Kumangidwa musanayambe kuzengedwa mlandu ku Netherlands: kodi mungakhale m'ndende kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pambuyo pomangidwa ku Netherlands, wokayikirayo akhoza kusungidwa ndi apolisi kwa masiku pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi, ayenera kuonana ndi woweruza milandu mkati mwa masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu, kenako akhoza kusungidwa m'ndende asanayambe mlandu kwa masiku 104 mlandu usanabwere kukhothi. Mwachidule, okayikira ambiri amamasulidwa msanga, kaya pakuwunika koyamba kwa khothi kapena pazifukwa zina.

Each stage of Dutch criminal procedure has its own decision-maker and its own maximum period under the Code of Criminal Procedure (Wetboek van Strafvordering, Sv). Below you find those stages in order, and what you can do as a family member or employer.

Ndi malamulo ati a milandu omwe amagwira ntchito masiku ano?

The current Code of Criminal Procedure of 1921, as amended, still applies. A new code has been adopted, but it is not yet in force.

The new code has been published in the Bulletin of Acts and Decrees (Staatsblad), but the government has repeatedly postponed its entry into force. Until then, all articles and time limits below refer to the existing code, so check the date of anything you read online.

Kodi magawo ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Gome ili m'munsimu likupereka chithunzithunzi. Gawo lililonse lafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Mzere womaliza ukufotokoza kusiyana komwe mungakumane nako. Masiku 104 amawerengedwa kuti munthu wamangidwa asanazengedwe mlandu, monga kusungidwa m'ndende komanso kupitiriza kumangidwa, pomwe chiwerengero cha masiku pafupifupi 110 chikuphatikizaponso masiku asanu ndi limodzi omwe apolisi asanayambe kumangidwa. Onse awiri ndi olondola.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'maola oyamba munthu atamangidwa?

Munthu akhoza kumangidwa akagwidwa akuchita izi, ndipo pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, komanso kunja kwa mkhalidwewo (Nkhani 53 ndi 54 Sv). Wokayikirayo amabweretsedwa pamaso pa wothandizira woimira boma (hulpofficier van justitie), yemwe amasankha ngati wokayikirayo angamangidwe kuti akafunsidwe mafunso.

Kumangidwa kumeneku kuti munthu akafunsidwe mafunso (ophouden voor onderzoek) kumatenga maola osapitirira asanu ndi anayi ngati mlandu womwe ukuganiziridwayo umalola munthu kukhala m'ndende asanayambe kuzengedwa mlandu, komanso maola asanu ndi limodzi pa milandu yocheperako (Article 56a Sv). Maola pakati pa pakati pausiku ndi naini m'mawa sawerengedwa. Chifukwa chake, munthu womangidwa nthawi ya 10 koloko madzulo akhoza kukhalabe ku polisi mpaka tsiku lotsatira popanda malire opitirira.

If the suspect’s identity cannot be established, the law allows a single extension of up to six hours.

Kodi apolisi angasunge munthu m'ndende liti?

Ngati pakufunika nthawi yochulukirapo kuti kafukufuku achitike, woimira boma kapena wothandizira woimira boma akhoza kulamula kuti apolisi asunge (inverzekeringstelling) motsatira Nkhani 57 Sv. Izi zimatheka kokha pa mlandu womwe kumangidwa kwa munthu asanazengedwe mlandu kumaloledwa motsatira Nkhani 67 Sv, komanso pokhapokha ngati kufufuzako kukufuna.

Kusungidwa kwa apolisi kumatenga masiku osapitirira atatu. Ngati pakufunika thandizo lachangu, wozenga milandu akhoza kuwonjezera nthawiyo kamodzi mpaka masiku atatu (Article 58 Sv). Chifukwa chake, nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Lamuloli limaperekedwa polemba, wokayikirayo ayenera kumvedwa kaye, ndipo wokayikirayo amakhala m'chipinda cha apolisi, osati m'ndende.

Wosuma mlandu akhozanso kupereka ziletso (beperkingen). Womangidwayo sangalankhule ndi wina aliyense kupatula loya: osamuyendera, osamuimbira foni kapena makalata. Iyi ndi njira yofufuzira, si chilango kapena chizindikiro chakuti mlanduwo ulibe chiyembekezo. Ziletso nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa mkati mwa milungu ingapo, ndipo loya akhoza kuzitsutsa.

Kodi munthu amene akukayikira amapeza loya liti?

Nthawi yomweyo. Wokayikiridwa ali ndi ufulu wofunsa loya payekha asanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba ndi apolisi (Article 28c Sv) komanso kukhala ndi loya panthawi yoyankhulana (Article 28d Sv).

Apolisi ayenera kudziwitsa wokayikiridwa za ufulu umenewu ndikudziwitsa dongosolo la loya wogwirira ntchito (Article 28b Sv). Kudzera mu dongosololi, Bungwe Lothandiza Amalamulo (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand) limapatsa mlanduwo loya woteteza milandu yemwe ali pantchito m'derali panthawiyo. Loya wosankhidwayo ayenera kupezeka mkati mwa maola awiri kuchokera pamene adadziwitsidwa, pambuyo pake mafunso angayambe malinga ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Banja siliyenera kukonza chilichonse ndipo sililipidwa chifukwa cha ulendo woyamba uwu.

Ntchito yomwe pambuyo pake imaphimbidwa ndi thandizo la zamalamulo, komanso ngati chopereka chaumwini chiyenera kulipidwa akapatsidwa ntchito yovomerezeka pa mlandu wonse, zimadalira malamulo a Bungwe Lothandiza Zamalamulo komanso ndalama zomwe wokayikirayo amapeza. Funsani loya za izi poyamba, m'malo moganiza kuti chitetezo chonse ndi chaulere.

Loya woyenerera ntchitoyo ndi woyenerera mokwanira, koma amapatsidwa ntchito ndi rota. Banja likhoza kuphunzitsa loya wosankha nthawi iliyonse, ndipo kusintha maloya sikubweretsa vuto lililonse. Munthu wamkulu akhoza kungosiya ufulu wokhala loya atadziwitsidwa za zotsatira zake. Ngati wachibale wanu ndi wosatetezeka kapena salankhula bwino Chidatchi, ndi bwino kuwalimbikitsa kuti akakamize loya. Womasulira nthawi zonse amaperekedwa kwaulere.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani pa mlandu womwe ukuchitika pamaso pa woweruza milandu?

Wokayikirayo ayenera kubweretsedwa pamaso pa woweruza milandu (rechter-commissaris) pasanathe masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera pamene anamangidwa (Article 59a Sv). Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti woweruza ayang'ane mlanduwu.

Kumvetsera mlanduwu (voorgeleiding) kumachitika m'chipinda chaching'ono, osati m'khoti la anthu onse, ndipo loya alipo. Woweruza milandu wofufuzayo amawunikanso ngati kumangidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa apolisi kunali kovomerezeka, amalamula kuti amasulidwe ngati nthawi yoikidwiratu yadutsa, ndikusankha pempho la wotsutsa kuti asungidwe m'ndende. Si mlandu: mlandu si nkhani. Okayikiridwa ambiri amamasulidwa panthawiyi.

Kodi kusungidwa m'ndende kungakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Woweruza milandu wofufuza milandu akhoza kulamula kuti mlanduwo ukhale m'ndende kwa masiku osapitirira 14 malinga ndi pempho la wozenga milandu (Nkhani 63 ndi 64 Sv). Wokayikirayo ndiye amene amamvedwa koyamba ndipo angathandizidwe ndi loya pa mlanduwo, ndipo woweruza milandu wofufuza milanduyo sangawonjezere masiku 14.

Kenako womangidwayo amasamuka kuchoka ku chipinda cha apolisi kupita ku malo osungiramo akaidi (huis van bewaring) omwe amayendetsedwa ndi Custodial Institutions Agency (Dienst Justitiële Inrichtingen, DJI). Zinthu kumeneko zimakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa m'chipinda cha apolisi: chipinda choyenera, pulogalamu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, maulendo, kuyimba foni ndi positi.

Kodi khoti lidzapereka chigamulo liti chopitiriza kumangidwa?

Masiku 14 a kumangidwa asanathe, wozenga mlandu akhoza kupempha khoti la chigawo kuti lilamule kuti apitirize kumangidwa (gevangenhouding) motsatira Nkhani 65 Sv. Izi zimasankhidwa ndi khoti lomwe lili m'zipinda (raadkamer), nthawi zambiri oweruza atatu, pamlandu womwe wokayikirayo ndi loya angakhalepo.

Kupitiriza kumangidwa kungatenge masiku 90 (Article 66 Sv), nthawi zambiri m'masiku otsatizana mpaka 30, kotero kuti mlanduwo umabwerera kwa woweruza nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati munthu amene wamasulidwa wamangidwanso, lamuloli limatchedwa gevangenneming.

Wokayikirayo akhoza kupempha apilo motsutsana ndi lamulo la gevangenneming kapena gevangenhouding mkati mwa masiku atatu; bungwe lotsutsa milandu lili ndi masiku khumi ndi anayi kuti apemphe apilo motsutsana ndi lamulo lochotsa kumangidwa (Article 71 Sv). Wokayikirayo akhozanso kupempha apilo kamodzi, mkati mwa masiku atatu, motsutsana ndi kukana pempho lochotsa kapena kuyimitsa kumangidwa (Article 87 Sv).

Kodi ndi pazifukwa ziti zomwe munthu angalamulire kuti amangidwe asanazengedwe mlandu?

Zinthu ziwiri zosiyana ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa: mlanduwo uyenera kukhala womwe umaloleza kumangidwa, ndipo payenera kukhala chifukwa chimodzi chovomerezeka ndi lamulo. Kuphatikiza apo, payenera kukhala zotsutsa zazikulu motsutsana ndi wokayikiridwayo.

Kodi kumangidwa kumaloledwa chifukwa cha mlanduwu?

Nkhani 67 Sv imalemba milandu. Mwambiri, milandu iyi ndi yomwe imayikidwa m'ndende zaka zinayi kapena kuposerapo, pamodzi ndi mndandanda wa milandu yaying'ono yomwe yatchulidwa. Kumangidwa kumaloledwanso pa mlandu uliwonse womwe ungalangidwe ndi kumangidwa ngati wokayikiridwayo alibe malo okhazikika okhala ku Netherlands.

Payeneranso kukhala zotsutsa zazikulu (ernstige bezwaren): kukayikira kolemera kwenikweni, komveka bwino kuposa kukayikira koyenera komwe kumafunika pomanga munthu.

Ndi mfundo iti yomwe ikugwira ntchito?

Nkhani 67a Sv ikufotokoza zifukwa zake, ndipo chimodzi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Chiwopsezo chothawa: chiopsezo chachikulu choti woganiziridwayo athawa. Maubwenzi akunja, kusakhala ndi adilesi yaku Netherlands komanso kusakhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika ndizovuta kwambiri pano.
• Chifukwa cha zaka khumi ndi ziwiri: mlanduwo uli ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo, ndipo lamulo la boma lagwedezeka kwambiri ndi mlanduwo. Zinthu zonsezi ndizofunikira; kuopsa kwa mlanduwo kokha sikokwanira.
• Kuopsa kobwerezabwereza: chiopsezo chachikulu chakuti wokayikiridwayo adzachita mlandu waukulu womwe ungatenge zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo, kapena chiopsezo chomwe chingaike chitetezo kapena thanzi la anthu pachiwopsezo.
• Kuopsa kolepheretsa kufufuza: Kumangidwa ndikofunikira kuti munthu apeze chowonadi kupatula kudzera m'mawu a wokayikirayo. Chifukwa ichi chikukhudza kusokoneza mboni, anthu omwe akuganiziridwa nawo kapena umboni. Chimafooka pamene kufufuza kukupita patsogolo ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa choyamba cholephera.
• The fast-track ground: detention is reasonably necessary to bring the case to trial quickly, and the trial will take place within 17 days and 18 hours of the arrest (Article 67a(2)(4°) Sv). This requires a suspicion of one of the offences listed in the provision, public unrest caused by the offence, and a trial within the short period the law sets after the arrest.

Kodi kumangidwa kungachotsedwe kapena kuyimitsidwa?

Inde, nthawi iliyonse. Loya akhoza kupempha kuti kumangidwako kuchotsedwe kapena, nthawi zambiri, kuyimitsidwa malinga ndi zifukwa zina.

Kukweza (opheffing, Article 69 Sv) n'koyenera pamene maziko alamulo atha: zotsutsa zazikulu sizikugwiranso ntchito, kapena palibe chifukwa chotsalira. Kuyimitsa (schorsing, Article 80 Sv) kumasiya lamulo lomusunga, koma wokayikiridwayo amapita kunyumba malinga ndi zifukwa. Nthawi zambiri kuyimitsa ndiye ntchito yeniyeni, choncho funsani loya za izi msanga.

Khotilo likuganizira kufunika kopitiriza kumangidwa motsutsana ndi zofuna za munthu amene akuganiziridwayo, monga ntchito yomwe idzatayika, ana, maphunziro, chithandizo chamankhwala kapena lendi. Mfundo zolembedwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa chitsimikizo cha anthu onse. Apa ndi pomwe banja lingathandize, ndi kalata ya abwana, pangano la lendi, umboni wa kulembetsa kusukulu kapena kupereka adilesi yolembedwa.

Zinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupereka pasipoti, kukanena ku polisi nthawi zina, kukhala pa adilesi inayake, kuletsa kulankhulana ndi wodandaula, mboni kapena anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe akuwakayikira, kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu pa intaneti, kuyang'aniridwa ndi bungwe loyang'anira milandu, komanso nthawi zina kupereka chitetezo. Palibe njira yopezera ndalama monga momwe zilili ku United States kapena England ndi Wales. Wokayikiridwa amene waphwanya lamulo angayembekezere kubwezeretsedwa m'ndende.

Kodi kumvetsera kwa pro forma n'chiyani?

Kumvetsera mlandu wa pro forma ndi kumvetsera mlandu wa khothi komwe mlanduwo sunayesedwebe. Umachitikira chifukwa kupitiriza kusungidwa sikungapitirire masiku 90 popanda mlanduwo kubweretsedwa kukhothi loyamba.

Choncho, mlandu woyamba uyenera kuchitika mkati mwa masiku 104 kuchokera pamene mlandu unayamba kuweruzidwa. Ngati kufufuza sikunathe panthawiyo, khoti limaunikanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera, limasankha zopempha zina zofufuzira, limalamula kuti mlanduwo upitirire kumangidwa ndipo limaimitsa mlanduwo. Kenako, chigamulo cha khoti chimabwerezedwanso, ndipo khoti limagamula kuti mlanduwo ukhale womangidwa osachepera masiku 90 aliwonse. M'milandu yovuta, milandu ingapo yokhudza milandu isanayambe kuzengedwa mlandu ndi yachibadwa.

Kodi mungathe kupempha chipukuta misozi mutagwidwa?

Ngati mlanduwu utha popanda kuweruzidwa mlandu kapena chilango, munthu amene kale anali m’ndende angapemphe chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha nthawi imene anakhala m’ndende (Article 533 Sv). Pempho lina likhoza kuperekedwa pa ndalama za loya ndi ndalama zina (Article 530 Sv).

Pempholo liyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mlanduwu watha ndipo lidzagamulidwa ndi khoti lomwe linathetsa mlanduwo komaliza. Palibe ndalama zolipirira khoti. Malipiro amaperekedwa pazifukwa zachilungamo ndipo siwongochitika mwangozi, ngakhale atamasulidwa, makamaka ngati khalidwe la wokayikiridwayo linapangitsa kuti munthu akayikidwe. Makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa tsiku lililonse m'malamulo a dziko, zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zosiyanasiyana masiku onse m'chipinda cha apolisi ndi masiku onse m'chipinda chosungiramo anthu omangidwa.

Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati membala wa banja?

M'masiku oyamba, zochepa kuposa zomwe mungafune; kuyambira kumangidwa kupita m'tsogolo, zambiri. Loya ndiye gwero lanu lodalirika kwambiri la chidziwitso chonse.

• Kudziwitsidwa. Munthu womangidwa ali ndi ufulu wodziwitsa wachibale kapena munthu wina za kumangidwako (Article 27e Sv). Ngati pali zoletsa, izi zitha kungokhala pa mfundo yoti munthuyo wamangidwa, ndipo zingachedwetsedwe. Ngati simunamve chilichonse, funsani loya osati apolisi.
• Kudziwa komwe wachibale wanu ali. Mukakhala m'ndende, iyi ndi siteshoni ya apolisi; kuyambira m'ndende kupita m'tsogolo, malo osungiramo milandu. DJI satsimikizira kwa oimbira foni ngati munthu winawake ali m'ndendemo, choncho funsani loya.
• Maulendo. Bungwe lililonse limalola maulendo, koma makonzedwe ake amasiyana, choncho onani malamulo a bungwe lomwe likukhudzidwa. Alendo ayenera kudziwa okha, ndipo ana ayenera kutsagana nawo. Ngati pali zoletsa, loya yekha ndiye angapite.
• Foni. Munthu womangidwa akhoza kuyimba foni kamodzi kokha kwa mphindi khumi pa sabata, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa pamenepo. Munthu womangidwayo amayimba foni, pa ndalama zake, ndipo mafoni ena osakhala ndi loya akhoza kujambulidwa.
• Positi. Makalata ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri m'masabata oyamba, ngakhale kuti makalata amatha kufufuzidwa. Lembani nambala yolembetsa ya womangidwayo, dzina la banja lake ndi zilembo zake zoyambirira pa envelopu.
• Ndalama. Mutha kusamutsa ndalama ku akaunti ya womangidwayo ndi DJI kuti muyimbire foni komanso kugula zinthu m'sitolo. Tsatirani malangizo a DJI okhudza kulemba nambala yolembetsa ndi dzina, apo ayi malipiro sangagawidwe. Pali ndalama zokwanira zotsala.
• Kazembe. Mzika yakunja ili ndi ufulu wodziwitsa akuluakulu a kazembe m'dziko lake. Kazembeyo sangalowererepo pankhaniyi, kupeza ufulu womasulidwa kapena kulipira loya, koma akhoza kuyendera, kuyang'ana momwe munthu alili m'ndende ndikutumiza mauthenga kwa abale ake akunja.

Nanga bwanji ngati wogwidwayo ndi nzika yakunja?

Kumangidwa munthu asanazengedwe mlandu n'kosavuta. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kumangidwa kumaloledwa ngati wokayikiridwayo alibe malo okhazikika okhala ku Netherlands, ndipo kusowa kwa adilesi yokhazikika kumawerengedwanso ngati munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo chothawa.

Munthu amene wakhala mdzikolo kwa milungu ingapo akukumana ndi mwayi waukulu womangidwa kuposa munthu wokhala m'dzikolo kwa nthawi yayitali amene waimbidwa mlandu womwewo. Umboni wa adilesi yokhazikika ya ku Netherlands, kulembetsa kwa boma, pangano la ntchito ndi ubale wa banja ndiye maziko a mfundo yotsutsana ndi kumangidwa.

Kutanthauzira panthawi yofunsa mafunso ndi kumvetsera milandu, komanso kumasulira zikalata zofunika, zimaperekedwa kwaulere kwa wokayikirayo. Uzani loya nthawi yomweyo ngati wachibale wanu adafunsidwa mafunso m'chinenero chomwe sachidziwa bwino.

Pre-trial detention does not in itself end a right of residence, but a conviction can. After a sentence, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) can refuse an extension or withdraw the permit on public order grounds, using a sliding scale in the Aliens Decree 2000 (Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000) that weighs the sentence against the length of lawful residence.

Nzika za EU ndi mabanja awo amatetezedwa kwambiri motsatira lamulo la EU loti anthu aziyenda momasuka. Munthu wopanda pokhala movomerezeka akhoza kuletsedwa kulowa m'dzikolo, ndipo kuchotsedwa m'dzikolo kungachitike pambuyo pa chilango. Kumangidwa kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi njira yosiyana ndi kumangidwa kwa zigawenga, m'malo osungira anthu odzipereka.

Because the consequences depend on the band a sentence falls into, check the current scale before the defence strategy is settled, not after the sentence. The legal framework is on wetten.overheid.nl.

What can we do for you with pre-trial detention?

athu maloya oteteza milandu assist suspects and their families from the first hours after an arrest.

• We visit the suspect at the police station or remand centre and attend the hearing before the examining magistrate.
• We check whether every time limit under Articles 56a to 66 Sv has been respected.
• We file a request to lift (Article 69 Sv) or suspend (Article 80 Sv) the detention, supported by documents from the family.
• We lodge an appeal within the three-day deadline of Article 71 or 87 Sv.
• We check the immigration consequences with the IND sliding scale for suspects without Dutch nationality.
• We file the compensation request under Articles 530 and 533 Sv within three months of the end of the case.

Chidule

• Munthu akamangidwa, kumangidwa kuti akafunsidwe mafunso kumatenga maola osapitirira asanu ndi anayi ndipo apolisi amasunga masiku osapitirira asanu ndi limodzi.
• Wokayikirayo ayenera kuonana ndi woweruza milandu mkati mwa masiku atatu ndi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera pamene anamangidwa.
• Kusungidwa m'ndende kumatenga masiku osapitirira 14; kupitiriza kusungidwa komwe khoti lalamula kumatha kutenga masiku 90, pambuyo pake mlanduwo uyenera kuperekedwa kukhothi.
• Loya akhoza kupempha kuti kumangidwako kuchotsedwe kapena kuyimitsidwa pazifukwa zilizonse; thandizo lolembedwa pazochitika zaumwini.
• Kwa nzika zakunja, kusowa kwa adilesi ya ku Netherlands kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala m'ndende, ndipo kuweruzidwa kuti ndi wolakwa kungakhudze chilolezo chokhalamo.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI