Udindo wa Board of Directors: Ntchito, Mphamvu, ndi Ulamuliro

Bungwe la otsogolera ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wotsogolera bungwe ndi kuteteza zofuna zake. Ganizirani izi ngati woyang'anira kampaniyo ndi kampasi: imayika njira, imalemba ntchito ndikuwunika CEO, imavomereza zisankho zazikulu ndi bajeti, imayang'anira chiwopsezo ndi kutsata, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti bizinesiyo ikuyendetsedwa kuti ipindule kwa nthawi yayitali kwa eni ake ndi okhudzidwa. Bungweli silimayang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku-ndiyo ntchito ya oyang'anira-koma limakhazikitsa malamulo amasewera, limafunsa mafunso ovuta, ndipo limayang'anira utsogoleri ndi udindo wosamalira, kukhulupirika, ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe ma board amagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe malamulo amayembekezera kwa otsogolera. Muphunzira kusiyana pakati pa maudindo a bolodi ndi oyang'anira, ma board odziwika (kuphatikiza magawo awiri ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Netherlands ndi kwina), omwe amakhala pa bolodi ndi chifukwa chiyani ufulu uli wofunikira, komanso mabungwe omwe ali ndi ufulu wosankha zochita. Timaphimba makomiti, misonkhano, mikangano yachiwongoladzanja, chiopsezo, GDPR ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo cha cybersecurity, udindo wa director ndi inshuwaransi ya D&O, ndi malamulo apadera achi Dutch a BVs/NVs, makonsolo ogwira ntchito, ndi Corporate Governance Code. Kaya ndinu oyambitsa, Investor, Executive, kapena nonprofit trustee, mupeza mndandanda wothandiza komanso chitsogozo chanthawi yofunsira upangiri wamalamulo.

Kodi gulu la otsogolera ndi chiyani komanso momwe limayenderana ndi kayendetsedwe ka makampani

Udindo wa komiti ya madirekita ndi kutumikira monga bungwe lolamulira ndi kuyang'anira mwachilungamo. Mu utsogoleri wamakampani, ili pachimake pa dongosolo la malamulo, machitidwe, ndi maulamuliro omwe amatsogolera kampani. Osankhidwa ndi omwe ali ndi masheya m'makampani aboma ndikupatsidwa mphamvu ndi zolemba ndi malamulo, bungweli limakhazikitsa njira, limasankha ndikuwunika CEO, limavomereza zisankho zazikulu ndi za M&A, ndikuyang'anira ziwopsezo, malipoti, ndi machitidwe. Otsogolera odziyimira pawokha ndi makomiti a board amatsimikizira kuyankha komanso kupanga phindu kwanthawi yayitali.

Board motsutsana ndi kasamalidwe: kugawa maudindo momveka bwino

Mabodi amalamulira; management imayendetsa bizinesi. Udindo wa komiti yoyang'anira ndikukhazikitsa malangizo ndi kuteteza kukhulupirika, pomwe oyang'anira azichita. Kaya kamangidwe kake, komitiyi imagwira ntchito ngati yodalirika, imasankha ndikuwunika wamkulu wa CEO, imatanthauzira chiwopsezo chofuna kudya komanso zofunika kwambiri, ndipo imachititsa kuti oyang'anira aziyankha poyang'anira pawokha komanso kupereka malipoti.

• Board: kuvomereza njira/bajeti; kusankha M&A ndi zopindula; khazikitsa ndondomeko ya malipiro; kuyang'anira chiopsezo, kutsata, kufufuza.
• Management: perekani mapulani; gwiritsani ntchito; kuyang'anira anthu ndi kuwongolera; kupanga akaunti; khazikitsani ndondomeko.

Magulu a Board: One-tier vs two-tier (Netherlands ndi kupitirira)

Kukonzekera kwa board kumapanga momwe kuyang'anira kumachitika. Mu gulu limodzi (logwirizana), oyang'anira ndi osakhala akuluakulu / odziyimira pawokha amakhala pa bolodi limodzi: oyang'anira amalingalira ndikuwongolera, pomwe osayang'anira amapereka zovuta, kupanga makomiti, ndikupangitsa CEO kuti ayankhe. Mwachitsanzo cha magawo awiri, gulu loyang'anira limayang'anira kampaniyo komanso yosiyana oyang'anira oyang'anira amaika, kuyang'anira, ndi kuvomereza zisankho zazikulu koma samayendetsa ntchito. Netherlands imalola onse ma BV ndi ma NV; Makampani ambiri aku Dutch ndi Germany amagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri, pomwe misika yaku US/UK imakonda gawo limodzi.

Kupanga kwa board ndi maudindo akuluakulu (wapampando, CEO, wodziyimira pawokha komanso wosakhala wamkulu)

Kupanga bwino kwa board kumalinganiza maluso ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Ma board ambiri amakhala ndi otsogolera asanu mpaka khumi; makampani omwe adatchulidwa amafuna otsogolera ambiri odziyimira pawokha komanso umembala wodziyimira pawokha pamakomiti ofunikira (malinga ndi malamulo a NYSE/Nasdaq). Oyang'anira ma Boards mix Executive (mkati) - nthawi zambiri CEO - wokhala ndi otsogolera omwe si akuluakulu komanso odziyimira pawokha kuti apereke chiweruzo ndi kuchepetsa mikangano.

• Mpando: Amakhazikitsa ajenda, amatsogolera misonkhano, amapanga makomiti, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti board ikugwira ntchito.
• CEO (woyang'anira): Amayendetsa ntchito ndikukonza njira / bajeti; m'makampani ena amagwiranso ntchito ngati mpando wa bungwe.
• Odziyimira pawokha omwe si akuluakulu: Perekani zovuta, kuchepetsa mikangano ya zofuna, ndipo nthawi zambiri makomiti owerengera, malipiro, ndi kusankha.

Ntchito zazikulu ndi kukhulupirika kwa otsogolera

Pamtima pa udindo wa bungwe la oyang'anira ndi ntchito zodalirika zomwe zimaperekedwa ku kampani (ndipo, m'makampani aboma, eni ake). Otsogolera akuyenera kuchita ntchito yosamalira podziwa bwino, kulimbikira, ndi kufufuza; udindo wa kukhulupirika mwa kuika zofuna za kampani patsogolo ndi kuthetsa kusamvana; ndi udindo wachikhulupiriro chabwino pochita mwalamulo ndi mwaubwino. Maudindowa amathandizira kuyang'anira kodziyimira pawokha pakupanga njira, kuopsa ndi kuwongolera kwamkati, malipoti olondola azachuma, kutsata, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito - makamaka pazochitika zazikulu kapena zovuta.

• Ntchito ya chisamaliro: Konzekerani, khalani nawo, funsani, ndi kufunsa akatswiri.
• Udindo wa kukhulupirika: Ululani mikangano, siyani ngati pakufunika, pewani kuchita malonda / kugulitsa mkati.
• Chikhulupiriro chabwino ndi kutsata: Onetsetsani zovomerezeka, zoyendetsera ntchito ndi ndondomeko.
• Kuyang'anira Ngozi ndi Malipoti: Khalani pachiwopsezo chilakolako; kuyang'anira maulamuliro ndi malipoti achilungamo, oyenerera.
• Kuyankha ndi kuwonekera: Lembani zisankho ndikuyankhulana moyenera ndi omwe akukhudzidwa nawo.

Mphamvu ndi ufulu wachisankho: zomwe ma board angachite ndi zomwe sangathe kuchita

Ulamuliro wa bolodi umachokera ku malamulo, zolemba za incorporation, ndi malamulo ang'onoang'ono. Udindo wa komiti yoyang'anira ndi kupanga zisankho zazikulu, zazitali za njira, utsogoleri, chuma, ndi kuyang'anira - osati kuyendetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

• Khazikitsani mayendedwe ndi chiwopsezo chofuna kudya: Vomerezani njira, bajeti, ndi ndondomeko zazikulu.
• Kusankha atsogoleri kuti aziyankha: Gwirani ntchito, kuyesa, kubweza, ndikuchotsa CEO ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu.
• Vomerezani zochita zazikulu: Green-light M&A, ndalama zazikulu, kugulitsa katundu, ndi ndalama.
• Tetezani malipoti ndi zowongolera: Kuyang'anira zachuma, kufufuza, ndi kutsata; kuvomereza mapulani ndi ndondomeko za chilungamo/chipukuta misozi monga ziloledwa.
• Ulamuliro wa Shape: Pangani makomiti, malamulo amkati, ndi mfundo zamakhalidwe.

Mabodi sangathe kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito kapena kupitilira zinthu zomwe zasungidwa kwa omwe ali ndi ma sheya (mwachitsanzo, kutengera maakaunti apachaka m'malo ambiri) ndipo akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu malinga ndi ntchito zawo zovomerezeka komanso zotsatiridwa kapena zofunikira pakuwongolera.

Makomiti a Board: kafukufuku, malipiro, kusankha, chiopsezo / ESG

Makomiti amakulitsa udindo wa bungwe la oyang'anira poyang'ana ukatswiri pamitu yovuta. Makampani omwe adalembedwa amakhala ndi makomiti akuluakulu okhala ndi otsogolera odziyimira pawokha. Iliyonse imagwira ntchito motsatizana ndi tchata, ipereka lipoti ku komiti, ndipo imalimbitsa uyang'aniro popanda kuchepetsa udindo wa gulu.

• Kafukufuku: Imayang'anira malipoti, kuyang'anira mkati, ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa auditor.
• Malipiro: Amakhazikitsa malipiro a CEO, zolimbikitsa, mapulani azinthu; amaonetsetsa kuti malipiro akugwira ntchito.
• Kusankhidwa/Ulamuliro: Maonekedwe a bolodi, kudziyimira pawokha, kutsatizana, kuwunika.
• Ngozi/ESG: Imayang'anira zoopsa zamabizinesi, cybersecurity / chinsinsi, nyengo komanso kukhazikika.

Kusankhidwa, kukhala paudindo, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa otsogolera

Oyang'anira amasankhidwa pansi pa zolemba ndi malamulo ang'onoang'ono ndi malamulo oyenera. M'makampani aboma, ofuna kusankhidwa amasankhidwa ndi komiti yosankhidwa ndi komiti kapena ndi osunga ndalama ndikusankhidwa ndi omwe ali ndi masheya pamsonkhano wapachaka. Kukhala paudindo kumafotokozedwa m'malamulo ang'onoang'ono; ma board ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu osasunthika kuti alimbikitse kupitiliza pomwe amalola kutsitsimula nthawi ndi nthawi.

• Makampani achinsinsi: Sankhani otsogolera monga momwe zafotokozedwera m'malamulo ang'onoang'ono kapena mapangano ogawana nawo.
• Kudziyimira pawokha: Makampani omwe adalembedwa ayenera kukwaniritsa malamulo osinthana (mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu odziyimira pawokha, makomiti odziyimira pawokha).
• Kuchotsa: Mwa voti ya eni ake kapena motsatira malamulo a boma pazifukwa (mwachitsanzo, kuphwanya malamulo).
• Kusankhidwanso: Oyang'anira amayimira chivomerezo cha eni ake pakatha nthawi (nthawi zambiri motsatizana).

Ndondomeko za Board: misonkhano, quorum, mavoti, ndi mphindi

Ndondomeko za komiti zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo, zolemba, ndi malamulo, ndikuyendetsedwa ndi wapampando ndi mlembi. Misonkhano imatsatira kalendala yapachaka (kawirikawiri kotala), yokhala ndi mapepala a panthaŵi yake, ndipo imachitika monga momwe malamulowo amavomerezera. Chiwerengero chovomerezeka nthawi zambiri chimatanthawuza otsogolera ambiri; wotsogolera aliyense ali ndi mawu ndi voti ya zisankho zotetezedwa.

• Chidziwitso ndi ajenda: Mpandoyo amayitanitsa misonkhano, amakhazikitsa ndondomeko, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zatumizidwa pasadakhale.
• Mphindi ndi zolemba: Mlembi amalemba zigamulo ndi kutsutsa kulikonse; Mphindi zimasainidwa (nthawi zambiri ndi wapampando ndi mlembi) ndikusungidwa mu bukhu la miniti.

Kusemphana kwa chidwi ndi chitetezo chodziyimira pawokha

Ntchito ya komiti ya otsogolera imaphatikizapo kupewa ndi kusamalira mikangano ya zofuna-pamene maubwenzi a director, azachuma, kapena okhudzidwa angasokoneze chiweruzo. Udindo wa kukhulupirika umafuna kuwululidwa pa nthawi yake, zolembedwa zolephereka, ndikuwunikiridwanso kodziyimira pawokha (nthawi zambiri ndi gulu lodziyimira palokha komanso makomiti owerengera odziyimira pawokha, malipiro, ndi makomiti osankhidwa malinga ndi NYSE/Nasdaq). Kutetezedwa kolimba kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi zochitika zamagulu, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri zamkati, umboni wapachaka wodziyimira pawokha, ndi mphindi zomwe zimalemba zowulula ndi zoletsa.

Kuyang'anira zoopsa, kutsata, ndi machitidwe (kuphatikiza GDPR ndi cybersecurity)

Udindo wa bungwe la oyang'anira umaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa chikhumbo chofuna kukhala pachiwopsezo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machitidwe olimba amayang'anira chiwopsezo, kutsata, ndi chikhalidwe. Otsogolera sagwiritsa ntchito zowongolera; amafunikira umboni woti makomiti otsogolera ndi odziyimira pawokha amazindikira, kuwunika, ndikuchepetsa ndalama, zamalamulo, zogwirira ntchito, zachinsinsi (GDPR), komanso zoopsa zachitetezo cha pa intaneti. Amayembekezera malipoti achilungamo, oyenerera, kukonzanso kodalirika, ndi chikhalidwe chochirikiza kakhalidwe kovomerezeka ndi kakhalidwe.

• Vomerezani zomangira: Mfundo zowopsa zamakampani, pulogalamu yotsatiridwa, ndi malamulo amakhalidwe okhala ndi njira zoyankhulira.
• Kufuna mawonekedwe: Ma dashboards okhazikika pazowopsa zazikulu, zochitika, kufufuza, ndi kusintha kwamalamulo.
• Tetezani zambiri: Ulamuliro wachinsinsi wogwirizana ndi GDPR, ukhondo wachitetezo, kuyesa, ndikukonzekera kuyankha kwazochitika.
• Yang'anirani magulu ena / ESG: Chiwopsezo chaopereka ndi zomwe zikungochitika kumene.
• Onetsetsani kuti zakonzeka: Kuchulukirachulukira, maudindo agulu lamavuto, ndi ndemanga zolembedwa pambuyo pa zochitika.

Udindo wa Director ndi chitetezo (kuphatikiza inshuwaransi ya D&O)

Otsogolera akhoza kukumana umwini wamba ndi zowongolera chifukwa chophwanya ntchito yodalirika, zowulutsa zabodza, kulephera kuyang'anira pachiwopsezo / kutsata, kusemphana ndi zofuna, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zambiri zamkati kapena ndalama. Ogawana ndi owongolera amatha kufufuza, kuchotsa, kapena kutsutsa; kuwonekera kwaupandu kungabwere chifukwa chachinyengo kapena malonda amkati. Chitetezo chimaphatikizapo kubweza ngongole zamakampani ovomerezeka, kupititsa patsogolo mtengo wachitetezo, njira zowongolera, komanso inshuwaransi yodzipereka ya oyang'anira ndi maofesala (D&O).

• Zofunikira za inshuwaransi ya D&O: Mbali A (zotayika zomwe sizingabwezedwe), Mbali B (ndalama zobweza zamakampani), Side C (zomangamanga zamabizinesi).

Malingaliro apadera pansi pa malamulo achi Dutch (BV/NV, khonsolo ya ntchito, malamulo olamulira)

Makampani achi Dutch nthawi zambiri amatenga mawonekedwe a BV (private limited) kapena NV (public limited). Onse atha kukhala ndi gulu limodzi (oyang'anira ndi osakhala akuluakulu pamodzi) kapena mitundu iwiri (gulu loyang'anira losiyana ndi oyang'anira oyang'anira). Malamulo aku Dutch ndi machitidwe amsika amawonjezera zinthu zingapo zomwe maboma ayenera kutsatira.

• Bungwe la Works (WOR): M'makampani oyenerera, bungwe la Work Council lili ndi ufulu wokambirana pazisankho zazikulu ndipo, m'makampani ena akuluakulu, amakhudza kusankhidwa kwa komiti.
• Ulamuliro wamakampani akuluakulu (structuurregime): Zimayambitsa mphamvu zowonjezera kwa komiti yoyang'anira ndi ndondomeko zosankhidwa.
• Khodi yaku Dutch Corporate Governance: Imagwira ntchito potsatira kapena kufotokozera makampani omwe ali pamndandanda, kutsindika ufulu, malipiro oyenera, kuwongolera zoopsa, komanso kupereka malipoti mowonekera.

Mabodi muzopanda phindu, maziko, ndi mabizinesi apabanja

Mabungwe osapindula ndi maziko (nthawi zambiri "matrasti") amayendetsa ntchito ya mishoni m'malo mwa omwe ali ndi masheya. Amakhazikitsa njira ndi bajeti, kuteteza katundu ndi kukhulupirirana ndi anthu, amayang'anira kutsatiridwa ndi makhalidwe abwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayang'anira kapezedwe ka ndalama; mamembala ambiri amatumikira popanda malipiro. Mu mabizinesi apabanja, ma board amaphatikiza otsogolera eni (eni) okhala ndi mawu odziyimira pawokha kuti azilinganiza zokonda zabanja ndi momwe bizinesi ikuyendera. Kaya ndi upangiri, gulu limodzi, kapena oyang'anira, amayang'anira kupanga zisankho mwaukadaulo, kuthandizira kupitiriza kwanthawi yayitali, kuthana ndi kusamvana, ndikuwonjezera kuyankha popanda kuthamangitsa kasamalidwe katsiku ndi tsiku.

ESG ndi ziyembekezo za omwe akukhudzidwa akupanga ma board amakono

Ukapitao wa anthu okhudzidwa wakweza mphamvu yakuyankha. Otsatsa malonda (kuphatikiza omenyera ufulu), ogwira ntchito, oyang'anira, ndi mawayilesi tsopano akuyembekeza kuti ma board atsogolere pazofunikira za chilengedwe, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi utsogoleri, osati kungovomereza. Monga gawo la komiti ya oyang'anira, ESG imatengedwa ngati mtengo wanthawi yayitali komanso kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, yokhala ndi malipoti owonekera, osakondera, komanso olinganiza kuti apangitse kukhulupirirana.

• Kuopsa kwanyengo ndi chilengedwe: Phatikizani kuopsa kwa nyengo ndi zolinga mu ndondomeko ndi chikhumbo cha chiopsezo.
• Chuma cha anthu ndi kuphatikiza: Kuyang'anira chikhalidwe, chitetezo, kusiyana, ndi kutsatizana.
• Ethics, data, ndi magulidwe akatundu: Onetsetsani zachinsinsi / cybersecurity komanso mayendedwe oyenera.
• Malipiro ndi zolimbikitsa: Gwirizanitsani malipiro a akuluakulu ndi ntchito yokhazikika.
• Kuyankhulana ndi okhudzidwa ndi kuwulula: Zotengera umboni, malipoti oyenerera a ESG ndi kukambirana.

Mndandanda wa maulamuliro othandiza kwa otsogolera

Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda wachangu uwu kuti udindo wa oyang'anira ukhazikike pa kuyang'anira, osati ntchito. Gwirizanitsani ndi zolemba zanu/malamulo ndi ma code omwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Unikaninso chaka ndi chaka ndikulemba zisankho ndi kutsutsa kulikonse.

• Kalendala ya Board & Agendas: Ndondomeko yapachaka; mapepala a nthawi yake.
• Kudziyimira pawokha & mikangano: Matrix a luso; kuwulula, bwererani, miniti.
• Njira, zoopsa & malipoti: Kuvomereza mapulani; kuyang'anira koyenera.
• Malipiro a CEO: Unikani ntchito; kugwirizanitsa zolimbikitsa; payipi.
• Komiti & Zolemba: Kuwunika, malipiro, kusankha, chiopsezo / ESG.
• Zambiri, GDPR & cyber: Ndondomeko, kuyesa, buku lamasewera la zochitika.
• Kuchita nawo mbali: Ogawana nawo, bungwe lantchito, owongolera.
• D&O, zobweza & maphunziro: Kuphimba pamalo; kukwera; kuwunika.

Nthawi yofunsira upangiri wazamalamulo pankhani za board

Fufuzani uphungu mwamsanga kuti mupewe kuphwanya ntchito, kusagwirizana kwa ntchito, ndi kuphwanya malamulo kapena ogawana nawo. Ku Netherlands, ma board a BVs/NV akuyenera kudziyimira pawokha upangiri walamulo pa mikangano yachiwongola dzanja kapena mgwirizano wamaphwando, M&A ndindandalama zazikulu, kusankhidwa kwa otsogolera / kuchotsedwa kapena kutsekeka kwa board, kufunsana ndi khonsolo yantchito ndi mafunso amomwe mungakhazikitsire, kufufuza ndi kuwulutsa mluzu, zochitika za GDPR / cyber, ndi zowulula zokhudzana ndi msika kapena zisankho zogawa.

Kutsiliza

Ma board amphamvu amapanga makampani abwinoko. Otsogolera akamvetsetsa ntchito zawo, mphamvu zawo, ndi malire awo, amanola njira, amalimbitsa maulamuliro, ndikupanga chidaliro ndi omwe ali ndi masheya, antchito, ndi owongolera. Udindo wa komiti ndi kuyang'anira, osati kachitidwe - kukhazikitsa malangizo, kusankha ndi kutsutsa utsogoleri, kuteteza malipoti ndi chiopsezo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.

Ngati mukupanga gulu, kukhala membala wotsitsimula, kapena mukuyang'anizana ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri - M&A, malipiro, mikangano, kufunsana ndi khonsolo yantchito, GDPR / cyber oversight, kapena kuwunika kwa D&O - pezani upangiri wogwirizana musanachitepo kanthu. Ma chart omveka bwino, njira zolimba, ndi zigamulo zolembedwa ndiye chitetezo chanu chabwino kwambiri. Kuti mupeze thandizo lothandizira, lodutsa malire pansi pa malamulo achi Dutch a ma BV/NV ndi magulu apadziko lonse lapansi, lankhulani ndi olamulira athu ndi akatswiri akampani ku. Law & More. Timathandizira ma board kuti azigwira bwino ntchito, kulemba zisankho moyenera, ndikuthetsa mikangano mwachangu - kuti mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pamtengo wanthawi yayitali.