Kodi mwakhalapo ozunzidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi kuba, kuopsezedwa, kuzunzidwa, chinyengo cha pa intaneti kapena kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu mu EindhovenKuuza apolisi za chochitikachi (mu Chidatchi: 'aangifte doen') nthawi zambiri ndi gawo loyamba lofunika kwambiri. Komabe si aliyense amene amadziwa bwino momwe izi zimachitikira, komwe angapite, kapena zomwe zimachitika lipotilo litaperekedwa. Mu blog iyi, tafotokoza momveka bwino komanso mogwirizana ndi malamulo aku Dutch.
Kodi kupereka lipoti ku polisi kumatanthauza chiyani?
Kupereka lipoti la apolisi ('aangifte') kumatanthauza kudziwitsa apolisi kuti, malinga ndi maganizo anu, mlandu wachitika. Malinga ndi malamulo aku Dutch, aliyense amene akudziwa za mlandu wapalamula ali ndi ufulu wopereka lipoti, osati wozunzidwayo yekha (Nkhani 161 ya Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure, Wetboek van Strafvordering). Chifukwa chake, kupereka lipoti ndi lalikulu kuposa madandaulo aumwini okha: mboni kapena anthu ena angachitenso zimenezo.
Lipoti ('aangifte') kapena chidziwitso ('kusakaniza'): kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?
Mwachidule, mawu achi Dutch akuti 'aangifte' (lipoti) ndi 'kusakaniza' (chidziwitso) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, ngakhale kuti ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana lalamulo.
Chidziwitso (kusakaniza) ndi chizindikiro kwa apolisi kuti pali chinachake chomwe chikuchitika kapena chakhala chikuchitika, mwachitsanzo vuto lokayikitsa, vuto losokoneza, kapena chochitika chomwe simukufuna (mpaka pano) kupereka chiganizo chovomerezeka, cholembedwa. Chidziwitso sichinalembedwe ngati lipoti mu mbiri yovomerezeka ndipo sichili ndi udindo wodziyimira pawokha malinga ndi Malamulo a Milandu.
Lipoti (aangifte) ndi lovomerezeka kwambiri: ndi mawu olembedwa ndi wapolisi wofufuza, pambuyo pake wopereka lipoti amapatsidwa kopi ya lipotilo kapena zolemba zovomerezeka (Nkhani 163(1) ya Code of Criminal Procedure). Khoti Lalikulu la ku Dutch (Hoge Raad) latsimikiza kuti lipotilo lili ndi tanthauzo lodziyimira pawokha pazamalamulo ndipo ngakhale lipoti lomwe limachotsedwa pambuyo pake limapitirizabe kukhala lipoti (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:2245). Komanso, lipotilo nthawi zambiri ndi gawo loyamba lofufuza ndi kutsutsa.
Ngati mukufuna kuti mawu anu alembedwe mwalamulo ndipo kafukufuku wa milandu atsatire, lembani lipoti. Ngati mukufuna kungodziwitsa apolisi popanda nkhaniyo kutengedwa ngati mlandu, nthawi zambiri chidziwitso chidzakhala chokwanira. Ngati simukudziwa chomwe chili choyenera pa vuto lanu, nenani zimenezo nthawi yoyamba yomwe mwakumana ndi apolisi, kuti zambiri zanu zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera.
Kodi mungapereke bwanji lipoti: pamasom'pamaso, polemba, kapena pakompyuta
Lamuloli limapereka kuti lipoti likhoza kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena polemba kwa mkulu woyenerera, kaya pamasom'pamaso kapena ndi woimira (Nkhani 163(1) ya Malamulo a Milandu). Pa milandu ina yaupandu, lipoti lamagetsi limaloledwanso. Njira yoyenera kwa inu imadalira mtundu wa mlandu: pa milandu ina mutha kupeleka lipoti pa intaneti, pomwe kwa ena pamafunika nthawi yokumana pafoni kapena kupita ku polisi.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti apolisi ofufuza milandu ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka mwalamulo kulandira lipoti. Sangakane lipotilo kapena, popanda chifukwa chomveka, kulichepetsa kukhala chidziwitso chokha. Pambuyo pake, kwenikweni mumapatsidwa kopi ya lipotilo kapena zolemba zovomerezeka (Nkhani 163(1) ya Code of Criminal Procedure).
Kodi ndi liti pamene mungathe kupereka lipoti la pakompyuta, ndipo ndi liti pamene liyenera kuchitidwa mosiyana?
Politie.nl imagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wokhazikika wosankha pa mlandu uliwonse kuti idziwe ngati lipoti la pa intaneti likuloledwa. Kupereka malipoti pa intaneti cholinga chake ndi milandu yaying'ono, yosafunikira mwachangu, yopanda ngozi, monga kuba njinga, kuba m'thumba, kuwononga, chinyengo pa intaneti, phishing, kapena kuba galimoto. Apolisi amalola izi ngati zinthu zonse zotsatirazi zakwaniritsidwa:
- palibe chiwawa kapena chiwopsezo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa inu kapena wina aliyense;
- sizikukhudzana ndi kuba m'nyumba, kapena m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'garaja komwe kuli kosavuta kufikako kuchokera m'nyumbamo;
- chochitikachi chinachitika osapitirira chaka chimodzi chapitacho;
- Muli ndi DigiD (dongosolo la digito la ku Dutch), lomwe limafunika kuti mupereke lipoti la pa intaneti ndikulowa.
Mwamsanga chimodzi mwa zinthu zotsatirazi chikagwira ntchito, dongosololi limatseka njira ya pa intaneti ndikukutumizirani kwa munthu woti akulankhuleni pafoni kapena nthawi yokumana naye:
- zachiwawa kapena ziwopsezo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito: tsamba lawebusayiti limakutumizirani ku nthawi yokumana ndi munthu kudzera pa 0900-8844;
- kwachitika kuba m'nyumba kapena kuyesa kuba: apolisi, kwenikweni, adzakuyenderani maso ndi maso, ndipo muyenera kuyimba foni kuti akonze izi;
- Kuba m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'garaji komwe sikungatheke kufikako kuchokera m'nyumba kumaonedwa ngati gulu losiyana, ndi mawonekedwe ake ('Lipoti la kuba m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kapena m'garaji'), m'malo mwa lipoti la kuba la pa intaneti;
- chochitikachi chinachitika zaka zoposa chaka chapitacho: ndiye kuti pakufunika kulankhulana ndi munthu payekha;
- Pa milandu yofulumira, monga upandu womwe ukuchitika kapena ngozi yomwe ikuchitika, muyenera kuyimba foni ku 112 nthawi zonse, osapereka lipoti pa intaneti;
- Pa nkhani zazikulu monga milandu yokhudza kugonana, nkhanza zogonana, kugulitsa anthu kapena nkhanza za ana, fomu yofotokozera pa intaneti siperekedwa monga muyezo; chifukwa cha mtundu wa mlanduwo, webusaitiyi imakutumizirani kuti mulumikizane ndi munthu kapena foni.
Mwachidule, lamulo logwiritsidwa ntchito ndi politie.nl ndilakuti malipoti apaintaneti amapangidwira milandu yopanda chiwawa, yosafunika mwachangu, yaposachedwa (yosakwana chaka chimodzi) yopanda kuba m'nyumba. Mwamsanga chiwawa, nyumba, kufunikira kwachangu kapena mlandu waukulu ukachitika, tsamba lawebusayiti limakutumizani ku foni (0900-8844) kapena 112.
Zoyenera kubweretsa ku lipoti lanu la apolisi
Ngati mfundo zanu zili zolondola komanso zolondola, apolisi amatha kuwunika bwino nkhani yanu. Ganizirani zobweretsa zotsatirazi:
- tsiku, nthawi ndi malo a chochitikacho;
- mayina kapena mafotokozedwe a omwe akukhudzidwa;
- zithunzi, zithunzi kapena zithunzi za kamera;
- mauthenga, maimelo kapena zikalata za banki;
- tsatanetsatane wa kulumikizana ndi mboni zilizonse;
- chithunzithunzi cha kuwonongeka kapena katundu wobedwa.
Kodi mungapite kuti? Eindhoven?
Pakagwa ngozi kapena ngati ngozi yadzidzidzi yachitika, nthawi zonse imbani 112. Ngati palibe ngozi, mutha kulankhulana ndi apolisi kudzera pa 0900-8844. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za ngoziyi kapena kupita ku siteshoni ya apolisi, malo otsatirawa akupezeka mu Eindhoven, mwa ena:
- Eindhoven Siteshoni ya apolisi ya Mathildelaan – Mathildelaan 4, Eindhoven
- Eindhoven Police ya Noord - Michelangelolaan 4, Eindhoven
- Eindhoven Police ya Zuid - Aalsterweg 290, Eindhoven
Chonde onani nthawi yotsegulira yomwe ilipo pasadakhale komanso ngati pakufunika nthawi yokumana, chifukwa izi zitha kusiyana malinga ndi siteshoni ndi mtundu wa mlandu.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukapereka lipoti?
Lipotilo likalandiridwa, limatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kwa wothandizira woimira boma kapena woimira boma (Nkhani 156(1) ya Code of Criminal Procedure). Woimira boma akangodziwa za mlanduwu, amayamba kufufuza milandu yofunikira (Nkhani 149 ya Code of Criminal Procedure). Bungwe la Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie) limasankha, mwachangu momwe zingathere, ngati lipitirire kukhoti, kupereka chilango, kapena kuleka kukhoti chifukwa cha zofuna za anthu (Nkhani 167(1) ya Code of Criminal Procedure).
Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands latsimikiza kuti lipoti lili ndi tanthauzo lodziyimira pawokha pazamalamulo ndipo kuti lipoti lochotsedwa pambuyo pake, malinga ndi malamulo, lidzakhalabe lipoti (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:2245). Kuphatikiza apo, chisankho chotsutsa mlandu chili m'manja mwa Public Prosecution Service, osati ndi munthu amene adapereka lipotilo: chikhumbo cha wozunzidwayo kuti asatsutse mlandu sichili chotsimikizika pankhaniyi, monga momwe Khoti Lalikulu la Noord-Nederland linaneneranso (ECLI:NL:RBNNE:2026:572).
Ufulu wanu monga wozunzidwa
Monga wozunzidwa, muli ndi ufulu wodziwa zambiri zokhudza momwe mlandu wanu ukuyendera. Mukapempha, mudzadziwitsidwa, pakati pa zinthu zina, za chisankho chosiya kufufuza milandu, chisankho chosatsutsa mlanduwo, tsiku ndi malo a khoti, komanso chigamulo chomaliza (Nkhani 51ac(1) ya Malamulo a Milandu). Ngati mlanduwu wathetsedwa kapena palibe mlandu womwe waperekedwa, munthu amene akufuna kuimbidwa mlanduwo angapereke madandaulo olembedwa ku Khoti Loona za Apilo.
Dziwani: lipoti liyenera kukhala loona
Kupereka lipoti pamene mukudziwa kuti mlanduwo sunachitike ndi mlandu waukulu. Amsterdam Khoti la District Court linapeza munthu wolakwa amene 'anapereka lipoti lakuti mlandu wachitika, pamene akudziwa kuti mlanduwu sunachitike' (ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2024:6109). Nthawi zonse perekani lipoti kutengera zomwe mwakumana nazo kapena zomwe mwaziona.
Mukufuna malangizo?
Kodi simukudziwa ngati kupereka lipoti kuli koyenera pa vuto lanu, kapena muli ndi mafunso okhudza ufulu wanu monga wozunzidwa, za chisankho cha Public Prosecution Service chotsutsa mlandu, kapena za njira yopezera madandaulo ku Khoti Loona za Apilo? Maloya a ku Law & More Ndi okondwa kuganiza nanu komanso kukupatsani malangizo pa zomwe mungachite.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kunena za mlandu ku polisi mu Eindhoven
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kupereka lipoti (aangifte) ndi chidziwitso (kusakaniza) ndi kotani?
Chidziwitso chimangokhala chizindikiro kwa apolisi kuti chinachake chikuchitika kapena chakhala chikuchitika ndipo chilibe udindo wodziyimira pawokha mwalamulo. Lipotilo ndi lovomerezeka kwambiri: ndi mawu olembedwa ndi wapolisi wofufuza, pambuyo pake mumapatsidwa kopi ya lipotilo, ndipo lili ndi tanthauzo lodziyimira pawokha mwalamulo motsatira Code of Criminal Procedure.
Kodi apolisi angakane kulandira lipoti langa?
Ayi. Apolisi ofufuza milandu ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka mwalamulo kulandira lipoti ndipo sangakane kapena, popanda chifukwa chomveka, kulichepetsa kukhala chidziwitso chokha.
Kodi ndingathe kupereka lipoti la apolisi pa intaneti nthawi zonse?
Malipoti a pa intaneti amapangidwira milandu yaying'ono komanso yosafunikira yomwe imachitika mwachangu popanda ngozi yachindunji, monga kuba njinga, kuba m'thumba, kuwononga, chinyengo cha pa intaneti kapena kuba galimoto, komanso pokhapokha ngati zinthu monga kusowa kwa chiwawa kapena ziwopsezo zakwaniritsidwa. Pa milandu ina, nthawi yokumana pafoni kapena kupita ku polisi imafunika.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikapereka lipoti?
Pambuyo poti mawu anu alembedwa, kwenikweni mumapatsidwa kopi ya lipotilo kapena zolemba zovomerezeka, monga momwe zalembedwera mu Article 163(1) ya Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure.
