo kwa zaka zinayi kapena kuposerapo, pamodzi ndi mndandanda wa milandu yaying'ono yomwe yatchulidwa. Nkhani 67 Sv imalolanso kumangidwa komwe wokayikirayo alibe malo okhazikika okhala ku Netherlands . Ichi ndichifukwa chake nzika zakunja ndi omwe afika posachedwapa nthawi zambiri amamangidwa kuposa anthu okhala m'dzikolo omwe akukumana ndi milandu yofanana - mfundo si dziko koma kusakhala ndi adilesi yokhazikika ya ku Netherlands.

Payeneranso kukhala zotsutsa zazikulu ( ernstige bezwaren ): kukayikira kolemera kwenikweni, kolimba kwambiri kuposa kukayikira koyenera komwe kumafunika kuti munthu agwire.

Payenera kukhala malo

Nkhani 67a Sv ikufotokoza zifukwa zake; chimodzi chiyenera kutsatiridwa.

• Kuopsa kwa ndege — chiopsezo chachikulu chothawa. Maubwenzi akunja, kusakhala ndi adilesi yaku Netherlands komanso kusakhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika ndi nkhani yofunika apa.
• Malo ochitira masewera a zaka khumi ndi ziwiri — mlanduwu uli ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndi Lamulo lalamulo lagwedezeka kwambiri ndi zimenezi. Miyendo yonse iwiri ndi yofunika; mphamvu yokoka yokha sikokwanira.
• Kuopsa kobwerezabwereza — chiopsezo chachikulu cha mlandu wina waukulu, makamaka mlandu womwe wachitika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo, kapena womwe ukuika pachiwopsezo chitetezo kapena thanzi la anthu kapena chitetezo cha Boma.
• Kuopsa kolepheretsa kufufuza — Kumangidwa n'kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu atsimikizire zoona zake osati kudzera m'mawu a wokayikiridwayo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chogwirizana: nkhawa ndi kusokoneza mboni, anthu omwe akukayikiridwa nawo kapena umboni. Zimafooka pamene kufufuza kukupita patsogolo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa choyamba cholephera.
• Malo othamanga kwambiri — Kutsekeredwa m'ndende n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mlanduwu uyambe kuweruzidwa mwachangu. Kumafuna kukayikira chimodzi mwa zolakwa zomwe lamuloli lalemba, chisokonezo cha anthu chomwe chimachokera ku mlanduwu, ndi kuweruzidwa mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera pamene munthuyo anamangidwa (art. 67a Sv).

Kuyimitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kumangidwa kwa anthu asanazengedwe mlandu

Kumangidwa sikukhazikika mukangolamula. Pali ma fomu awiri omwe alipo pa nthawi iliyonse:

• Kukweza (opheffing, art. 69 Sv): maziko alamulo atha — zotsutsa zazikulu sizikugwiranso ntchito, kapena palibe chifukwa chomwe chikutsalira.
• Kuimitsidwa (schorsing, art. 80 Sv): lamuloli likugwira ntchito, koma munthuyo amapita kunyumba pazifukwa zomveka. Iyi ndi njira yeniyeni nthawi zambiri; funsani loya wanu za nkhaniyi msanga.

Khotilo likuganizira za kupitiriza kumangidwa motsutsana ndi zofuna za munthu amene akuganiziridwayo: ntchito yomwe idzatayika, ana, maphunziro, chithandizo chamankhwala, lendi. Zinthu zomwe zalembedwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa chitsimikizo cha anthu onse, ndipo apa ndi pomwe banja limathandizira - kalata ya olemba ntchito, lendi, kulembetsa kusukulu, kapena kupereka adilesi yolembedwa.

Zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi monga kupereka pasipoti; kukanena ku siteshoni ya apolisi nthawi zina; kukhala pa adilesi inayake; kuletsa kulankhulana ndi wodandaula, mboni kapena omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi olakwa; kuyang'anira pakompyuta; kuyang'anira kapena kulandira chithandizo cha nthawi yoyesedwa; ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kupereka chitetezo. Palibe njira yopezera ndalama monga momwe zilili ku United States kapena England ndi Wales. Wokayikiridwa amene waswa lamulo angayembekezere kubwezeretsedwa m'ndende.

Mfundo ya masiku 104 ndi kumvetsera kwa pro forma

Kupitiriza kusungidwa sikungopitirira: masiku 90 asanafike — mkati mwa masiku 104 kuchokera pamene mlandu unayamba — mlanduwo uyenera kulembedwa kukhoti loyamba. Nthawi zambiri kufufuzako sikumatha, ndipo chotsatira ndi kumvetsera mlandu wa pro forma : kumvetsera mlandu weniweni komwe mankhwalawo sanayesedwe. Khotilo limawunikiranso momwe zinthu zikuyendera, limalamula zopempha zina zofufuzira, ndikusankha ngati kumangidwa kukupitirira, kenako limayimitsidwa. Kubwerezabwerezaku kumabwereza, ndi chigamulo cha khoti pa kumangidwa osachepera masiku 90 aliwonse. M'milandu yovuta, kumvetsera mlandu wa pro forma mlandu usanayambe kuweruzidwa ndi munthu wamba.

Kulipira chifukwa chomangidwa mosaloledwa kapena mopanda chifukwa

Ngati mlanduwu utha popanda kuweruzidwa kapena kulangidwa, munthu amene kale anali m'ndende akhoza kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe wakhala m'ndende (art. 533 Sv). Pempho lina limaphatikizapo ndalama za loya ndi ndalama zina (art. 530 Sv).

Pempholo liyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mlanduwu watha, ndipo lidzagamulidwa ndi khoti lomwe linathetsa nkhaniyi komaliza. Palibe ndalama zolipirira khoti. Malipiro amaperekedwa pazifukwa za chilungamo ndipo siwongochitika zokha ngakhale atamasulidwa, makamaka pamene khalidwe la wokayikiridwayo linapangitsa kuti munthu akayikidwe mlanduyo ayambe kukayikiridwa. Mitengo yokhazikika ya tsiku ndi tsiku imagwira ntchito, yokhazikitsidwa ndi malo otsogolera bungwe la oweruza milandu ya milandu (LOVS) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makhothi motsatira malamulo a 533 ndi 534 Sv: mu dongosolo la €140 tsiku lililonse m'malo osungira anthu omangidwa ndi €115 tsiku lililonse m'chipinda cha apolisi.

Zimene wachibale angachitedi

M'masiku oyamba, zochepa kuposa zomwe mungafune; kuyambira nthawi yobwerera m'mbuyo, zambiri.

• Kupeza mawu. Munthu womangidwa ali ndi ufulu wodziwitsa wachibale kapena munthu wina za kumangidwako (art. 27e Sv). Ngati pali zoletsa, izi zitha kungokhala pa mfundo wamba, ndikuchedwa. Ngati simunamve chilichonse, funsani loya, osati apolisi.
• Kuwapeza. Pamene apolisi akumusunga, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale akuwasunga; kuyambira nthawi yomwe akuwasunga, kupita ku ndende. DJI satsimikizira kwa anthu omwe akuwayimbira foni ngati munthu wotchulidwa dzina lake wasungidwa, choncho funsani loya.
• Maulendo. Bungwe lililonse limalola maulendo, koma makonzedwe amasiyana, choncho onani malamulo ake. Alendo azaka 14 kapena kupitirira apo ayenera kuwonetsa zizindikiritso; ana osakwana zaka 12 ayenera kutsagana nawo. Maulendo osayang'aniridwa a okwatirana amatha kuchitika pokhapokha patatha nthawi yayitali, popempha kwa bwanamkubwa. Malinga ndi malamulo, loya yekha ndiye angapite.
• Telefoni. Munthu womangidwa ali ndi ufulu woimba foni kamodzi pa sabata kwa mphindi khumi, nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri akamachita. Mafoni amapangidwa ndi munthu womangidwayo, osati kwa iyeyo, amalipiridwa ku akaunti yake, ndipo amatha kujambulidwa. Mafoni ndi loya amachitiridwa mosiyana.
• Post. Makalata ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yotumizira makalata m'masabata oyambirira, ngakhale kuti makalata amatha kufufuzidwa. Lembani nambala yolembetsa, dzina la banja ndi zilembo zoyambira pa envelopu.
• Ndalama. Tumizani ndalama ku akaunti ya womangidwayo ndi DJI Shared Service Centre, mulembe nambala yolembetsa, dzina la banja ndi zilembo zoyambira motsatira ndondomeko imeneyo — popanda tsatanetsatane umenewo sizingagawidwe. Kuchokera kunja, gwiritsani ntchito BIC INGBNL2A. Womangidwayo akhoza kukhala ndi ndalama zosachepera €250, zomwe zimalipira mafoni ndi kugula m'sitolo.
• Kazembe. Mzika yakunja ili ndi ufulu wodziwitsa akuluakulu a boma la dziko lawo. Mabungwe a boma sangalowererepo, kupeza mamasulidwe kapena kulipira loya, koma akhoza kupita kukawona ngati zinthu zili bwino, ndikutumiza mauthenga kwa mabanja akunja.

Ngati womangidwayo ndi nzika yakunja

Kumangidwa n'kosavuta. Nkhani 67 Sv imalola munthu kumangidwa asanazengedwe mlandu pomwe wokayikiridwayo alibe malo okhazikika okhala ku Netherlands, ndipo kusowa kwa adilesi yokhazikika kumawonjezera chiopsezo chothawa. Munthu wina pano kwa milungu ingapo akukumana ndi mwayi waukulu womangidwa kuposa munthu wokhala nthawi yayitali pa mlandu womwewo. Chifukwa chake, umboni wa adilesi yokhazikika ya ku Netherlands, kulembetsa kwa boma, mgwirizano wantchito ndi ubale wabanja ndiye mfundo yaikulu yotsutsa kumangidwa.

Chilankhulo. Kutanthauzira pa mafunso ndi milandu, komanso kumasulira zikalata zofunika, zimaperekedwa pamtengo wa Boma. Uzani loya nthawi yomweyo ngati wachibale wanu anafunsidwa mafunso m'chilankhulo chomwe sachidziwa bwino.

Zotsatira za kusamuka kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina. Kumangidwa kwa munthu asanazengedwe mlandu sikuthetsa ufulu wokhala. Kupezeka ndi mlandu kungatheke. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi chilolezo aweruzidwa, IND ikhoza kukana kukonzanso kapena kuchotsa chilolezocho pazifukwa za malamulo aboma, pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo yotsika yoyezera kutalika kwa chilango poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa kukhala movomerezeka: kukhala movomerezeka kukakhala kotalika, chilangocho chiyenera kukhala cholemera kwambiri. Nzika za EU ndi abale awo ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri pansi pa lamulo lodziyimira pawokha. Munthu wopanda malo okhala movomerezeka anganenedwe kuti ndi wosafunika kapena kupatsidwa chiletso cholowera, ndipo kuchotsedwako kungatsatire chigamulocho. Kumangidwa kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi njira yosiyana ndi kusungidwa kwa zigawenga, m'malo osungira anthu odzipereka. Sikelo yotsika ndi tebulo la malire mu Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000 ndipo imasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi; chifukwa kuwonetsedwa kumatembenukira pa gulu lomwe chigamulo chimagwera, tebulo lomwe lilipo liyenera kuwerengedwa musanavomereze kapena kuvomereza mgwirizano, osati pambuyo pa chigamulo.

Ngati mlandu uli ndi milandu yonse ya upandu ndi kusamukira kudziko lina, zonsezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pamodzi: chiganizo chomwe chikuwoneka chovomerezeka pa mlandu waupandu wokha chingakhale chinthu chomwe chimatengera munthu chilolezo chake chokhala.