Mapangano asanakwatirane ku Netherlands ndi chisudzulo

Pangano la ukwati lisanachitike (huwelijkse voorwaarden) ndi chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial chomwe okwatirana amasiya dongosolo la katundu wa ukwati wovomerezeka. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018, dongosolo lovomerezekalo ndi gawo lochepa la katundu (beperkte gemeenschap van goederen): zomwe mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense anali nazo asanakwatirane, pamodzi ndi mphatso ndi cholowa, zimakhala zachinsinsi, pomwe zomwe zimamangidwa panthawi ya ukwati zimagawidwa. Notari wa boma yekha ndi amene angalembe mgwirizanowo, ndipo ukhoza kupangidwa ukwati usanachitike kapena mkati mwa ukwati. Chifukwa chosavomerezekacho chimalekanitsa kale ukwati usanachitike. katundu, funso loyamba si momwe mungalembere mgwirizano koma ngati mukufunikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi pamene mwamuna kapena mkazi ali ndi bizinesi, pamene awiriwa amabweretsa katundu kapena ngongole zosalingana muukwati, pamene banja likufuna kusunga cholowa kuchokera muukwati, kapena pamene ukwati uli ndi gawo lopitirira malire. Izi ndi zomwenso kusagwirizana kumamveka kwambiri pa kusudzulana.

Banja likukambirana zikalata zalamulo ndi loya mu ofesi yamakono yoyang'ana mzinda wa ku Netherlands.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe malamulo amakupatsani popanda mgwirizano, zomwe mgwirizano wa ukwati ungasinthe komanso zomwe sungasinthe, malamulo omwe notary ayenera kutsatira, lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito ukwati ukadutsa malire, komanso zomwe zimachitika pa mgwirizanowo ukwati ukatha.

Mfundo zazikulu za mapangano asanakwatirane ku Netherlands

Banja ndi loya atakhala patebulo mu ofesi ya zamalamulo, akuyang'ana zikalata ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba za ngalande za ku Dutch kunja kwa zenera.

Pangano la ukwati ku Netherlands limatsimikizira momwe okwatirana amasamalirira chuma ndi ngongole panthawi ya ukwati komanso pambuyo pa chisudzulo. Kuyambira mu 2018, lamulo la ku Netherlands lasintha kusalipira ngongole katundu waukwati dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti prenups ikhale chida chofunikira kwa okwatirana omwe akufuna njira zinazake zopezera ndalama.

Kodi mgwirizano wa ukwati ndi chiyani ndipo umagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pangano la ukwati (lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa ukwati) ndi mgwirizano walamulo pakati pa anthu awiri ukwati usanachitike kapena utatha. Umatsimikizira momwe inu ndi mnzanu mudzasamalire katundu, katundu, ngongole, ndi maudindo azachuma muukwati wanu wonse komanso ngati mutasudzulana. Ku Netherlands, prenup imagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu. Ntchito yayikulu ndikukhazikitsa malamulo oyang'anira ndalama ndi chuma muukwati wanu. Ntchito yachiwiri imayang'ana zomwe zimachitika ku katundu wanu ukwati utatha, kaya kudzera mu chisudzulo kapena imfa. Muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi notary kuti mupange mgwirizano wa ukwati ku Netherlands. Woyimira milandu sangathe kulemba kapena kuchita chimodzi: chikalatacho ndi chosungidwa ndi notary yekha, yemwe lamulo limafuna kuti asakhale wopanda tsankho pakati pa inu nonse awiri. Notary ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka wofotokozera mgwirizanowu ndi zotsatira zake kwa onse awiri. Ngati alephera kuchita izi, angakumane ndi chilango kapena ayenera kulipira ndalama zowonongeka. Mgwirizanowu ndi wovomerezeka ukangoperekedwa ngati chikalata cha notarial. Kulembetsa mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati (huwelijksgoederenregister) ndi sitepe yosiyana yokhala ndi cholinga chosiyana: sikukhudza kuvomerezeka pakati pa okwatirana, koma popanda mgwirizanowu sungadaliridwe motsutsana ndi anthu ena omwe sanadziwe za mgwirizanowu (art. 1:116 BW).

Mbiri yakale ndi maziko alamulo

Chikalata chiti chapadziko lonse chomwe chimayang'anira katundu wanu wa ukwati chimadalira nthawi yomwe mudakwatirana. Pa maukwati omwe adachitika pa 29 Januwale 2019 kapena pambuyo pake, Lamulo (EU) 2016/1103 lokhudza malamulo okhudza katundu wa ukwati likugwira ntchito ku Netherlands. Maukwati omwe adachitika pakati pa 1 Seputembala 1992 ndi 28 Januwale 2019 akupitilizabe kulamulidwa ndi Msonkhano wa Hague wa 1978 pa Lamulo Logwira Ntchito ku Malamulo a Katundu wa Mkwatibwi. Maukwati akale amagwera pansi pa malamulo omwe adalipo kale. Pansi pa lamulo la Dutch, mutha kusankha pakati pa mitundu itatu yokhazikika yomwe yafotokozedwa mu Dutch Civil Code. Muthanso kupanga makonzedwe anu okhala ndi malire ena. Magulu onse awiri ayenera kuulula katundu ndi mangawa onse asanasainire prenup. M'mbuyomu, Netherlands inkagwira ntchito motsatira dongosolo la absolute community of property. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu wonse umakhala wogwirizana ndi okwatirana onse awiri akakwatirana, mosasamala kanthu kuti mudaupeza liti. Mabanja ambiri adaphatikizapo mawu oti katundu wonse udzakhalabe wa eni ake kupatula nyumba yaukwati ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake.

Zomwe zinasintha pa 1 Januwale 2018

Pa 1 Januwale 2018, dongosolo la katundu wokwatiwa wosaloledwa ku Netherlands linasintha kwambiri. Dongosolo latsopanoli losaloledwa ndi mgwirizano wa katundu wochepa, womwe unalowa m'malo mwa mgwirizano wakale wa katundu wochepa. Kusinthaku kumakhudza maukwati onse omwe adachitika pambuyo pa tsikuli pokhapokha ngati muli ndi mgwirizano wa ukwati wonena zosiyana. Ngati mukufuna kusiya dongosolo la mgwirizano wa katundu wochepa wosaloledwa, muyenera prenup kuti mukhazikitse mgwirizano womwe mumakonda. Tsopano muli ndi ulamuliro wambiri pa katundu wokwatiwa musanakwatiwe mwachisawawa, koma mukufunikirabe prenup kuti mupange makonzedwe apadera omwe akugwirizana ndi vuto lanu lazachuma.

Ndondomeko ya malamulo ndi zomwe mgwirizano ungasinthe

Dziko la Netherlands limapereka njira zingapo zoyendetsera katundu zomwe zimasankha momwe katundu ndi ngongole zimayendetsedwera panthawi ya ukwati ndikugawidwa pakatha ukwati. Okwatirana amatha kusankha pakati pa kukhala ndi umwini wonse wa anthu ammudzi, kukhala ndi katundu wogawana pang'ono, kapena kulekana kwathunthu kudzera mu mgwirizano asanakwatirane.

Kugwirizana kwa anthu onse pa katundu poyerekeza ndi kuyanjana kwa anthu ochepa pa katundu

Pasanafike pa 1 Januwale 2018, chosowa chinali gulu lonse la katundu (algehele gemeenschap van goederen): chilichonse chomwe mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense anali nacho, komanso ngongole iliyonse yomwe aliyense anali nayo, chinaphatikizidwa kukhala chuma chimodzi patsiku la ukwati. Ulamuliro umenewo umalamulirabe maukwati omwe adamalizidwa tsiku limenelo lisanafike pokhapokha ngati mwamuna ndi mkaziyo adasintha kuyambira pamenepo, kotero umakhalabe udindo wa mabanja ambiri aku Dutch. Kwa maukwati omwe adamalizidwa pa 1 Januwale 2018 kapena pambuyo pake, chosowa ndi malo ochepa a katundu (beperkte gemeenschap van goederen). Magulu atatu amakhala kunja kwa dera malinga ndi lamulo: zomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense anali nazo asanakwatirane, mphatso, ndi cholowa. Zomwe zimapezeka panthawi ya ukwati, ndi ngongole zomwe zimachitika panthawiyo, zimagwera m'dera ndipo zimagawidwa mofanana pamene zathetsedwa (art. 1:100 BW). A malonda Choncho, katundu amene ali naye asanakwatirane amakhala ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wake, ngakhale kuti malipiro amene anthu ammudzi angalandire chifukwa cha ntchito ndi ndalama zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bizinesiyo panthawi ya ukwati nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha mkangano. Mfundo yomwe nthawi zambiri imasowa ndi yakuti simukusowa mgwirizano wa ukwati kuti mupeze anthu ochepa. Umagwira ntchito yokha. Chimene mgwirizano umachita ndi kuchoka pa iwo, kaya mwa kuchepetsa anthu ammudzi kapena kuwakulitsa, mwachitsanzo mwa kubweretsa nyumba ya banja mwadala. Pali chinthu chimodzi chogwirizana ndi zonsezi. Kusunga katundu wachinsinsi kumafuna kutsimikizira zomwe zinali zachinsinsi. Pamene chiyambi cha katundu sichingakhazikitsidwe, lamulo la ku Dutch limachiona ngati cha anthu ammudzi, kotero mkazi kapena mwamuna amene sanasunge zolemba zake ndiye amene amataya mkanganowo. Kulemba mndandanda wa zomwe aliyense wa inu amabweretsa, kaya mutapanga mgwirizano kapena ayi, ndikofunikira kwambiri pamkangano womwe ungachitike pambuyo pake kuposa zigawo zambiri.

Kuletsa kuyanjana kwa katundu

Complete kuchotsedwa kwa mgwirizano wa katundu zikutanthauza kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi umwini wonse wa katundu ndi ngongole zake. Palibe chomwe chimakhala chogwirizana chokha panthawi ya ukwati. Munthu aliyense amayendetsa nkhani zake zachuma payekha. Lamuloli limafuna mgwirizano wa notarial asanakwatirane kapena panthawi ya ukwati. Chilolezo cha khoti sichifunikanso: lamulo loti mgwirizano womwe unapangidwa kapena kusinthidwa panthawi ya ukwati umafunika chilolezo cha khothi lachigawo unathetsedwa pa 1 Januwale 2012, kotero chikalata cha notarial ndi kulembetsa kwake ndizokwanira. Mabanja ambiri omwe amasankha njira iyi amasankhabe katundu winawake wa umwini wogwirizanaNyumba ya banja ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake nthawi zambiri zimakhala katundu wogawana ngakhale katundu wina akadali wosiyana. Mutha kusintha mgwirizanowo kuti ugwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili pazachuma komanso zolinga zanu.

Zigawo zokhazikika (verrekenbedingen)

A gawo lomaliza la mgwirizano ndi gawo lomwe lili mu mgwirizano wa ukwati womwe umakhudza zopereka zandalama Pa nthawi ya ukwati. Zigawozi zimafotokoza momwe angathanirane ndi mavuto omwe mwamuna kapena mkazi m'modzi amalipira ndalama zokonzanso katundu wa mnzake kapena pamene ndalama zogwirizanitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa katundu wa munthu aliyense. Makonzedwe ofanana a malipiro ndi awa:

Zigawo zomaliza zomaliza omwe amawerengera zomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense ayenera kulipira mnzake akasudzulana
Zigawo zokhazikika nthawi ndi nthawi zomwe zimawerengera ndalama chaka chilichonse panthawi ya ukwati
Palibe zigawo zomaliza komwe sikuyenera kulipidwa mosasamala kanthu za zopereka

Notary ayenera kufotokoza momwe ndalama zomwe mwasankha zingakhudzire okwatirana onse awiri. Muli ndi udindo woulula katundu ndi mangawa onse popanga mapangano awa. Panganoli liyenera kulembedwa mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati kuti likhale lovomerezeka.

Ndondomeko zalamulo ndi zochitika za mapangano asanakwatirane

Ku Netherlands, kupanga mgwirizano wa ukwati kumafuna njira zinazake zalamulo zomwe zimaphatikizapo akatswiri ndi kulembetsa mwalamulo. notary wa boma ayenera kulemba mgwirizano ngati chikalata cha notarial, ndipo chikalatacho chiyenera kulembedwa mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati kuti chikhale chovomerezeka mwalamulo.

Udindo wa notary ndi maloya

Lamulo la ku Netherlands limafuna kuti notary (notaris) apange mgwirizano wanu wa ukwati usanathe. Simungathe kulemba mgwirizano wovomerezeka wa ukwati nokha kapena ndi thandizo la loya yekha. Notary amaonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano walamulo ukukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse ndipo amafotokoza zotsatira za zisankho zanu. Notary amapereka upangiri wopanda tsankho kwa onse awiri. Amafotokozera njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera katundu wa ukwati zomwe zilipo ku Netherlands ndipo amakuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe njira iliyonse imakhudzira ndalama zanu. Malangizo aukadaulo awa amateteza okwatirana onse awiri kuti asapange mgwirizano womwe sakumvetsa bwino. Muthanso kulemba ntchito maloya osiyana kuti ayimire zofuna zanu. Ngakhale sizikufunika mwalamulo, loya wodziyimira pawokha amathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Maloya amatha kuwonanso chikalatacho musanasainire ndikulangiza pazovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Chikalata chovomerezeka ndi kulembetsa kwa notarial

Pangano lanu la ukwati liyenera kulembedwa ngati chikalata cha notarial. Izi zikutanthauza kuti notarial wa boma amakonza chikalata chovomerezeka chomwe inu ndi mnzanuyo mumasaina pamaso pa notarial. Notari amatsimikiza kuti ndinu ndani ndipo amatsimikiza kuti nonse mukumvetsa zomwe mgwirizanowu ukunena. Pambuyo posaina, notari amalembetsa mgwirizanowu mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati (huwelijksgoederenregister). Kaundula wa anthu onsewu umalola anthu ena, monga obwereketsa kapena ogula katundu, kutsimikizira dongosolo lanu la katundu wa ukwati. Kulembetsa kumapereka chitetezo chalamulo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukugwira ntchito kwa anthu ena. Popanda kulembetsa koyenera, mgwirizano wanu wa ukwati sungakhale wovomerezeka kwa obwereketsa kapena anthu ena akunja, ngakhale utakhala womangika pakati pa inu ndi mnzanu.

Kusintha ndi kusintha mapangano

Mungathe kusintha pangano lanu la ukwati mutatha ukwati, koma kusintha kumafuna njira yofanana ndi yoyamba. Notary ayenera kulemba zosinthazo ngati chikalata chatsopano cha notarial, ndipo onse awiri ayenera kusaina. Pangano losinthidwa liyenera kulembedwa mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati. Zifukwa zodziwika bwino zosinthira ndi monga kusintha kwa umwini wa bizinesi, cholowa, kapena kugula katundu wofunika. Muyenera kuyang'ananso pangano lanu pakachitika kusintha kwakukulu kwachuma m'miyoyo yanu. Notary amaonetsetsa kuti kusintha kulikonse kukutsatira malamulo aku Dutch ndipo sikusokoneza aliyense mwachisawawa. Zosintha zonse zimakhala gawo la zikalata zanu zovomerezeka za katundu wa ukwati.

Zotsatira zachuma za kusudzulana ndi mapangano asanakwatirane

Pangano la ukwati ku Netherlands limapanga momwe katundu wanu, ngongole zanu, ndi malonda zimasamalidwa panthawi ya chisudzulo. Panganoli limatsimikiza ngati musunga katundu wanu womwe mwagula musanakwatirane komanso momwe cholowa chimasamalidwira nthawi yonse ya chisudzulo. njira yosungunula.

Kugawikana kwa katundu ndi ngongole

Pangano lanu musanakwatirane limakhazikitsa malire omveka bwino ogawa katundu wa m'banja ndi maudindo azachumaPopanda mgwirizano wotere, lamulo la ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito malamulo okhudza katundu, komwe katundu ndi ngongole zonse zomwe zapezeka pa nthawi ya ukwati zimagawidwa mofanana. Mgwirizanowu umakulolani kutchula katundu yemwe amakhala wosiyana ndi amene amakhala katundu wogawana. Mutha kuteteza katundu amene munali naye musanakwatirane komanso kufotokoza momwe katundu wogawana adzagawidwire.Makonzedwe ofala ndi awa:

Kulekanitsa kwathunthu katundu ndi ngongole zonse
Malo osungiramo zinthu zinazake
Katundu waumwini wotetezedwa ndi katundu wapakhomo wogawana

Udindo wanu wazachuma panthawi ya chisudzulo umadalira kwathunthu zomwe mgwirizanowu ukunena. Ngongole zomwe munthu mmodzi watenga zitha kusungidwa padera ngati mgwirizano wa ukwati ukunena momveka bwino za mgwirizanowu.

Zotsatira zake kwa bizinesi ndi amalonda

Katundu wa bizinesi amafunika chisamaliro chapadera m'mapangano a ukwati, makamaka ngati ndinu wamalonda. Mtengo wa kampani yanu ndi kukula kwa mtsogolo zitha kutetezedwa kudzera m'magawo olembedwa bwino omwe amasiyanitsa zofuna za bizinesi ndi katundu wa ukwati. Panganoli likhoza kunena kuti bizinesi yanu ikhalabe yanu yokha, kuletsa mnzanu kutenga gawo la mtengo wake kapena phindu lake lamtsogolo. Chitetezo ichi chikhala chofunikira kwa amalonda omwe adakhazikitsa kampani yawo asanakwatirane kapena akufuna kuteteza ntchito za bizinesi ku milandu yosudzulana. Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukukhudza momwe kukula kwa bizinesi kumachitidwira panthawi ya ukwati. Makonzedwe ena amalola kubwezera kwa mnzanu yemwe si wamalonda ngati bizinesiyo yakwera kwambiri mtengo panthawi ya ukwati.

Kachitidwe ka cholowa ndi mphatso

Cholowa ndi mphatso zomwe mwalandira muukwati wanu nthawi zambiri zimatetezedwa ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands, koma mgwirizano wa ukwati umapereka chitsimikizo china. Mgwirizanowu unganene momveka bwino kuti cholowa chilichonse chomwe mumalandira chimakhalabe chanu ndipo sichingatengedwe ndi mnzanu. Muthanso kufotokoza momwe mphatso kuchokera kwa anthu ena zimachitidwira panthawi ya chisudzulo. Izi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri pazinthu zamtengo wapatali kapena mphatso zazikulu kuchokera kwa achibale. Ngati muyika cholowa m'malo mwa katundu wogwirizana, monga nyumba yaukwati, mgwirizanowu uyenera kufotokozera ngati muli ndi ufulu wopereka ndalamazo. Popanda malamulo omveka bwino, kuphatikiza ndalama zolowa ndi katundu waukwati kungapangitse kuti zopempha zanu zikhale zovuta panthawi ya chisudzulo.

Kusamalira mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi malire a zomwe mungagwirizane nazo

Mgwirizano wa ukwati sungathe kuthetsedwa kusamalira mwamuna kapena mkazi pasadakhale. Nkhani 1:400 ya Dutch Civil Code imathetsa mgwirizano uliwonse womwe munthu amasiya ufulu wosamalira banja lake asanauyambe, ndipo ndicho chimene gawo losamalira banja la huwelijkse voorwaarden likufuna kuchita. Okwatirana nthawi zonse amafika ndi chikalata chokhala ndi gawo lotere; sichingagwire ntchito.

Chifukwa chiyani kukonza sikuli kunja kwa pangano

Kusamalira banja pakati pa okwatirana akale ndi udindo wovomerezeka womwe umachokera mu ukwatiwo (art. 1:157 BW). Kumayesedwa malinga ndi mfundo zomwe zili pa chisudzulo: zomwe m'modzi mwa okwatiranawo akufuna, zomwe winayo angalipire, ndi momwe ukwatiwo unapangira zonse ziwiri. Mfundo zimenezo sizingadziwike pamene mgwirizano wa ukwati wasainidwa, ndichifukwa chake nyumba yamalamulo imakana kuti zikambiranedwe pasadakhale. Nthawi yomwe kusamalira banja kungavomerezedwe ndi chisudzulo chokha. Mu mgwirizano wothetsa ukwati (echtscheidingsconvenant) okwatiranawo angakhazikitse ndalama ndi nthawi, ndipo angavomereze kuti mgwirizanowu sudzatsegulidwa ku kusintha kwa mtsogolo, bola ngati cholinga chaperekedwa mosalakwitsa. Ngakhale pamenepo khothi likhoza kuletsa gawoli pamene kusintha kwa zinthu zapadera kwambiri kumachitika kotero kuti wolipira sangagwiridwe mwachilungamo, koma malire ake ndi okwera dala.

Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira lamulo lamakono

Pa pempho la chisudzulo lomwe linaperekedwa pa 1 Januwale 2020 kapena pambuyo pake, kusamalira Chimatenga theka la nthawi ya ukwati, malinga ndi malire onse a zaka zisanu. Zinthu zitatu zosiyana zimawonjezera nthawi imeneyo: ukwati wautali pomwe wolandirayo akuyandikira zaka za penshoni ya boma, ukwati wautali pomwe wolandirayo anabadwa tsiku lokhazikika m'malamulo osinthira, ndi ukwati wokhala ndi ana, komwe ufuluwo umatenga nthawi mpaka mwana wamng'ono atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Khothi lingawonjezere nthawiyo pomwe kuthetsa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa malamulo amenewo ndi okhazikika, mgwirizano wopangidwa ukwati usanachitike sungawafupikitse, ndipo khothi silingavomereze kuyesa kutero. Chimene mgwirizanowo ungachite ndikukonza momwe ndalama zimakhalira pambuyo pake, ndichifukwa chake makonzedwe a katundu ndi nkhani yosamalira zimagwirizanitsidwa ngakhale kuti ndi zosiyana m'malamulo.

Ufulu wa penshoni umatsatira dongosolo lawo

Ufulu wa penshoni womwe umapezeka pa nthawi ya ukwati sugawika pansi pa malamulo a katundu wa ukwati. Lamulo Lofanana la Ufulu wa Pensheni (Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding), pomwe mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la penshoni ya ukalamba yomwe inamangidwa panthawi ya ukwati, kaya ndi dongosolo liti la katundu lomwe limagwira ntchito. Okwatirana angachoke pamenepo, ndipo huwelijkse voorwaarden ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe amaloledwa kutero, koma kuchoka kuyenera kukhala komveka bwino: kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa mgwirizano wa katundu sikuchotsa kufanana kwa penshoni. Ngati wopereka penshoni akuyenera kulipira gawo lofanana mwachindunji m'malo mosiya okwatirana kuti akhazikitse okha, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa mkati mwa nthawi yomwe Lamulo limalamula.

Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapadera

Dziko la Netherlands limavomereza mapangano akunja asanakwatirane pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake. Mayanjano olembetsedwa ndi mapangano okhala pamodzi amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo osiyanasiyana. Ndi lamulo la dziko liti lomwe limayang'anira katundu wanu wa ukwati limayamba tsiku la ukwati, komanso maukwati kuyambira pa 29 Januwale 2019 kupita mtsogolo pa Regulation (EU) 2016/1103 osati pa Hague Convention yakale. Funso limenelo limasankha momwe maukwati opitirira malire ndipo makonzedwe awo a katundu amachitidwa.

Mapangano akunja asanakwatirane ndi kuzindikirika

Mapangano akunja asanakwatirane akhoza kukhala ovomerezeka ku Netherlands ngati akwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Pangano lanu lidzavomerezedwa ngati likugwirizana ndi malamulo apakhomo omwe amagwira ntchito pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu wanu waukwati kapena lamulo la komwe mudasainira panganolo. Pa maukwati omwe adachitika kuyambira pa 29 Januwale 2019, dongosololi ndi Regulation (EU) 2016/1103. Limalola okwatirana kusankha lamulo la dziko lomwe aliyense ndi wadziko kapena aliyense amakhalamo, ndipo limafuna kuti chisankhocho chikhale cholembedwa, cholembedwa ndi kusainidwa ndi onse awiri. Pa maukwati akale, Msonkhano wa Hague wa 1978 umagwira ntchito yomweyo pamizere yofanana. Khothi la ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri limapereka mphamvu ku mgwirizano womwe udapangidwa kunja, bola ngati chida chogwira ntchito panthawiyo chidatsatiridwa. Muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi loya wakomweko m'maiko onse awiri popanga mgwirizano wapadziko lonse asanakwatirane. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mgwirizano wanu ukugwirizana ndi zofunikira zalamulo m'madera onse oyenera. Notary kapena mlangizi wa zamalamulo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti mgwirizano wanu wakunja sukutsutsana ndi mfundo za boma la ku Netherlands kapena chitetezo chovomerezeka chalamulo.

Mapangano olembetsedwa a mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wokhala pamodzi

Mabungwe olembetsedwa ku Netherlands amatsatira malamulo ofanana ndi a ukwati. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018, okwatirana amalowa m'gulu la anthu ochepa pokhapokha mutapanga mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pasadakhale. Mutha kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wokhala pamodzi ngati mukukhala limodzi popanda ukwati kapena mgwirizano wolembetsedwa. Mabungwewa safuna chilolezo cha notarial koma ayenera kulembedwa mosamala kuti ateteze zofuna za onse awiri. Mabungwe okhala pamodzi nthawi zambiri amaphimba umwini wa katundu, ndalama zapakhomo, ndi makonzedwe ngati mutalekana. Mosiyana ndi mabungwe asanakwatirane, mabungwe okhala pamodzi salembedwa mu kaundula wa anthu onse. Muyenera kulembabe mgwirizano wanu polemba ndikusintha zinthu zikasintha.

Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limalamulira ukwati wopitirira malire?

Zikalata ziwiri zimagawana mfundo imeneyi, zogawidwa ndi tsiku la ukwati. Maukwati omwe adamalizidwa pa 29 Januwale 2019 kapena pambuyo pake amagwera pansi pa Regulation (EU) 2016/1103; maukwati omwe adamalizidwa pakati pa 1 Seputembala 1992 ndi 28 Januwale 2019 amagwera pansi pa Hague Convention ya 1978. Chilichonse chimasankha lamulo la dziko lomwe limagwira ntchito pa katundu wanu waukwati komwe moyo wanu umakhudza maulamuliro oposa umodzi. Mutha kusankha lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu wanu popanga mgwirizano wanu wa ukwati, malinga ndi malire ena. Kusankha kuyenera kukhala komveka bwino ndipo kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za lamulo lililonse lomwe likukugwirani ntchito. Popanda kusankha lamulo, malamulo osasinthika amalowa m'malo. Pansi pa Regulation, chinthu choyamba cholumikizira ndi kukhala kwa okwatirana koyamba pambuyo pa ukwati, kulephera komweko ndi dziko lawo lofanana, kulephera komweko ndi boma lomwe amagwirizana nalo kwambiri. Convention imagwira ntchito kuchokera pa makwerero ofanana koma osafanana, ndichifukwa chake okwatirana awiri omwe adakwatirana milungu ingapo angapezeke pansi pa lamulo losiyana. Makhothi aku Netherlands amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi awa pochita milandu yothetsa ukwati ndi anthu akunja. Kugawa kwanu katundu kungayang'aniridwe ndi malamulo akunja ngakhale chisudzulo chikachitika ku Netherlands.

Zochita zabwino kwambiri ndi misampha yodziwika bwino

Kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu musanakwatirane kumafuna kukambirana moona mtima pakati pa okwatirana ndi anthu oyenera chithandizo chalamuloMapangano ambiri amalephera chifukwa okwatirana amalephera njira zofunika kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikiro zochenjeza zomwe zingapangitse kuti pangano lawo lisagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kulankhulana momveka bwino pakati pa okwatirana

Muyenera kukambirana momasuka za mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane ndi mnzanu musanayambe ukwati wanu. Kudikira mpaka mphindi yomaliza kungapangitse kuti makhothi aziona ngati kukakamiza. Kukakamizidwa kumeneku kungalepheretse mgwirizano wanu wonse. Yambani kukambirana za zomwe mukuyembekezera pazachuma miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi musanakwatirane. Nonse awiri muyenera kuulula zonse zomwe muli nazo, ngongole, magwero a ndalama, ndi maudindo azachuma. Kubisa zambiri kapena kupereka tsatanetsatane wa zachuma wosakwanira ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe oweruza amakana mapangano asanakwatirane.Mfundo zazikulu zokambirana ndi izi:

Katundu wapano ndi umwini wa katundu
Zofuna za bizinesi ndi chuma cha nzeru
Ngongole zomwe zilipo komanso maudindo azachuma
Cholowa kapena ndalama zodalirika zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa
Zoyembekeza za kusamalira mwamuna kapena mkazi

Muyenera kulemba zonse zokhudza ndalama zomwe mwapeza polemba. Makhothi amaona kuti nkhani zosakwanira zokhudza ndalamazo ndi zofunika kwambiri, ndipo kulephera kufotokoza momveka bwino kungapangitse kuti mgwirizano wanu uthetsedwe panthawi ya chisudzulo.

Kusunga mapangano atsopano

Pangano lanu la ukwati likufunika kuwunikiranso nthawi zonse kuti likhale lovomerezeka komanso lolungama. Kusintha kwakukulu pa moyo kungapangitse kuti mawu oyamba asagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Unikaninso mgwirizano wanu pamene zinthu zazikulu zasintha. Kukhala ndi ana, kuyambitsa bizinesi, kulandira cholowa, kapena kukhala ndi chuma chambiri kusintha zonse ziyenera kusinthidwa. Makhothi aku Dutch akhoza kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zakhala zosavomerezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu. Konzani kuwunikanso mwalamulo zaka zisanu zilizonse ngakhale popanda kusintha kwakukulu. Mutha kusintha mgwirizano wanu wa ukwati kudzera mu mgwirizano wa ukwati, womwe umatsatira zofunikira zalamulo zofanana. Magulu onse awiri ayenera kuvomereza kusintha kulikonse, ndipo mudzafunika koyenera. zolembedwa zamalamulo.

Uphungu wa zamalamulo ndi upangiri wa akatswiri

Malamulo aku Dutch safuna kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense azikhala ndi mkazi wake payekha kuyimira mwalamulo; notary amakuyimirani nonse awiri ndipo ali ndi udindo wokufotokozerani zomwe mukusaina. Komabe, ngati zofuna zanu zili zosiyana kwambiri, kutsatira upangiri wanu pamodzi ndi notary n'kwanzeru, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukhale wovuta kuwutsutsa pambuyo pake. Mlangizi wanu adzafufuza ngati chikalatacho chikuteteza zofuna zanu ndipo adzaona zinthu zomwe khothi lingakane kugwiritsa ntchito, monga kuyesa kukonza. kusamalira ana kapena kusunga mwana pasadakhale. Nkhanizi sizikugwirizana ndi mapangano a ukwati omwe amaperekedwa ndi Dutch malamulo apabanjaMalangizo aukadaulo amathandiza kupewa zinthu zosagwira ntchito komanso kulephera kuchita bwino. Kupereka chigamulo pakokha ndi udindo wa notary: kuzindikira mbali zonse ziwiri, kuwerenga chikalata ndi kusaina pamaso pa notary. Palibe mboni zomwe zimafunika. Zolakwa pa siteji iyi zitha kupangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukhale wopanda ntchito, ndipo notary amene walephera kupereka chidziwitso akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha kutayika komwe kungachitike.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Ku Netherlands, mapangano a ukwati asanakwatirane ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamulo ndipo angakhudze kwambiri momwe katundu, ngongole, ndi chithandizo cha ndalama zimagwiritsidwira ntchito panthawi ya chisudzulo. Notary yekha ndi amene angapange ndikulembetsa mapanganowa, ndipo sangaphatikizepo zinthu zina zokhudza kusamalira mtsogolo.

Kodi zofunikira zalamulo ndi ziti kuti mgwirizano wa ukwati ukhale wovomerezeka ku Netherlands?

Pangano lanu la ukwati liyenera kupangidwa ngati chikalata cha notarial ndi notary wa malamulo aboma. Woyimira milandu sangalembe kapena kulembetsa.

Panganoli liyenera kusainidwa ndi inu ndi mnzanu. Liyeneranso kulembedwa mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ligwire ntchito motsutsana ndi anthu ena monga obwereketsa.

Notary ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka wofotokozera mgwirizanowu ndi zotsatira zake kwa onse awiri. Ngati notary walephera kuchita izi, angakumane ndi chilango kapena ayenera kulipira ndalama zomwe zawonongeka.

Mgwirizanowu uyenera kukhala wolembedwa ndipo uyenera kuphatikizapo tsiku. Mapangano akunja asanakwatirane nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa ndi makhothi aku Netherlands bola ngati sakuphwanya ufulu woyambira kapena mfundo zamalamulo aku Netherlands.

Kodi mgwirizano wa ukwati ungakhudze bwanji kugawa katundu ndi ngongole ngati banja litasudzulana motsatira malamulo a ku Netherlands?

Pangano lanu musanakwatirane limasankha katundu amene amaonedwa kuti ndi wogwirizana komanso amene amakhalabe wanu pa nthawi ya ukwati wanu. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe katundu amagawidwira mukasudzulana.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa mgwirizano wa ukwati ku Netherlands umapanga mgwirizano wosakwanira wa katundu pazinthu zina monga nyumba yaukwati ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Mapangano ena amachotsa mgwirizano wonse wa katundu.

Ngati simukuchotsa katundu yense wa anthu onse, katundu wanu ndi ngongole zanu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana panthawi ya chisudzulo. Komabe, mikangano ingabuke ngati mutagwirizana kuti mupereke ndalama zothandizira katundu waumwini kapena kukhala ndi katundu wambiri kuposa momwe munaganizira.

Makhothi aku Dutch amalemekeza zomwe zili mu mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane akamagawa katundu. Mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense amasunga katundu wake monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu mgwirizano pokhapokha ngati pali mfundo zina zolipirira zomwe zimafuna kuti wina achite.

Kodi mgwirizano wa ukwati ku Netherlands ungaphatikizepo ndalama kapena cholowa chamtsogolo, ndipo izi zimachitidwa bwanji panthawi yopatukana?

Pangano lanu la ukwati likhoza kuthana ndi momwe ndalama ndi cholowa chamtsogolo zidzachitiridwira muukwati wanu. Mapangano ambiri amanena kuti cholowa ndi ndalama zosungira ndalama zimakhalabe katundu wanu osati kukhala katundu wamba.

Pangano la ukwati lingathandize kupewa zopempha za chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe bizinesi yanu yapeza . Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati muli ndi bizinesi kapena mukuyembekeza kulandira ndalama zakunja kapena ndalama zosungira ndalama.

Ngakhale kuti dongosolo lochepa la katundu linayambitsidwa mu Januwale 2018, mgwirizano wa ukwati umapereka chitetezo chomveka bwino pa cholowa ndi katundu wa bizinesi. Popanda ukwati, sipangakhale umboni wa katundu wanu womwe munabweretsa mu ukwati.

Pangano lanu likhoza kufotokoza ngati ndalama zomwe mumapeza pa nthawi ya ukwati zimakhala katundu wa anthu onse kapena zimakhalabe zaumwini. Izi zimateteza mkazi kapena mwamuna amene amapeza ndalama zambiri kuti asagawire ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza pa nthawi ya ukwati.

Kodi njira yosinthira kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano wa ukwati musanayambe kapena panthawi ya ukwati ku Netherlands ndi iti?

Mukhoza kusintha mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane mwa kulemba mgwirizano pambuyo pa ukwati. Inu ndi mnzanu muyenera kuvomereza kusintha kulikonse.

Kusintha kulikonse kuyenera kulembedwa mu chikalata chatsopano cha notarial ndi notary wa malamulo aboma. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kusinthako ndi kovomerezeka mwalamulo komanso kolembetsedwa moyenera.

Chilolezo cha khoti sichikufunikanso pakusintha komwe kwachitika pa nthawi ya ukwati: lamulo limenelo linathetsedwa pa 1 Januwale 2012. Ngati kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka boma kuli ndi zotsatirapo pa msonkho wa mphatso ndi funso la mlangizi wa misonkho osati funso lomwe chikalatacho chimathetsa lokha.

Dziwani kuti kupanga mgwirizano wa ukwati sikuchotsa kwathunthu mgwirizano wa katundu womwe munali nawo kale. Obwereketsa angatsutse kapena kuthetsa mgwirizanowu ngati ukuwononga ufulu wawo wosonkhanitsa ngongole.

Muyenera kulembetsa mapangano akunja pambuyo pa ukwati mu kaundula wa katundu wa ukwati ku The Hague. Izi zimateteza kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole omwe angayese kupempha katundu wanu chifukwa cha ngongole za mnzanu.

Kodi malamulo a ku Netherlands amateteza bwanji ndalama za chipani chilichonse pokhazikitsa mgwirizano wa ukwati pambuyo pa chisudzulo?

Makhothi aku Netherlands nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsa mapangano a ukwati asanakwatirane bola ngati malamulowo sakuphwanya ufulu woyambira kapena mfundo zamalamulo aku Netherlands. Pangano lanu limalandira chitetezo chalamulo panthawi ya milandu ya chisudzulo.

Udindo wa notari kufotokoza mgwirizanowu umateteza onse awiri kuti asachite zinthu mopanda chilungamo mosadziwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi m'modzi asagwiritse ntchito mwayi wina.

Mapangano ena asanakwatirane amaphatikizapo zigawo zolipirira kuti ateteze mkazi kapena mwamuna amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa kapena katundu wochepa. Zigawozi zimafuna kuti mkazi kapena mwamuna m'modzi alipire mnzake chaka chilichonse kapena akasudzulana.

Ngati mgwirizano wanu ukuphatikizapo gawo la malipiro a pachaka koma simunathetse ukwati, makhothi nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la mtengo wa katundu womwe unapezeka pa ukwati. Malinga ndi nkhani 1:141 BW, katundu amene alipo kumapeto kwake amaganiziridwa kuti anapangidwa kuchokera ku ndalama zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa, kotero mkazi kapena mwamuna wolemera akhoza kulipira theka la mtengo womwe unapezeka pa ukwati, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe gawoli linkatanthauza kukwaniritsa.

Mapangano akunja asanakwatirane omwe adalembetsedwa ku The Hague amatetezedwa ndi omwe amakubwereketsani. Izi zimalepheretsa omwe amakubwereketsani mnzanu kuti asatenge katundu wanu kuti alipire ngongole zawo.

Kodi ufulu wa kusamalira mkazi ndi penshoni umakhudzidwa bwanji ndi mgwirizano wa ukwati ku Netherlands?

Simungathe kuphatikiza zinthu zokhudzana ndi kusamalira mtsogolo kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi kapena ana mu mgwirizano wanu wa ukwati. Nkhani 1:400 ya Civil Code imaletsa mgwirizano uliwonse wopereka chisamaliro usanaperekedwe.

Malamulo aliwonse okhudzana ndi kusamalira ana omwe ali mu mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane sangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makhothi aku Dutch. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ngakhale ziganizo zotere zinali zovomerezeka kudziko lomwe mudapanga panganoli poyamba.

Pangano lanu la ukwati lisanathe silikhudza udindo wosamalira ana. Izi zimakhala zosiyana ndi mgwirizanowo mosasamala kanthu za dongosolo la katundu lomwe mudapanga.

Ndalama zothandizira mkazi kapena mwamuna pambuyo pa chisudzulo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la chisudzulo la ku Netherlands osati ndi mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane. Khothi limaganizira zinthu monga kutalika kwa ukwati wanu ndi ndalama zomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense amapeza.