Zilango ndi njira zoletsa zomwe bungwe la United Nations Security Council kapena bungwe la European Union lakhazikitsa kuti lisinthe khalidwe la boma, bungwe kapena munthu aliyense. Ku Netherlands, malamulo a zilango za EU amagwira ntchito mwachindunji, popanda lamulo lililonse lokhazikitsa, ndipo Sanctiewet 1977 imapereka dongosolo la dziko lonse loyang'anira ndi kukakamiza. Kuphwanya malamulowa ndi mlandu wa zachuma, ndipo udindo sudalira kudziwa kuti mnzawo wina walembedwa pamndandanda.
Kwa bizinesi ya ku Netherlands, kutsatira ziletso ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri si nkhani yokhudza mfundo zakunja. Nkhani yake ndi yakuti kasitomala winawake, wogulitsa, kutumiza kapena kulipira kwagwidwa, ndani amasankha, ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika pamene mgwirizano ukuwonekera. Bukuli likufotokoza za malamulo, ziletso ziwiri zomwe zimakhudza makampani ambiri, malo oyang'anira aku Netherlands komanso njira zothandiza zomwe kutsatira ziletso ku Netherlands kumafuna.
Kumene malamulo amachokera
Zigawo zitatu zimagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo kuzisokoneza ndiye gwero lofala kwambiri la zolakwika.
Pa mlingo wapadziko lonse, Bungwe la Chitetezo la UN limagwiritsa ntchito njira zosakhala zankhondo motsatira Article 41 ya UN Charter. Izi zimamanga mayiko omwe ali mamembala koma sizipanga okha maudindo ku kampani ya ku Netherlands; ziyenera kubweretsedwa kaye ku EU kapena malamulo adziko.
Pa mlingo wa EU, zilango zimayamba ngati chisankho cha Bungwe motsatira mfundo zakunja ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimatengedwa mogwirizana. Chisankho chimenecho chimakakamiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala koma sichigwira ntchito mwachindunji ku mabizinesi. Ngati njirazi zili mkati mwa mphamvu za Mgwirizano, ndipo njira zachuma ndi zamalonda zili mkati, Bungweli limavomereza lamulo motsatira Nkhani 215 ya Pangano Lokhudza Kugwira Ntchito kwa Mgwirizano wa ku Ulaya. Lamulo limenelo limagwira ntchito mwachindunji m'dziko lililonse lomwe lili mamembala, kuphatikizapo Netherlands, ndipo ndi chida chomwe gulu lanu lotsatira malamulo liyenera kuwerenga. Njira zomwe sizili kunja kwa mphamvu za Mgwirizano, makamaka ziletso za zida ndi ziletso zolowera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala okha.
Pa mlingo wa dziko, Sanctiewet 1977 imapereka maziko a malamulo oyendetsera dziko la Dutch (sanctieregelingen), imasankha akuluakulu oyang'anira ndikugwirizanitsa kuphwanya malamulo ndi Wet op de economische delicten. Onani kapangidwe kake: Netherlands sisintha Sanctiewet 1977 nthawi iliyonse EU ikagwiritsa ntchito phukusi. Malamulo a EU amagwira ntchito yokha, ndipo zida za Dutch zimagwira ntchito yoyang'anira, njira zadziko ndi kukakamiza.
Kuyerekeza malamulo a EU ndi zisankho za EU
| mbali | Lamulo la bungwe (Nkhani 215 TFEU) | Chisankho cha CFSP (Ndime 29 TEU) |
|---|---|---|
| Zotsatira zalamulo | Imagwira ntchito mwachindunji kwa mabizinesi ndi anthu pawokha ku Netherlands | Kumangirira mayiko omwe ali mamembala; sikukugwira ntchito mwachindunji ku mabizinesi |
| Zomwe zili m'gulu | Kuyimitsa katundu, zoletsa zachuma, zoletsa kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja, zoletsa ntchito | Chisankho cha ndale, kuphatikiza ziletso za zida ndi ziletso zolowera |
| Kukhazikitsa dziko lonse | Palibe chomwe chikufunika; lamulo la ku Dutch limangokhudza kuyang'anira ndi kukakamiza | Zofunikira pazinthu zomwe sizili kunja kwa mphamvu za Union |
Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yazachuma imayamba kugwira ntchito lamuloli likangosindikizidwa mu Official Journal, pomwe kuletsa zida kapena kuletsa visa kumadalira njira zadziko.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya muyeso
Zilango zachuma zimaletsa ndalama ndi chuma cha anthu ndi mabungwe osankhidwa, ndipo zimaletsa aliyense kupereka ndalama kapena chuma chachuma kwa iwo. Mainawa amapezeka pamndandanda wa anthu, magulu ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi zilango zachuma wa EU, womwe umasungidwa ndi European Commission ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi, nthawi zina kangapo pa sabata.
Malamulo amalonda amaletsa kutumiza, kutumiza kunja, kugulitsa, kupereka kapena kusamutsa katundu ndi ukadaulo winawake, kaya munthu wosankhidwayo akutenga nawo mbali kapena ayi. Ulamuliro wa Russia, womangidwa pa malamulo a gawo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2014 ndipo adakulitsidwa kwambiri kuyambira 2022, ndiye chitsanzo chachikulu kwambiri, chokhudza mphamvu, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri, ukadaulo wapamwamba, katundu wapamwamba, zinthu zachitsulo ndi zitsulo, ndi diamondi. Ziletso za zida zamayiko osiyanasiyana zimagwira ntchito limodzi nazo, komanso zoletsa za miyala yamchere yankhondo.
Kuletsa ntchito ndi gulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa, chifukwa limagwirira mabizinesi omwe satumiza chilichonse. Kutengera ndi dongosolo, kupereka ntchito zowerengera ndalama, zowerengera ndalama, upangiri wamisonkho, upangiri wazamalamulo, IT, uinjiniya, zomangamanga ndi upangiri wa kasamalidwe ku mabungwe omwe akhazikitsidwa m'dziko lomwe likufunidwa kungaletsedwe kotheratu.
Njira zoyendera ndi zandale zikuphatikizapo ziletso zolowera m'dera la Schengen komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa kulumikizana ndi zandale. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu pawokha osati makampani ogulitsa, koma zimasonyeza momwe mndandanda ungapangidwire.
Zoletsa ziwiri zomwe zimagwira makampani ambiri
Kuletsa katundu kumachita zinthu ziwiri zosiyana, ndipo mabizinesi amakonda kumvetsetsa choyamba chokha. Kumaletsa zomwe munthu wosankhidwayo ali nazo, ndipo kumaletsa aliyense kupereka ndalama kapena zinthu zachuma kwa munthuyo, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina . Gawo lachiwiri ndi lomwe limabweretsa ngongole, chifukwa limagwira ntchito pazinthu wamba zamalonda zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi akaunti ya banki: kutumiza katundu, kupereka chithandizo, kulipira invoice, kutulutsa ndalama zosungira kapena kuwonjezera ngongole.
umwini ndi kulamulira
Mawuwa mosapita m'mbali aperekedwa ndi Council's EU Best Practices kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino njira zoletsa. Malinga ndi mtundu womwe wasinthidwa mu Julayi 2024, bungwe limaonedwa ngati la munthu wosankhidwa pomwe munthuyo ali ndi ufulu wake wa umwini wa 50% kapena kuposerapo kapena ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu, ndipo katundu wa anthu angapo osankhidwa amasonkhanitsidwa kuti afike pamlingo umenewo. Payokha, bungwe likhoza kugwidwa chifukwa munthu wosankhidwayo amalilamulira, zomwe zingatsatire mphamvu yosankha kapena kuchotsa oyang'anira, kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, kapena kuchokera ku mapangano omwe amasiya umwini wovomerezeka pansi pa malire pomwe kupanga zisankho zenizeni kuli kwina.
Malangizowa akuwonetsanso zizindikiro zomwe ziyenera kuyambitsa kufufuza mozama: magawo omwe adasamutsidwa nthawi yochepa asanafike kapena atangosankhidwa, njira zoguliranso, achibale kapena ogwira nawo ntchito akale omwe akuwoneka ngati eni masheya, ndi maunyolo amakampani omwe amadutsa m'malo owonekera pang'ono. Kufufuza dzina la kasitomala pamndandanda sikuyankha chilichonse mwa izi. Kusanthula kwa umwini kuyenera kudutsa mu unyolowo kupita kwa eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo pomwe nyumba sizikuwonekera bwino, njira yotetezeka ndiyo kusiya m'malo mongoganiza.
Dziwani kuti mayeso awa a 50% si ofanana ndi malire a 25% omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri pansi pa lamulo loletsa kusamba ndalama. Machitidwe awiriwa amafanana mu deta yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito koma amayankha mafunso osiyanasiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito malire oletsa kusamba ndalama poyesa zilango ndi cholakwika chobwerezabwereza komanso chokwera mtengo.
Kuzungulira
Lamulo lililonse la zilango za EU lili ndi chiletso choletsa kutenga nawo mbali, mwadala komanso mwadala, muzochitika zomwe cholinga chake kapena zotsatira zake ndi kupeŵa njirazi. Ichi ndi cholakwa chodziyimira pawokha. Kusintha malonda kuti katundu afike pamsika womwe akufuna kudzera m'dziko lachitatu, kuyika mkhalapakati kuti abise wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena kugawa malipiro kuti akhale pansi pa malire a malipoti kungaphwanye ngakhale kuti gawo lililonse, lowonedwa lokha, lingakhale lovomerezeka. Kuyambira 2023 maboma angapo akhazikitsanso udindo wofufuza bwino kwa ogulitsa kunja kuti aletse kutumizanso zinthu zomwe zalembedwa ku Russia, zomwe zimasuntha gawo la katundu pa mgwirizano.
Ndani amayang'anira ndi kukakamiza ku Netherlands
Udindo umagawidwa, ndipo kudziwa ulamuliro woti mulankhule kumapulumutsa nthawi yambiri.
Banki ya De Nederlandsche ndi Autoriteit Financiële Markten amayang'anira kutsatira malamulo a Sanctiewet 1977 ndi mabungwe azachuma mkati mwa ntchito zawo. Amawunika ngati njira za bungwe lozindikiritsa ubale ndi zochitika motsutsana ndi mndandanda wa zilango ndizokwanira, ndipo amatha kupereka chindapusa cha oyang'anira ndi malamulo omwe angapereke chilango. Pamene bungwe lizindikira munthu wosankhidwa pakati pa abale ake, liyenera kudziwitsa woyang'anira wake mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito fomu yofotokozera yomwe yaperekedwa; DNB ndi AFM amapereka malipoti amenewo ku Unduna wa Zachuma.
Kasitomu, ndipo mkati mwake Centrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer, amakakamiza njira zamalonda pamalire ndipo amasamalira zilolezo ndi zilolezo za katundu. Unduna wa Zachilendo umatsogolera pa mfundo zoletsa komanso malamulo oyendetsera dziko. Kufufuza milandu ndi nkhani ya FIOD ndi mlandu wa Openbaar Ministerie, chifukwa kuphwanya Sanctiewet 1977 ndi mlandu wazachuma pansi pa Wet op de economische delicten.
Kwa kampani yomwe si bungwe la zachuma palibe woyang'anira m'modzi yekha komanso palibe kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa molakwika ngati kusakhala ndi udindo. Zoletsa zomwe zili mu malamulo a EU zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji kwa aliyense, ndipo kusowa kwa woyang'anira kumangotanthauza kuti kulumikizana koyamba ndi akuluakulu aboma kungakhale kufufuza osati kuyendera kutsatira malamulo.
Zilango ndi mlandu waupandu
Kuswa lamulo la zilango ndi mlandu wa zachuma ku Netherlands. Kungaimbidwe mlandu ngati mlandu wolakwika kapena, ngati wachitika mwadala, ngati mlandu, ndipo zilango zomwe zilipo zikuphatikizapo kumangidwa, chindapusa, kulandidwa kwa ndalama zomwe zapezeka, ndi malamulo otseka bizinesi kapena kuchotsa ufulu. Milingo ya chindapusa imakhazikitsidwa ndi magulu alamulo omwe amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo kwa makampani khothi likhoza kupereka chindapusa cha gulu lalikulu pomwe muyezo wapamwamba siwokwanira; ziwerengerozo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse molingana ndi zomwe zalembedwa pano osati molingana ndi nambala yomwe yatchulidwa m'nkhani. Chindapusa choyang'anira chomwe DNB kapena AFM imayika m'mabungwe azachuma chimayenda limodzi ndi, ndipo si njira ina, ya mlandu waupandu.
Pa mlingo wa EU, Lamulo (EU) 2024/1226 lokhudza tanthauzo la milandu yaupandu ndi zilango za kuphwanya malamulo oletsa mgwirizano linasindikizidwa pa 29 Epulo 2024 ndipo linayenera kusinthidwa ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala pofika pa 20 Meyi 2025. Limafuna mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti alembe mndandanda wa machitidwe, kuphatikizapo kupereka ndalama kwa munthu wosankhidwa, kubisa umwini wopindulitsa, kulephera kupereka malipoti komwe kukufunika, ndi kuswa malamulo amalonda, ndipo limakhazikitsa zilango zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukhala m'ndende zaka zosachepera zisanu pamagulu akuluakulu. Limapangitsanso kuphwanya zilango kukhala mlandu wokhudza kutsuka ndalama, zomwe ndizofunikira chifukwa zimatsegula njira yachiwiri yopezera milandu ndi kupereka malipoti pansi pa lamulo loletsa kutsuka ndalama. Nkhani yathu yokhudza kutsuka ndalama ndi zochitika zachilendo pansi pa lamulo la Dutch ikufotokoza za kusakanikirana kumeneku.
Udindo suli pa kampani yokha. Oyang'anira ndi akuluakulu amatha kuimbidwa mlandu payekha ngati apereka malangizo kapena, podziwa za khalidwelo, osalowererapo. Zotsatira za mbiri ndi mabanki nthawi zambiri zimachitika milandu isanachitike: banki yomwe imadziwika kuti ili ndi zilango nthawi zambiri imayimitsa kaye malipirowo ndikufunsa mafunso pambuyo pake.
Zimene kutsata malamulo kumafuna kwenikweni
Mfundo yaikulu yokhudza kutsatira zilango ku Netherlands ndi yaing'ono komanso yosakongola. Onani makasitomala, ogulitsa, oimira pakati, eni masheya ndi ogwiritsa ntchito potsatira mndandanda wa EU, ndikuwunikiranso zomwe zilipo nthawi iliyonse mndandanda ukasintha m'malo mongolowa m'gulu, chifukwa maudindo amayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndipo ubale womwe ulipo umakhala wosaloledwa usiku umodzi. Unikani umwini ndi ulamuliro kudzera mu unyolo, osati dzina lokha lomwe lili pa mgwirizano. Dziwani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pomaliza katundu, ndikulemba momwe mudazikhazikitsira.
Pangani udindo mu pangano. Zilango ndi zitsimikizo, udindo wodziwitsa kusintha kwa umwini, gawo losatumizanso katundu kunja kwa mayiko omwe amafunikira, ndi ufulu wothetsa kapena kuyimitsa womwe umagwira ntchito popanda kuphwanya zonse ndi zokhazikika ndipo zonse ndizosavuta kuvomereza musanasainire kuposa mutasankha. Malangizo athu pa mapangano amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi akufotokoza momwe zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito ndi zina zonse za panganoli.
Ngati vuto lagundana, siyani. Musatulutse katundu, musapereke malipiro ndipo musauze mnzanu kuti mukufufuza, chifukwa zimenezo zingathandize kupewa. Tsimikizani ngati ndi zofanana, lembani kusanthula, muyimitse zomwe ziyenera kuyimitsidwa, ndipo dziwitsani akuluakulu oyenerera. Mabungwe azachuma amauza woyang'anira wawo nthawi yomweyo; mabizinesi ena ayenera kulandira upangiri pa ulamuliro womwe angafikire pa ndondomeko yomwe ikukambidwa. Kuchitapo kanthu kaye ndikufunsa pambuyo pake ndi njira yolakwika apa, chifukwa udindo woyimitsidwa umaluma nthawi yomweyo.
Kukhululukidwa, kunyozedwa ndi kuchotsedwa m'gulu
Malamulo okhudza zilango ali ndi ma valve awoawo othawa, ndipo kuwagwiritsa ntchito ndi njira yovomerezeka osati kukambirana. Lamulo lililonse limalemba ulamuliro woyenera wa dziko lililonse la membala mu annex, ndipo pempho loletsa lamulo limapita ku bungwe lotchedwa pamenepo la Netherlands. Zilolezo zamalonda zimayendetsedwa ndi Customs kudzera mu Centrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer; kuletsa lamulo chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa ndalama kumayendetsedwa ndi unduna wodalirika.
Zifukwa zake zafotokozedwa mu lamulo lokha ndipo ndi zochepa kuposa momwe ofunsira ambiri amayembekezera. Magulu ambiri amaphatikizapo zosowa zoyambira za munthu wosankhidwa, ndalama zoyenera zaukadaulo, malipiro omwe ayenera kulipidwa pansi pa mgwirizano womwe wapangidwa asanasankhidwe, zolinga zachifundo, ndipo, m'maboma ena, kugulitsa bizinesi ndi chipani cha Union. Pempho limapambana kapena kulephera pa zikalata: mgwirizano, tsiku lake, njira yolipira, wogwiritsa ntchito womaliza ndi chifukwa chomwe maziko onyoza amagwirira ntchito. Kukonza kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo palibe nthawi yomwe ingalonjezedwe mwanzeru, kotero mafomu ayenera kuperekedwa mwachangu momwe mfundo zingakhalire.
Munthu wosankhidwa kapena bungwe lingathenso kutsutsa mndandandawo, mwa kupempha Bungwe kuti liunikenso ndipo, ngati zimenezo zalephera, mwa kubweretsa mlandu woti uthetsedwe ku Khoti Lalikulu la European Union mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera. Imeneyo ndi njira yapadera, yosiyana ndi kunyoza, ndipo nthawi yomaliza ndi yokhwima.
Kumene mavuto obwerezabwereza amabuka
Unyolo wa umwini ndi umene umayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Mnzake amene sanatchulidwe akhoza kukhala ndi mwiniwake kapena wolamulidwa ndi munthu amene ali ndi mwiniwakeyo, ndipo cholembera cha m'kaundula chomwe chili m'magawo awiri sichinganene zimenezo. Ngati kapangidwe kake sikangathe kuthetsedwa, tengani kusatsimikizikako ngati kupeza m'malo mokhala ndi wina.
Vuto lachiwiri lobwerezabwereza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'maboma okha. Ma phukusi a zilango amawonjezera magulu a katundu, amawonjezera ziletso zautumiki ndikulimbitsa malire kangapo pachaka, kotero chida chowunikira chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo chidzakhala chikuyang'ana motsutsana ndi malamulo a dzulo. Lembetsani ku zosintha ndikuwunikanso kasinthidwe, osati machenjezo okha.
Chachitatu ndi zotsutsana. Zilango za ku United States nthawi zambiri zimapitirira malire a EU, ndipo gawo la pangano lofuna kutsatira malamulo a US lingapangitse kampani yaku Dutch kuswa lamulo la Regulation (EC) 2271/96, lamulo loletsa la EU, lomwe limaletsa kutsatira malamulo ena olembedwa kunja kwa dziko. Pamene maboma onsewa ali ndi mgwirizano womwewo, izi zimafunika kusanthula mwalamulo gawo lisanasainidwe, osati pambuyo poti malipiro akanidwa.
Chachinayi ndi lingaliro lakuti zochitika mkati mwa gulu ndi zotetezeka. Sizili: kusamutsa kupita ku kampani yocheperako m'boma lomwe likufunidwa, kapena ntchito yoperekedwa kuchokera ku Netherlands kupita ku gulu la gulu kumeneko, imayesedwa mofanana ndi zochitika ndi munthu wina.
Komwe mungayang'ane
Magwero atatu akuluakulu ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji osati kudzera mu chidule. Magazini Yovomerezeka ya European Union ili ndi zolemba zenizeni za malamulo onse ndi kusintha kulikonse, ndipo ndiyo yokhayo yomwe upangiri uyenera kukhazikitsidwa. European Commission imasunga mapu a zilango za EU ndi mndandanda wophatikizidwa wa maudindo, pamodzi ndi mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri pa maulamuliro osiyanasiyana. De Nederlandsche Bank imafalitsa malangizo okhudza Sanctiewet 1977 a mabungwe oyang'aniridwa, kuphatikiza fomu yofotokozera ndi kugawa maudindo pakati pa akuluakulu aboma. Ngati malonda omwe akuganiziridwa ali ndi malire, pempho la malangizo kapena kunyoza ndikwabwino kuposa chigamulo chamalonda chomwe sichinalembedwepo.
Bwanji Law & More zingathandize
Tikulangiza mabizinesi aku Dutch ndi apadziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la zilango la EU ndi Dutch pazochitika zinazake, pakuwunika umwini ndi kulamulira, pakupanga zigawo za zilango m'mapangano amalonda, pa zopempha zochotsera malamulo ndi zilolezo, komanso pa chitetezo pamene kafukufuku watsegulidwa. Ngati mwazindikira kuti pali mgwirizano, kapena banki yaletsa kulipira, titumizireni uthenga musanayankhe. Malangizo athu okhudza malamulo a makampani akufotokoza za njira yotsatirira malamulo yomwe ili ndi zilango.
