Wantchito akadwala kwa nthawi yayitali, njira imayamba pomwe bwana ndi wantchito amakhala ndi udindo wogwirizana kuti abwerere kuntchito bwino kwambiri. Njira imeneyi — kubwereranso kuntchito akadwala — imayendetsedwa kwambiri ku Netherlands ndi Gatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter) ndi malamulo opitiliza kulipira malipiro panthawi ya matenda omwe ali mu Dutch Civil Code.
Kawirikawiri, nthawi zina pamakhala lingaliro lakuti olemba ntchito ndi omwe ali ndi zoopsa. Chithunzi chimenecho sichikwanira. Wantchitoyo alinso ndi maudindo omveka bwino, ndipo aliyense amene sangakwanitse popanda chifukwa chomveka akhoza kutaya ufulu wolandira malipiro.
Mu blog iyi tikufotokoza zomwe kubwezeretsedwa kwa antchito kumatanthauza, maudindo omwe ali pa wantchito komanso ngati kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro, kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro kapena zilango zina zingachitike. Tikulankhulanso za chilango cha malipiro chomwe UWV (Employee Insurance Agency) ingapereke kwa olemba ntchito, chifukwa m'machitidwe awiriwa ndi ogwirizana kwambiri.
Kubwereranso ku Ubale Pambuyo pa Matenda: Ndondomeko Yamalamulo Mwachidule
Wantchito amene sali woyenera kugwira ntchito, kwenikweni, ali ndi ufulu wopitiliza kulipira osachepera 70% ya malipiro ake kwa milungu 104 (zaka ziwiri) (Nkhani 7:629 ya Dutch Civil Code). Munthawi imeneyo, magulu onse awiri ali ndi udindo woti abwezeretse wantchitoyo. Bwana ayenera kuthandizira kubweza ntchitoyo - mwachitsanzo pofufuza ntchito yoyenera ndikuyang'anira mosamala kusakhalapo - pomwe wantchitoyo ayenera kugwirizana. Udindo wa wantchitoyo wafotokozedwa mu Nkhani 7:660a ya Dutch Civil Code; njira zopewera kudwala zili mu Nkhani 7:629 ya Dutch Civil Code.
Lamulo Lokonza Zipatala (lomwe likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Epulo 2002) limafotokoza izi m'njira yotsatizana yokhala ndi zochitika zokhazikika. Njira zazikulu ndi izi:
- Kufotokoza za kudwala: bwanayo akufotokozera za kusowa kwa ntchito kwa dokotala wa kampani kapena ntchito yothandiza anthu pa zaumoyo.
- Pafupifupi sabata 6: Dokotala wa kampaniyo akupanga kusanthula vuto limodzi ndi wantchito.
- Pofika sabata ya 8, pamapeto pake: bwana ndi wantchito alemba kalata yopempha dongosolo (mkati mwa milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene vuto layamba kufufuzidwa).
- Panthawi ya ndondomekoyi: misonkhano yopita patsogolo nthawi ndi nthawi, momwe dongosolo lochitira zinthu limasinthidwa ngati pakufunika kutero.
- Mu sabata 42: chidziwitso cha kusapezekapo kwa nthawi yayitali kwa UWV.
- Pafupifupi sabata 52: kuwunika kwa chaka choyamba.
- Pafupifupi masabata 91-93: kuwunika komaliza.
- Mu sabata 104: Ngati wantchitoyo akadali (kamodzi) wosayenera kugwira ntchito, fomu ya WIA nthawi zambiri imatsatira.
Ngati kubwezeretsedwanso m'malo mwa wantchito kapena pantchito ina yoyenera m'bungwe sikungatheke (njira yoyamba), ziyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati wantchitoyo angathe kubwereranso ndi bwana wina (njira yachiwiri). Njira yachiwiriyo imakhalanso ndi udindo wa bwana.
Kodi wantchito ali ndi udindo wotani?
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti wantchito ayenera kugwirizana mokwanira kuti achire mwachangu komanso mwanzeru komanso kuti abwerere kuntchito. Malinga ndi Article 7:660a ya Dutch Civil Code, wantchitoyo akuyenera, pakati pa zinthu zina, kuti:
- kugwirizana ndi malangizo ndi njira zoyenera kuchokera kwa olemba ntchito kapena katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito (monga bungwe lobwezeretsa anthu m'gulu) zomwe zimawathandiza kugwira ntchito yoyenera;
- kugwira ntchito yoyenera yomwe angathe, ndi olemba ntchito awo komanso - ngati palibe njira zina - mwina ndi olemba ntchito ena;
- kugwirizana popanga, kuwunika ndi kusintha dongosolo la ntchito;
- osalepheretsa kapena kuchedwetsa kuchira kwawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, wantchito ayenera kutsatira malamulo oyang'anira abwana. Awa ndi malamulo omveka bwino olembedwa omwe amalola olemba ntchito kuwona ngati pali ufulu wolandira malipiro - ganizirani kupita kukawonana ndi dokotala wa kampani ndikukhala wofikirika. Pochita izi, olemba ntchito sangapange chigamulo chawo chachipatala chokhudza ngati wina angagwire ntchito; ndicho cholinga cha dokotala wa kampani. Kuphatikiza apo, olemba ntchito sangafunse za mtundu kapena chifukwa cha matendawo ndipo sangasamalire zambiri zachipatala za wantchito; kuwunika kwa momwe zinthu zilili pachipatala kumachitika kudzera mwa dokotala wa kampani.
Njira ziwiri zomwe zimasokoneza mosavuta: kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro
Ngati wantchito sakugwirizana mokwanira, bwana akhoza kuyimitsa malipiro kapena kuimitsa. Mwalamulo, izi ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Kuzisokoneza kungakhale kowononga ndalama kwa bwana.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro (Nkhani 7:629(6) ya Dutch Civil Code)
Kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro cholinga chake ndi njira yokakamiza wantchito pamene salola olemba ntchito kuwona ngati ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro - mwachitsanzo chifukwa, ngakhale atayitanidwa, sapita kwa dokotala wa kampani. Kenako olemba ntchito amaletsa malipirowo. Chizindikiro cha kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndichakuti malipiro ayenera kulipidwa mobwerezabwereza wantchitoyo akangotsatira malamulo oyang'anira ndipo zikapezeka kuti sanali oyenera kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake wantchitoyo sataya malipiro ake kwamuyaya.
Kuyimitsa malipiro: kutayika kwa ufulu wa malipiro (Nkhani 7:629(3) ya Dutch Civil Code)
Kuyimitsa malipiro ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yomwe, kwenikweni, ndi yokhazikika. Nkhani 7:629(3) ya Dutch Civil Code imatchula zochitika zingapo (pansi pa a mpaka f) zomwe wantchito sakuyenera kulandira malipiro panthawi yoyenera. Zambiri mwa izi zimakhudzana ndi kulephera kutsatira malamulo obwezeretsanso, kuphatikizapo:
- kuchititsa mwadala kulephera kugwira ntchito kapena kupereka mfundo zabodza panthawi yoyezetsa dokotala asanayambe ntchito;
- kulepheretsa kapena kuchedwetsa kuchira;
- kukana, popanda chifukwa choyenera, kugwira ntchito yoyenera;
- kukana, popanda chifukwa choyenera, kugwirizana ndi malangizo oyenera kapena njira zogwirira ntchito yoyenera;
- kukana, popanda chifukwa choyenera, kugwirizana nawo popanga, kuwunika kapena kusintha dongosolo la zochita.
Kusiyana ndi kuyimitsidwa ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri. Ndi kuyimitsidwa ntchito, malipiro amachotsedwa kwakanthawi ndipo malipiro obwerera amatsatira wantchito akagwirizana. Ndi kuyimitsidwa koyenera kwa malipiro, malipiro omwe amalipidwa panthawi yokana ntchito amatayika kwamuyaya. Ngati wantchitoyo atsatiranso zomwe adayenera kuchita, amakhala ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, koma sadzabwezedwa ndalama zomwe adachotsedwa kale.
Ganizirani magulu oyenera ndi chenjezo la panthawi yake
Olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo wochenjeza (Nkhani 7:629(7) ya Dutch Civil Code). Ayenera kudziwitsa wantchito nthawi yomweyo - ndipo makamaka polemba - chifukwa chake adzayimitsa kapena kuyimitsa malipiro, kuti wantchitoyo athe kusinthabe njira. Pochita izi, ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino ngati izi zikukhudza kuyimitsa kapena kuyimitsa.
Mwachidule, iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Sikuti zolakwika zilizonse zimawononga ufulu wa olemba ntchito, koma milandu yavomereza kuti kulankhulana kosamveka bwino kapena kolakwika kungatanthauze kuti sangadalire njira yokhwima kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mawu oti "kuyimitsa" agwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa malipiro, wantchito angadalire zomwe adauzidwa, ndipo bwana angataye ufulu woyimitsa malipiro kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso chomveka bwino komanso cha nthawi yake n'chofunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulephera kupita kwa dokotala wa kampani sikungapangitse kuti malipiro ayimitsidwe nthawi yomweyo: kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndikoyenera kaye. Pokhapokha ngati wantchito akupitiriza kuswa maudindo ake kwa nthawi yayitali ndiye kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro kumaonekera. Ndi pamenepa pomwe kusunga zolemba mosamala ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kuyimitsa malipiro athunthu kapena pang'ono?
Kwa nthawi yayitali panali mkangano wokhudza ngati, ngati munthu wakana kugwira ntchito yoyenera, malipiro onse angaimitsidwe, kapena gawo lokhalo lokhudzana ndi ntchito yokanidwayo. Pa 6 June 2014, Khoti Lalikulu (Hoge Raad) linagamula kuti olemba ntchito akhoza kuyimitsa malipiro onse ngati wantchitoyo akana, popanda chifukwa choyenera, kugwira ntchito yoyenera - ngakhale atangogwira ntchito kwa maola awo ochepa okha. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chilimbikitso chokwanira chokha ndicho chingalimbikitse wantchitoyo kutenga udindo wake mozama. Komabe, pali chosiyana: ngati kuyimitsa malipiro onse sikuvomerezeka malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo, gawo lokhalo la malipiro likhoza kuletsedwa. Chosiyana chimenecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito moletsa.
Zotsatira zina zomwe zingachitike kwa wantchito
Kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro sikokhako komwe kungachitike. Aliyense amene walephera kukwaniritsa udindo wake wobwereranso kudziko lina angakumanenso ndi izi:
- Kulephera kwa lamulo loletsa kuchotsa munthu pa nthawi ya matenda (Nkhani 7:670b(3) ya Dutch Civil Code). Lamulo loletsa kuchotsa wantchito wodwala siligwira ntchito ngati wantchitoyo walephera kukwaniritsa zomwe akuyenera kuchita popanda zifukwa zomveka. Kawirikawiri, UWV imafuna kuti abwana ayambe agwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa malipiro koma osapambana; pamenepo ndiye kuti kuchotsa ntchito kumawonekera.
- Zotsatira za phindu la WIA. UWV ingapereke phindu lochepa kapena ingasankhe kusagwiritsa ntchito fomu yopempha ntchito ya WIA ngati wantchitoyo sanagwirizane mokwanira pakubwezeretsedwa kwawo.
- Palibe kubweza ufulu wa tchuthi panthawi yomwe kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro kukuchitika chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo oti munthu abwererenso kuntchito.
Ndipo olemba ntchito? Chilango cha malipiro cha UWV
Mbali ina ya ndalamayi ndi chilango cha malipiro chomwe UWV ingapereke kwa olemba ntchito. Pamene pempho la WIA laperekedwa, UWV imafufuza ngati olemba ntchito ndi antchito pamodzi adayesetsa mokwanira kubwezeretsanso anthu (kuwunika kwa RIV). Ngati UWV ipeza kuti olemba ntchito adalephera popanda chifukwa chomveka - mwachitsanzo poyambira mochedwa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri mochedwa kwambiri, kapena kupanga fayilo yosakwanira - ikhoza kuwonjezera udindo wopitiliza malipiro mpaka milungu 52. Kenako olemba ntchito ayenera kupitiriza kulipira malipiro kwa chaka chachitatu. Kuopsa kwa chilango kumadalira kuopsa kwa cholakwikacho. Chifukwa chake, fayilo yolondola, yanthawi yake komanso yolembedwa bwino ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yopewera izi.
Kodi pali mkangano wokhudza kubwereranso kudziko lina? Pemphani a lingaliro la akatswiri
Ngati olemba ntchito ndi wantchito akutsutsana — mwachitsanzo ngati ntchito yomwe apatsidwa ndi yoyeneradi, kapena za kuchuluka kwa kulephera kugwira ntchito — akhoza kupempha lingaliro la katswiri (deskundigenoordeel) kuchokera ku UWV. Lingaliro limenelo silimakakamiza, koma lili ndi mphamvu zambiri pazochitika zilizonse ndipo lingathandize kuthetsa mavuto asanayambe chilango.
Zochitika zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira
Dongosolo silikuima chilili. Pa nthawi yolemba nkhaniyi, malingaliro awiri akuyembekezeredwa ku Netherlands omwe angakhale ofunikira pakuchita izi:
- Lamulo lomwe limapangitsa upangiri wa dokotala wa kampani pa luso la wantchito kukhala wofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika kwa RIV ndi UWV. Cholinga chake ndikupatsa olemba ntchito chitsimikizo chowonjezereka ndikuletsa zilango za malipiro zomwe zimachokera ku kusiyana kwa malingaliro azachipatala pakati pa dokotala wa kampani ndi dokotala wa inshuwaransi.
- Lamulo lomwe limapatsa olemba ntchito ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati mwayi, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha matenda, woti ayang'ane kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso ntchito yoyenera ndi olemba ntchito ena (njira yachiwiri), pansi pa mikhalidwe ina.
Malingaliro onsewa anali asanayambe kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025. Chifukwa chake, aliyense amene akukumana ndi njira yomwe ikupitilira sangadalire; ndikofunikira kutsatira dongosolo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndi kotani?
Ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro, olemba ntchito amaletsa malipiro kwakanthawi mpaka mutagwirizana - mwachitsanzo mwa kupita kukawonana ndi dokotala wa kampani. Ngati mutsatira, mumalandira malipirowo mobwerezabwereza. Ndi kuyimitsidwa koyenera kwa malipiro, mumataya malipiro kwamuyaya panthawiyo. Kuyimitsidwa kumakhudzana ndi kusatsatira malamulo oyang'anira; kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro kumakhudzana ndi kusatsatira malamulo ofunikira kuti munthu abwererenso kuntchito.
Kodi abwana anga angangondiletsa malipiro anga?
Ayi. Payenera kukhala chifukwa chovomerezeka ndi lamulo (Nkhani 7:629(3) ya Dutch Civil Code), ndipo olemba ntchito ayenera kukuchenjezani pasadakhale nthawi yomweyo - makamaka polemba - kunena ngati izi zikukhudza kuyimitsidwa ntchito kapena kuyimitsidwa. Ngati alephera kukuchenjezani kapena kugawa molakwika muyesowo, sangadalire pambuyo pake.
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati sindipita kukawonana ndi dokotala wa kampani?
Bwana wanu akhoza kuyimitsa malipiro anu, chifukwa sangathe kuwona ngati muli ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro. Ngati mupita kuntchito ndipo mwapezeka kuti simukuyenera kugwira ntchito, malipirowo amalipidwa mobwerezabwereza. Nthawi zambiri kuyimitsa malipiro nthawi yomweyo sikuloledwa pankhaniyi.
Kodi ndiyenera kuvomereza ntchito yoyenera?
Inde. Ngati ntchito yomwe mwapatsidwa ndi yoyenera ndipo muli ndi mphamvu, muyenera kuigwira. Ngati mwakana popanda chifukwa choyenera, olemba ntchito angaletse malipiro — kwenikweni. Ngati mukukayikira ngati ntchitoyo ndi yoyeneradi, funsani maganizo a katswiri wa UWV musanakane.
Kodi bwana wanga angandifunse vuto langa ndi chiyani?
Ayi. Bwana wanu sangafunse za mtundu kapena chifukwa cha matenda anu ndipo sangasamalire zambiri zanu zachipatala. Kuwunika zomwe mungathe kuchita (mphamvu zanu) kumachitika kudzera mwa dokotala wa kampani.
Kodi nyimbo yachiwiri ndi iti ndipo imayamba liti?
Ngati kubwerera kwa abwana anu sikukuwoneka ngati koyenera, ziyenera kufufuzidwa ngati mungabwererenso kwa abwana ena: njira yachiwiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaonekera chaka choyamba cha matenda, potsatira upangiri wa dokotala wa kampani kapena katswiri wa ntchito, ndipo zimakhalabe udindo wa abwana.
Kodi chiletso cha malipiro kwa olemba ntchito chimatanthauza chiyani?
Ngati UWV ikapeza kuti, pempho la WIA litaperekedwa, olemba ntchito sanachite zambiri kuti abwezeretsedwe, ikhoza kuwonjezera udindo wopitiliza malipiro mpaka masabata 52 - chaka chachitatu cha malipiro. Izi ndizosiyana ndi zilango zomwe olemba ntchito angapereke kwa wantchito.
Kodi ndingatani ngati sindikugwirizana ndi chilango kapena kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu m'dziko muno?
Mukhoza kupempha maganizo a katswiri kuchokera ku UWV ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kupempha kuti mupitirize kulipira malipiro anu (mwachidule). Popeza nthawi yomaliza ndi mawu ake ndi olondola kwambiri, ndi bwino kufunsa upangiri wa zamalamulo nthawi yoyenera.
Pomaliza
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi njira ya mbali ziwiri. Wantchito amene amagwirizana ndi bwana amene amayang'anira mosamala ndi kulemba zikalata amakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa. Ngati wantchitoyo akugwirizana ndi ntchito yake mokwanira, kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndi — ngati palibe kutsatira malamulo okhazikika — kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro ndi zida zamphamvu, bola ngati zalengezedwa molondola. Kumbali ya bwana, khama losakwanira likhoza kuonjezera nthawi yopitirizira malipiro ndi chaka chonse. M'zochitika zonsezi, kutsatana koyenera, mawu oyenera ndi fayilo yonse zimapangitsa kusiyana.
Kodi njira yobwererera kudziko lina yalephera, kapena mukukayikira zogwiritsa ntchito kapena kutsutsa kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro? Akatswiri azamalamulo pantchito ku Law & More Ndikusangalala kuganiza nanu.
