Kugwirizana mwalamulo motsatira malamulo aku Dutch kumatenga nthawi. Pempho logwirizanitsa liyenera kulembedwa, zikalata zachuma ziyenera kuperekedwa kapena kulengezedwa poyera, ndipo pokhapokha nthawi yotsutsa yalamulo itatha, notary ndiye amachita chikalata chogwirizanitsa. Komabe, kwenikweni, zotsatira zachuma za kuphatikizana kumeneko nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchitika kale kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake kubwereranso mu mgwirizano mwalamulo kumakhala, ndipo ndi nkhani yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kusamvana pakati pa amalonda, owerengera ndalama, komanso owongolera odziwa bwino ntchito.
Mu blog iyi ndikufotokoza momwe zotsatira za kubweza ndalama zokhudzana ndi tsiku logwirizanitsa makampani mwalamulo, momwe izi zingabwerere m'mbuyo, malamulo a misonkho, komanso chifukwa chake zikalata zachuma zomwe zikugwirizana ndi pempho logwirizanitsa makampani ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe sizikudziwika bwino. Pamapeto pake ndimayankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri pankhaniyi.
Tsiku logwirizanitsa mwalamulo motsutsana ndi tsiku loyambira kugwiritsa ntchito akaunti
Mu mgwirizano uliwonse walamulo, kusiyana kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa nthawi ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka.
Kugwirizana kumeneku kumayamba kugwira ntchito mwalamulo tsiku lomwe notary wapereka chikalata chogwirizanitsa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, katundu ndi mangawa a kampani yomwe ikutha ntchito amasamutsidwa ndi umwini wadziko lonse kupita ku kampani yomwe ikutha, kampaniyo yomwe ikutha ntchitoyo imasiya kukhalapo, ndipo eni masheya a kampani yomwe ikutha ntchito kwenikweni amakhala eni masheya a bungwe lovomerezeka logula. Izi zikutsatira mfundo zazikulu za Mutu 7 wa Buku 2 la Dutch Civil Code.
Komabe, pazifukwa zofotokozera zachuma, tsiku lina, lakale kwambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Lamulo la ku Netherlands limalola tsiku loyambirira kusankhidwa komwe zochitika zachuma za kampani yomwe yasowa zimaonedwa kuti ndi za akaunti ndi chiopsezo cha kampani yomwe yapeza. Mwachidule, tsikuli limatchedwa tsiku loyambira kuwerengera ndalama kapena tsiku lothandizira. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama, ndalama, phindu, ndi kutayika kwa kampani yomwe yasowa zitha kukonzedwa kale mu akaunti zoyang'anira ndi zapachaka za kampani yomwe yapeza kuyambira, mwachitsanzo, pa 1 Januwale, ngakhale kuti kuphatikizana kokha kumayamba kugwira ntchito mwalamulo miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.
Kodi zotsatira zobwezeretsa zinthu zakale zimatha kubwerera pati?
Pali mfundo ina yofunika apa, chifukwa iyi ndi mfundo yomwe nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa mozama kwambiri. Kugawa ndalama kumachitika kuyambira tsiku lomwe lafotokozedwa momveka bwino mu lingaliro lophatikizana, motsatira nkhani 2:312 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code. Tsiku limenelo nthawi zambiri limakhala kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachuma chomwe chilipo, nthawi zambiri pa 1 Januwale kwa makampani omwe chaka chawo chachuma chikugwirizana ndi chaka cha kalendala, koma izi si malire enieni omwe afotokozedwa m'mawu ambiri mu lamulo. Malo oti mubwerere m'mbuyo amalimbitsidwa ndi malire a lamulo lophatikizana ndi lamulo la maakaunti apachaka, ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa pamilandu iliyonse payekhapayekha motsutsana ndi maziko a maakaunti apachaka omaliza omwe adavomerezedwa, tsiku losankhidwa mu lingaliro lophatikizana, komanso ngati tsiku limenelo ndi lotetezeka malinga ndi zofuna za eni masheya, obwereketsa, ndi akuluakulu amisonkho.
Ngati zaka zachuma za makampani ophatikizana sizikugwirizana, tsiku lokhazikika monga 1 Januwale silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha. Pankhaniyi, ziyenera kuwunikidwa pa kampani iliyonse momwe tsiku losankhidwa la akaunti likugwirizanirana ndi chaka chomaliza chotsekedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa cha chipani chilichonse. Tsiku logwira ntchito losankhidwa molakwika lingayambitse mafunso kuchokera kwa akauntanti, kukambirana ndi Akuluakulu a Misonkho ku Netherlands, kapena ntchito yokonza pambuyo pake.
Zotsatira zake pa kayendetsedwe ka ndalama ndi maakaunti apachaka
Kubwerera m'mbuyo sikusintha nthawi yovomerezeka yomwe mgwirizanowu umayamba kugwira ntchito, koma kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani. Zotsatira za kampani yomwe yasowa zikuphatikizidwa mu ziwerengero za kampani yomwe yagula kuyambira tsiku losankhidwa. Zochitika pakati pa makampani zomwe zinachitika pakati pa magulu awiriwa panthawi yolowera ziyenera kuyesedwa mosamala ndikuchotsedwa komwe kuli kofunikira, kuti pasapezeke kuwerengera kawiri. Oyang'anira ayeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu zotsimikizira zinthu zomwe zili mu akaunti ya kampani yomwe yagula kuyambira tsiku losankhidwa, ndipo maakaunti apachaka ndi zolemba zawo ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kapangidwe kosankhidwa kophatikizana. Chifukwa chake, kubwereranso sikuti ndi chisankho chalamulo chokha komanso, mofananamo, ndi pulojekiti yoyang'anira momwe oyang'anira zachuma, akauntanti, mlangizi wamisonkho, ndi notary ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa bwino.
Chithandizo cha misonkho: njira yolumikizirana yopanda msonkho
Mfundo yakuti kubweza ndalama mu akaunti kungatheke motsatira malamulo a boma sizitanthauza kuti zotsatira za msonkho nazonso zimathetsedwa. Pazifukwa za msonkho, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo ophatikizana osapereka msonkho motsatira nkhani 14b ya Dutch Corporate Income Tax Act 1969. Poyambira pa malo amenewo ndikuti msonkho wa, mwachitsanzo, ndalama zobisika ndi zopempha za msonkho zitha kuperekedwa kwa kampani yomwe yagula, bola ngati zofunikira za malowo zakwaniritsidwa ndipo kuphatikizana sikuli cholinga chachikulu chopewa kapena kuchedwetsa msonkho.
Akuluakulu a Misonkho ku Netherlands amasamala kwambiri ngati kuphatikizika kwa mgwirizanowu kwakonzedwa pazifukwa zenizeni zamabizinesi, komanso momwe makampani ophatikizana amafunira zotayika ndi misonkho. Kufunika chisamaliro chapadera ngati pali zotayika pa imodzi mwa makampani ophatikizana, komwe kuphatikizika kwa mgwirizanowu cholinga chake ndi kukonza misonkho popanda zifukwa zomveka bwino, komwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalamulo imakhudzidwa pakuphatikizika, mwachitsanzo kampani yachinsinsi (BV) yolumikizidwa ndi maziko, komwe zinthu zodutsa malire zimagwira ntchito, kapena komwe kuphatikizika kwa mgwirizanowu kumakhala gawo la kukonzanso kwakukulu. Zotsatira za malamulo aboma komanso kuvomereza misonkho nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi, koma izi sizongochitika zokha. Kuwunika misonkho kosiyana kumakhala kofunikira nthawi zonse.
Zikalata zachuma zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lophatikizana: yang'anani nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
Nkhani yomwe nthawi zambiri imaiwalika ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zikalata zachuma zomwe zimayenderana ndi pempho lophatikizana. Ngati maakaunti apachaka omaliza ovomerezeka kapena lipoti lina lazachuma la kampani yophatikizana likuchokera miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi lisanaperekedwe kapena kufalitsidwa kwa pempho lophatikizana, zikalata zakalezo sizovomerezeka, koma sizikwaniranso pa fayilo yophatikizana. Pankhaniyi, bungwe loyang'anira liyenera, malinga ndi nkhani 2:313 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code, kukonzekera akaunti yowonjezera yapachaka kapena lipoti lakanthawi la katundu ndi ngongole, ndi tsiku lofotokozera losapitirira tsiku loyamba la mwezi wachitatu mwezi usanafike wopereka, ndikulemba kapena kufalitsa izi pamodzi ndi pempho lophatikizana, malinga ndi momwe zimafunikira, malinga ndi nkhani 2:314 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ikukhudza kukwanira kwa fayilo yophatikizana, osati kutsimikizika kwa malamulo aboma a maakaunti akale apachaka. Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti eni masheya, obwereketsa, ndi notary ali ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zandalama zatsopano akamayesa kuphatikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhani 2:315 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code ikupitilizabe kufuna kuti bungwe loyang'anira liwulule kusintha kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi mangawa omwe akuchitika pambuyo pa pempho lophatikizana. Dziwani kuti tsiku losankhidwa la akaunti yoyambira pansi pa nkhani 2:312 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code ndi zofunikira zandalama pansi pa nkhani 2:313 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code ndi zofunikira ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka koma ziyenera kutsatiridwa padera.
Kodi zikalata zachuma zimakhala zovomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mayeso a miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amayesedwa nthawi imodzi yokhazikika, yomwe ndi nthawi yopereka kapena kufalitsa pempho lophatikizana. Panthawiyo, maakaunti omaliza a pachaka ovomerezedwa sayenera kukhala akale kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kapena akaunti yowonjezera ya pachaka kapena lipoti lapakati la katundu ndi ngongole ziyenera kukhala zitakonzedwa. Chikalata chapakati chimenecho sichiyeneranso kukhala cholembedwa patali kwambiri chisanachitike, ndi tsiku lofotokozera losapitirira tsiku loyamba la mwezi wachitatu mwezi usanafike. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti zikalatazo sizingakhale ndi miyezi ingapo yokha panthawi yopereka.
Kumene zinthu nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera ndi funso la zomwe zimachitika mu nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa. Njira yogwirizanitsa ikhoza, poganizira nthawi yotsutsa yovomerezeka ndi nthawi yomwe notari amafunikira, kutenga miyezi ingapo chikalatacho chisanaperekedwe. Lamulo silifuna kusinthidwa kwatsopano kwa maakaunti apachaka kapena mawu a katundu ndi mangawa chifukwa nthawi imadutsa pakati pa kupereka ndi kuperekedwa. M'malo mwake, kuyambira nthawi yopereka chikalata, udindo wopitilira kuulula umagwira ntchito motsatira nkhani 2:315 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code: bungwe loyang'anira la kampani iliyonse yophatikiza iyenera kudziwitsa eni masheya ndi makampani ena ophatikiza za kusintha kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi mangawa omwe akuchitika pambuyo pa tsiku la pempho lophatikiza komanso mgwirizano usanayambe kugwira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, kutsimikizika kwa zikalata zachuma sikumalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yopitilira yosungiramo zinthu mpaka kukwaniritsidwa kwa chikalatacho, koma ndi chithunzi cha chikalatacho, chowonjezeredwa ndi udindo wonena za zomwe zikuchitika pambuyo pake. Ngati nthawi yayitali yadutsa pakati pa kupereka ndi kukwaniritsidwa komwe kukufuna kuchitika, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha kutsutsa komwe kwaperekedwa kapena kuchedwa kupanga zisankho, ndikwanzeru, chifukwa chosamala, kuwona ngati momwe ndalama zamakampani omwe akukhudzidwa zikugwirizaniranabe ndi chithunzi chomwe chaperekedwa ndi zikalata zomwe zaperekedwa, ngakhale kuti lamulo sililamula mayeso atsopano a miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pa izi. Ngati mukukayikira, mawu osinthidwa a katundu ndi ngongole, kapena kuulula momveka bwino pansi pa nkhani 2:315 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndiyo njira yotetezeka kwambiri yopewera kutsutsa kapena kukambirana kwa wobwereketsa panthawi yowunikira notarial.
Nanga bwanji ngati zikalata zachuma zikusowa kapena zakale?
Zikalata zachuma zomwe zikusowa kapena zakale sizipangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukhale wopanda ntchito. Lamulo la milandu lomwe likupezeka silikhazikitsa lamulo loti mgwirizanowu udzakhala wosagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati zikalatazo zili ndi zaka zoposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Khoti Lalikulu la ku Dutch latsimikiza kuti mgwirizanowu udzakhalabe wovomerezeka bola ngati khoti silinathetse mgwirizanowu, ndipo kuti kuchotsedwa kwa mgwirizanowu kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali malire a nkhani 2:323 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code. Chifukwa chake, vuto la zikalata zomwe zikusowa kapena zakale lili makamaka pakusatsatira malamulo olembedwa ndi kuulula, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo za kuthekera kopitiliza kuchitidwa komanso mwina udindo wa director, osati chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito kwa mgwirizanowu kapena ziwerengero zakale zokha.
Kwa notary, iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Bola ngati fayilo yophatikizana sinamalizidwe, notary sanganene kuti zofunikira zalamulo zatsatiridwa, monga momwe zimafunikira mu nkhani 2:318 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo kwenikweni adzakana kuchita chikalatacho mpaka fayiloyo itawonjezeredwa. Kwa obwereketsa, chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri chisanachitike kuperekedwa chili ndi ufulu wotsutsa pansi pa nkhani 2:316 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code. Zikalata zomwe zikusowa kapena zakale sizokha chifukwa chotsutsa, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kuti momwe ndalama za kampani yogula pambuyo pa kuphatikizika zipereke chitsimikizo chochepa kuti zomwe zanenedwazo zidzakwaniritsidwa. Khothi limakana pempho lotere ngati wobwereketsa alephera kuchita izi, monga momwe zatsimikizidwiranso mu lamulo laposachedwa la milandu ya Amsterdam Khoti la Chigawo.
Kulemba tsiku mu pempho lophatikizana
Tsiku losankhidwa la akaunti yoyambira si chisankho chomwe chingawonjezedwe pambuyo pake. Ngati zotsatira zobwerezabwereza zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, tsikulo liyenera kuphatikizidwa momveka bwino komanso panthawi yake mu pempho lophatikizana lomwe laperekedwa ku Dutch Chamber of Commerce, motsatira nkhani 2:312 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code. Pempho lophatikizana ndilo maziko a ndondomeko yonseyi, ndipo kupatula tsikuli, lilinso ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka omwe akuphatikizana, kampani yogula, chiŵerengero chosinthidwa chomwe chikuperekedwa ngati kuli koyenera, zotsatira za eni masheya, obwereketsa, ndi anthu ena okhudzidwa, komanso zotsatira za antchito. Pempho lophatikizana losamveka bwino kapena losakwanira lingayambitse mavuto pambuyo pake panthawi yogwira ntchito, panthawi yowunikira zikalata ndi notary, kapena panthawi yowerengera msonkho.
Udindo wa antchito, obwereketsa, ndi eni masheya
Zotsatira za kubwerera m'mbuyo ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kukonza ndalama. Komabe, zotsatira zalamulo kwa anthu ena zimagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a mgwirizano, osati kubwerera m'mbuyo. Ogwira ntchito angakhudzidwe ndi udindo wawo walamulo ndi mgwirizano, obwereketsa ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa womwe wafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndipo eni masheya kapena mamembala, kutengera mawonekedwe alamulo, amakhudzidwa popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi mgwirizano. Kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi zikalata zolondola ndizofunikira kuti tipewe zotsatira za kubwerera m'mbuyo zomwe zasankhidwa kuti zisapangitse molakwika kuti udindo wa magulu awa umasinthanso tsiku loyambirira.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza zotsatira zobwerezabwereza pakulumikizana mwalamulo
Kodi zotsatira za kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zachitika kale zingayambe liti?
Tsikuli lalembedwa mu pempho lophatikizana malinga ndi nkhani 2:312 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachuma chomwe chilipo. Malire omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino akunja salipo, koma tsiku losankhidwalo liyenera kugwirizana ndi malire a lamulo lophatikizana ndi lamulo la maakaunti apachaka ndipo liyenera kugwirizana ndi maakaunti apachaka omaliza a makampani omwe akukhudzidwa.
Kodi zotsatira zobwezeretsa ntchito zimagwiranso ntchito zokha pazifukwa za msonkho?
Ayi. Akuluakulu a Misonkho ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri amavomereza zotsatira za kubweza msonkho mkati mwa dongosolo la kuphatikizana kosakhudza msonkho motsatira nkhani 14b ya Corporate Income Tax Act 1969, bola ngati palibe phindu losayenera la msonkho lomwe lingapezeke, mwachitsanzo pochotsa zotayika molakwika. Malamulo aboma ndi zotsatira za kubweza msonkho nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi, koma izi ziyenera kuyesedwa padera pazochitika zonse.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati zaka zachuma za makampani ophatikizana sizikugwirizana?
Zikatero, tsiku lokhazikika monga 1 Januwale silingaganizidwe kokha. Liyenera kuwunikidwa pa kampani iliyonse momwe tsiku losankhidwalo likugwirizanirana ndi chaka chomaliza cha ndalama chotsekedwa ndi chovomerezeka cha kampaniyo, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafuna njira yokonzedwa bwino.
Kodi zikalata zachuma zakale kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi sizolondola pa pempho lophatikizana?
Ayi, zikalata zimenezo sizovomerezeka, koma sizikukwanira. Bungwe loyang'anira liyenera, malinga ndi nkhani 2:313 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code, kukonzekera akaunti yowonjezera ya pachaka kapena lipoti lakanthawi la katundu ndi ngongole ndikuzipereka pamodzi ndi pempho lophatikizana, malinga ndi nkhani 2:314 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code.
Kodi zikalata zachuma zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji pambuyo poti pempho lophatikizana laperekedwa?
Kuyesa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kumagwira ntchito pokhapokha panthawi yopereka kapena kufalitsa pempho lophatikizana. Kwa nthawi yotsatira, lamulo silipereka nthawi yatsopano yosinthira; komabe, nkhani 2:315 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code ikupereka udindo wopitilira kuwulula kusintha kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi mangawa omwe amachitika pambuyo popereka, mpaka kuphatikizana kuyambe kugwira ntchito. Mu njira yayitali pakati pa kupereka ndi kuchitidwa, ndikwanzeru, posamala, kuwunika ngati zosintha zina kapena kuwulula zikufunika, ngakhale kuti lamulo silikufuna izi mokwanira.
Kodi wobwereketsa angaletse mgwirizanowu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zikalata zachuma?
Wobwereketsa akhoza kupereka chitsutso motsatira nkhani 2:316 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code. Zikalata zomwe zikusowa kapena zakale si chifukwa chodziyimira pawokha chotsutsira, koma zingathandize kuti zikhale zomveka kuti momwe kampaniyo ikufunira ndalama pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwa mgwirizanowu sizipereka chitsimikizo chochepa kuti zomwe zanenedwazo zidzakwaniritsidwa. Khothi limakana pempholi ngati izi sizikuwoneka kuti ndi zomveka.
Kodi mgwirizano ungathetsedwe pambuyo pake chifukwa cha zolakwika mu fayilo yogwirizanitsa?
Kungofikira pamlingo wochepa. Nkhani 2:323 ndime 1 ya Dutch Civil Code ili ndi njira yochepetsera zifukwa zoletsera mgwirizano. Kuphatikizana komwe kwalembedwa mu chikalata chochitidwa ndi notary kumakhala kovomerezeka ndipo kudzakhalabe kovomerezeka malinga ngati khoti silinachotse mgwirizanowo, ngakhale fayilo yogwirizanitsa ikuwonetsa zolakwika mu ndondomeko.
Kodi notary ayenera kukana kupereka chikalatacho ngati zikalata zachuma zikusowa?
Mwachidule, inde. Notary anganene kuti zofunikira zalamulo zatsatiridwa, monga momwe nkhani 2:318 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code ikunenera, ngati fayilo yophatikizana yatha. Ngati zikalata zovomerezeka zikusowa, kukana kuchita mpaka fayiloyo itawonjezeredwa ndiye njira yoyenera yochitira.
Kodi kuphatikiza ndi njira ina yalamulo, monga maziko, kumasintha malamulo?
Inde, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana. Mabungwe okhometsa msonkho monga kuphatikizana kosakondera msonkho sagwira ntchito mofanana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalamulo. Mwachitsanzo, pophatikiza BV yokhala ndi maziko, musamangoganiza njira yokhazikika yolumikizirana pakati pa makampani wamba, koma fufuzani izi pasadakhale.
Mapeto ndi upangiri wogwirizana ndi zosowa za makasitomala
Kubwerera m'mbuyo pakulumikizana mwalamulo ndi chida chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimapangitsa malipoti azachuma kukhala othandiza kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwirizana bwino ndi kukonzanso kwakukulu. Kuphatikizana kokha kumayamba tsiku lotsatira chikalata cha notarial chikaperekedwa, koma pazifukwa zowerengera ndalama nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwirizana ndi tsiku loyambirira lomwe lalembedwa mu lingaliro la kuphatikizana. Kusankha kumeneko kuyenera kukonzedwa mosamala: tsikulo liyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino mu lingaliro la kuphatikizana, oyang'anira ayenera kukhazikitsidwa moyenera, zikalata zachuma ziyenera kukhala zatsopano mokwanira kuti zikwaniritse gawo la miyezi isanu ndi umodzi la nkhani 2:313 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo msonkho uyenera kutsimikiziridwa pazifukwa zenizeni zamabizinesi ndikukhala wotetezedwa.
Uphungu wogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna umafunika makamaka pamilandu yokhudza zaka zosiyanasiyana zachuma, maudindo otayika, zinthu zodutsa malire, kapena kuphatikizana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalamulo. Ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi mwa izi, chonde lemberani. Law & More kuti tsiku losankhidwa la hinge, pempho logwirizanitsa, ndi mbali za msonkho za mgwirizano wanu ziwunikidwe, kuti tithe kukonza njira zofunikira pamodzi.
