Kutsatira zilango kumatanthauza kukhazikitsa, ndalama zisanasunthidwe kapena kutumizidwa kwa katundu, kuti palibe mnzawo, mwiniwake, chombo kapena wogwiritsa ntchito amene wagwidwa ndi lamulo loletsa, kenako nkuimitsa ndikupereka lipoti la chilichonse chomwe lamulo limanena kuti chiyimitsidwe ndikunenedwa. Kwa bizinesi ku Netherlands, malamulo omangika ndi malamulo okhwima a zilango za EU, omwe amatsatiridwa mdziko lonse kudzera mu Sanctiewet 1977; kuphwanya malamulo ndi mlandu wachuma pansi pa Wet op de economische delicten (WED). Gawo lomwe limakhudza makampani ambiri si mndandanda wokha koma mayeso a umwini ndi ulamuliro: kampani yosalembetsedwa imaonedwa ngati yolembetsedwa mwamsanga pamene gulu limodzi kapena angapo omwe alembetsedwa ali ndi 50 peresenti kapena kuposerapo.
Kodi malamulo okhudza zilango amafunikira kuti bizinesi ku Netherlands itsatire malamulowo?
Kampani iliyonse yokhazikitsidwa ku Netherlands imamangidwa ndi zilango za EU, komanso nzika iliyonse ya ku Netherlands komanso bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imachitika yonse kapena pang'ono m'dziko la Netherlands. Udindo umenewo umapitirira kwa ogulitsa katundu ndi mabanki. Umagwira ntchito kwa wonyamula katundu amene amakonza kutumiza katundu, kampani ya mapulogalamu yomwe imapereka chilolezo, wowerengera ndalama yemwe amapereka invoice, mwini nyumba amene amabwereka malo osungiramo katundu ndi mwini masheya amene amalandira gawo la ndalama. Malamulo oletsa zinthu amakhudza ndalama ndi chuma, katundu ndi ukadaulo, komanso mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zikuwonjezeka.
Ntchitoyi, yomwe imadziwika ndi zofunikira zake, ili ndi maudindo anayi obwerezabwereza. Muyenera kudziwa amene mukuchita naye ntchito, kuphatikizapo amene ali mwini wake ndi amene amawalamulira. Muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukupereka komanso komwe zidzathera. Muyenera kuyimitsa ndikuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo mgwirizano ukawonekera, osati mutalandira upangiri. Ndipo muyenera kunena, kwa akuluakulu omwe lamulo limatchula, mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa. Ndondomeko iliyonse, chida chowunikira ndi gawo lophunzitsira lilipo kuti zinthu zinayizo zichitike moyenera komanso mobwerezabwereza.
Palibe malire a de minimis. Malipiro ochepa kwa munthu amene walembedwa ndi kuswa malamulo mofanana ndi akuluakulu, ndipo mfundo yakuti kutumiza katundu kunali kwachizolowezi, kopanda phindu kapena kokomera kasitomala amene wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali sikusintha kalikonse. Komanso kuswa malamulo si nkhani yongofuna kutero: zoletsazo zimalembedwa mwachilungamo, ndipo kusakhala ndi chikhulupiriro choipa kumakhudza chilango osati mlanduwo. Kusadziwa kapangidwe ka umwini wa kampani imodzi si chitetezo ngati kufufuza koyenera kukadavumbulutsa.
Mfundo imodzi ya mawu ndi yofunika kuiganizira poyamba, chifukwa imayambitsa chisokonezo chenicheni. Mawu akuti chilango amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri mu malamulo aku Dutch. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za njira zoletsa zomwe zimayikidwa pa mayiko, mabungwe ndi anthu pawokha ngati chida cha mfundo zakunja. Kuti mudziwe za zilango zomwe zimayikidwa m'milandu yaupandu ndi yoyang'anira, onani buku lathu lonse la njira zolangira zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapakhomo.
Kumene malamulowa akuchokera: Malamulo a EU, Sanctiewet 1977 ndi Wed
Zilango za EU zimakhala ngati malamulo a Council, omwe amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ku Netherlands popanda lamulo lililonse lokhazikitsa. Zimayamba kugwira ntchito zikafalitsidwa mu Official Journal, zomwe zimachitika tsiku lomwe zikuwonekera, ndichifukwa chake mgwirizano womwe unali wovomerezeka Lachisanu masana ukhoza kuletsedwa Lolemba m'mawa. Malamulo omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndi malamulo oletsa kusungidwa kwa katundu omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2014 poyankha zomwe zikuchitika ku Ukraine, malamulo a Russia chaka chomwecho, malamulo a Iran a 2012 ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito kawiri a 2021.
Lamulo la dziko lonse limapereka njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Sanctiewet 1977 ndi lamulo lokhazikika: limapatsa mphamvu nduna zoyang'anira kuti zipereke sanctieregelingen, kukonza kuyang'anira, ndikupanga mbedza yomwe imasintha kuswa lamulo la EU kukhala chilango ku Netherlands. Kwa mabungwe azachuma, Sanctiewet 1977 imasankha De Nederlandsche Bank ndi Autoriteit Financiele Markten kukhala oyang'anira, ndipo Regeling toezicht Sanctiewet 1977 imafuna kuti mabungwe amenewo azikhala ndi dongosolo loyenera la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi kayendetsedwe ka mkati ndikupereka lipoti lililonse kwa oyang'anira awo nthawi yomweyo. Makampani omwe ali kunja kwa gawo lazachuma alibe woyang'anira wozikidwa pa layisensi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa molakwika ngati kusakhala ndi udindo. Sizili choncho; zimangotanthauza kuti kukakamiza kumachitika kudzera mu Customs ndi malamulo amilandu m'malo mongokambirana ndi oyang'anira.
Lamulo laupandu limenelo ndi loletsedwa ndi boma. Kuphwanya malamulo opangidwa motsatira lamulo la Sanctiewet 1977 ndi mlandu wa zachuma; kuchitidwa mwadala ndi mlandu (misdrijf), apo ayi ndi mlandu wolamulira (overtreding). WED imalola kumangidwa ndi chindapusa, kulanda phindu lomwe lapezeka, ndi njira zina monga kuyika bizinesiyo pansi pa ulamuliro kapena kulamula kuti itsekedwe. Kafukufuku amachitidwa ndi FIOD motsogozedwa ndi Functioneel Parket, nthambi yapadera ya bungwe loona za milandu ya anthu lomwe limayang'anira milandu yazachuma ndi zachuma.
Zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuzitsatira. Pa mlingo wa EU, Directive (EU) 2024/1226 ya pa 24 Epulo 2024 imakakamiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti alembe mndandanda wa zilango, kuphatikizapo kuzemba, ndikupereka zilango zoyenera kwa anthu azamalamulo. Pa mlingo wa dziko, lamulo la Wet internationale sanctiemaatregelen linaperekedwa ku Tweede Kamer pa 17 February 2026 ndipo likuganiziridwabe kumeneko. Lidzalowa m'malo mwa Sanctiewet 1977, kupanga Centraal Meldpunt Sancties imodzi yoti ipereke malipoti, ndikuwonjezera kukakamiza kwa oyang'anira pamodzi ndi milandu yaupandu. Mpaka lamuloli litavomerezedwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi lamulo lachifumu, Sanctiewet 1977 ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito mokwanira.
Zomwe zili mu Russia zimayesa kusintha kwa phukusi lililonse, ndipo kuzibwerezanso pano zitha kukhala mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe a phukusi lotsatira ndi zomwe zikuphimba, onani chidule chathu cha zilango zina zotsutsana ndi Russia , komanso zenizeni zenizeni zamalonda ndi dera lathu la Eurasia ndi CIS Desk.
Kuwunika: mndandanda wanji womwe mumawunika, komanso kangati
Kuwunika ndiye maziko a kutsata zilango, ndipo ndikuwunika mndandanda osati mayiko. Gwero lovomerezeka la bizinesi ku Netherlands ndi mndandanda wophatikizidwa wa anthu, magulu ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi zilango zachuma wa EU, womwe umasungidwa ndi European Commission ndipo umawonetsedwanso mu Mapu a Zilango za EU. Maudindo a United Nations amakufikirani kudzera pamndandanda womwewo wa EU. Pamodzi ndi mndandanda wa zigawenga zadziko womwe umasungidwa ndi boma la Dutch, ndipo kwa makampani omwe ali ndi vuto la United States, mndandanda wa Specially Designated Nationals wa Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Magulu omwe mumawasankha ndi okulirapo kuposa gulu lomwe mukuwalipira. Pulogalamu yodzitetezera imafufuza kasitomala, kholo la kasitomala ndi eni masheya, owongolera ndi eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri, ogulitsa ndi ogwirizana nawo, othandizira ndi oyimira pakati, otumiza katundu ndi onyamula katundu, mabanki mbali zonse ziwiri za malipiro, makampani a inshuwaransi, ndi wogwiritsa ntchito womaliza wotchulidwa pa zikalata zotumizira. Kumene katundu amayenda panyanja kapena mlengalenga, zombo ndi ndege zimasankhidwa zokha ndipo zimadziwika ndi nambala ya IMO kapena chizindikiro cholembetsa m'malo mwa dzina, chifukwa mayina amasintha ndipo manambala a IMO sasintha.
Kusunga nthawi n'kofunika kwambiri monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nkhani. Kuwunika nthawi yolowa m'malo mwa kampani kokha n'kopanda phindu, chifukwa maudindo amawonjezedwa nthawi zonse ndipo amayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kayendedwe ka ntchito ndi kuyang'anira nthawi yolowa m'malo mwa kampani, cheke musanagulitse chilichonse kapena kutumiza, komanso kuwunikiranso fayilo yonse ya kampani nthawi iliyonse yomwe mndandanda wa EU wasinthidwa. Lembani tsiku, mtundu wa mndandanda ndi zotsatira za cheke chilichonse. Akuluakulu oyang'anira milandu akayang'ana fayilo patatha zaka ziwiri, funso silikhala ngati munali wolondola koma ngati mungathe kuwonetsa zomwe mukudziwa komanso nthawi yake.
Yembekezerani zabwino zabodza ndipo konzekerani. Kumasulira kuchokera ku Cyrillic ndi Farsi kumapanga malembo ambiri a dzina lomwelo, mayina wamba a mayina a anthu ambiri amapanga phokoso, ndipo malire ofanana bwino amabisa kwambiri zomwe zagunda pomwe gulu limodzi limabisa mosasamala woyang'anira malamulo. Yankho lake ndi njira yolembedwa yosamalira zomwe zagunda: ndani amawunikanso zomwe zingafanane, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, ndani angachotse, ndipo ndani ayenera kudziwitsidwa ngati zikugwira ntchito. Zochotsera ndi zisankho ndipo ziyenera kukhala mufayilo yokhala ndi zifukwa.
Kufufuza zilango nthawi zambiri kumasokonezedwa ndi kufufuza bwino za makasitomala pansi pa Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorise (Wwft), ndipo ziwirizi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kufufuza bwino za Wwft kumagwira ntchito ku mabungwe osankhidwa okha, kumadalira zoopsa, ndipo kumalola njira yolingana. Malamulo a zilango amagwira ntchito kwa aliyense ndipo savomereza kufanana kulikonse: gulu lolembetsedwa limaletsedwa, limayima kwathunthu. Maboma awiriwa amalimbitsana wina ndi mnzake m'machitidwe, ndipo fayilo yomweyo nthawi zambiri imatumikira zonse ziwiri. Kuti mudziwe mbali yodziwika ndi kasitomala ya ntchitoyi, onani buku lathu la maudindo a KYC , komanso chithunzi chachikulu cha umbanda wazachuma buku lathu lotsogolera ku kutsuka ndalama ku Netherlands . Dziwani kuti kutsuka ndalama kokha ndi mlandu m'magawo 420bis mpaka 420quater ya Wetboek van Strafrecht, osati mu Wwft, yomwe imapanga ntchito zodzitetezera zokha.
Kuyesa kwa umwini ndi ulamuliro: chifukwa chake 50 peresenti imasankha
Bungwe lomwe silikupezeka pamndandanda uliwonse limaonedwa ngati lalembedwa ngati lili la mwiniwake kapena lolamulidwa ndi gulu lomwe lalembedwa. Ili ndiye lamulo lofunika kwambiri pazachilango zamalonda, ndipo lomwe nthawi zambiri silimaperekedwa, chifukwa kuyang'ana dzina motsutsana ndi mndandanda wophatikizidwa sikubweza chilichonse ndipo fayiloyo imatsekedwa.
Umwini ndi mayeso omveka bwino. Pamene munthu kapena bungwe lolembetsedwa lili ndi 50 peresenti kapena kuposerapo ya ufulu wa eni ake mu bungwe lina, bungwe limenelo limagwidwa, ndipo ndalama zake ndi chuma chake ziyenera kusungidwa mofanana. Kusunga ndalama kungakhale mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika, ndipo katundu wa magulu angapo olembetsedwa amawonjezedwa pamodzi. Awiri omwe ali ndi magawo awiri omwe ali ndi 30 peresenti ndi 25 peresenti motsatana amadutsa malire ngakhale kuti palibe amene amachita zimenezo yekha. Chifukwa chakuti mayesowa amawonjezeka, unyolo wa makampani apakatikati osunga ndalama uyenera kutsatiridwa m'malo moyimitsidwa pa gawo loyamba losalembetsedwa.
Kulamulira ndi mayeso osiyana ndipo alibe gawo lililonse. Gulu lolembetsedwa likhoza kulamulira bungwe kudzera mu ufulu wosankha kapena kuchotsa ambiri mu bungwe, kudzera mu mgwirizano wa eni masheya womwe umapatsa mphamvu yayikulu, kudzera mu ulamuliro wa kayendetsedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku, kudzera mu chitsimikizo cha ngongole za bungwe, kapena kudzera mu dongosolo lina lililonse lomwe limalola kuti litsogolere zochitika za bungwe. Gawo laling'ono pamodzi ndi ufulu wotere ndikwanira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tchati chokha cha umwini sichikwanira ndipo chifukwa chake zikalata zamalamulo ndi mgwirizano uliwonse wa eni masheya ziyenera kuwonedwa kwa makampani omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kuchita ndi bungwe lomwe lili ndi 50 peresenti kapena kuposerapo la chipani cholembetsedwa mwalamulo kuli kofanana ndi kuchita ndi chipani cholembetsedwacho. Kusayang'ana kapangidwe ka umwini si chitetezo.
Musasokoneze malire awa ndi chiwerengero cha 25 peresenti chodziwika bwino kuchokera ku UBO register. Makumi awiri mphambu asanu peresenti ndi malire a Wwft pozindikira mwiniwake wopindulitsa kwambiri; amakuuzani amene muyenera kuzindikira. Makumi asanu peresenti kapena kuposerapo ndi malire a zilango; amakuuzani amene simuyenera kulipira. Kusakaniza ziwirizi kumabweretsa zolakwika ziwiri zodziwika bwino: kuchotsa mnzawo wina chifukwa palibe m'modzi mwa omwe ali ndi gawo lomwe lalembedwa amafika pa 25 peresenti, ndikuyimitsa ubale womwe kwenikweni suli kunja kwa mayeso a umwini.
Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kufunsa kampani iliyonse yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuti ipereke tchati cha umwini chomwe chilipo mpaka kwa anthu enieni, kutsimikizira izi motsutsana ndi ma regista amakampani komwe ndi odalirika, kulemba tsiku lotsimikizira, ndikupempha kampani kuti ikudziwitseni za kusintha kulikonse. Kapangidwe ka umwini kamasinthidwanso dala kuti kasunthire pansi pa malire, kotero tchati chomwe chapezedwa chisanaperekedwe chiyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pake.
Kuzizira ndi kupereka malipoti: zomwe muyenera kuchita, ndi omwe muyenera kuwauza
Ngati mgwirizano watsimikizika, udindowo ndi wa nthawi yomweyo komanso wa magawo awiri: kuyimitsa, ndikupereka lipoti. Kuyimitsa kumatanthauza kuti palibe chomwe chimachoka pa ulamuliro wanu. Malipiro amayimitsidwa, katundu samasulidwa, ntchito zimayimitsidwa, ndalama zotsala za ngongole zimakhalabe pomwe zili ndipo palibe chuma chamtundu uliwonse chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa omwe alembedwa, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina. Kupanga kupezeka kumawerengedwa mozama: kulipira wogulitsa yemwe adzapereka ndalamazo, kumasula katundu yemwe angagulitsidwe, kapena kupereka ntchito yomwe ili ndi phindu lazachuma zonse zimagwera mkati mwake. Simungathe kulipira ndalama zoyimitsa ngongole, ndipo simungathe kutulutsa katundu motsutsana ndi chitsimikizo cha banki.
Malipoti ku Netherlands pakadali pano ndi ogawanika, lomwe ndi vuto lomwe Wet internationale sanctiemaatregelen ikuyenera kuthetsa ndi Centraal Meldpunt Sancties imodzi. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, lipotilo limapita ku unduna womwe umayang'anira mtundu wa katundu womwe ukukhudzidwa. Katundu wandalama wosungidwa amaperekedwa ku Unduna wa Zachuma. Makampani ndi magawo omwe sanalembedwe okha amapita ku Unduna wa Zachuma. Katundu wosasuntha amaperekedwa ku Unduna wa Zamkati ndi Ubale wa Ufumu, zombo ndi ndege ku Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Kasamalidwe ka Madzi, ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe ku Unduna wa Maphunziro, Chikhalidwe ndi Sayansi. Ma adilesi omwe alipo pano amafalitsidwa pa rijksoverheid.nl, ndipo Netherlands imapereka chidziwitsocho ku European Commission.
Magulu omwe ali pamndandanda ali ndi udindo wosiyana. Munthu kapena bungwe lomwe lasankhidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Russia, Belarus, Haiti kapena Iran liyenera kulengeza chuma chomwe lili nacho mu European Union mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene lalembedwa pamndandanda. Kulephera kulengeza ndi kuphwanya malamulo, ndipo ndi njira imodzi yomwe zinthu zobisika zimawululidwira.
Mabungwe azachuma omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi De Nederlandsche Bank kapena Autoriteit Financiele Markten amalengeza za mgwirizano kwa oyang'anira awo nthawi yomweyo motsatira Regeling toezicht Sanctiewet 1977, kuphatikiza lipoti lililonse la chuma ku unduna. Kwa ena onse lamulo lothandiza ndi losavuta: ngati muli ndi chinthu chomwe chili cha chipani cholembetsedwa kapena chopindulitsa, winawake m'boma ayenera kuuzidwa, komanso mwachangu.
Kutsegula si chisankho chomwe mungapange nokha. Pamene lamulo limalola kunyalanyaza, pa zosowa zoyambira, pa ndalama za akatswiri, pa mapangano omwe alipo kale kapena pazifukwa zachifundo, unduna woyenera uyenera kupereka pasadakhale, polemba, komanso pazifukwa zomwe lamulolo limakhazikitsa. Nthawi zomaliza ntchito zimagwira ntchito mofanana: ndi nthawi yokhazikika yolembedwa mu lamulolo, osati nthawi yokambirana, ndipo ikatha ntchito, ntchitoyo imaletsedwa chilichonse chomwe panganolo likunena.
Kuwongolera kutumiza kunja, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri komanso chiletso choletsa kuzemba
Kufufuza zilango kumakhudza ndani; kulamulira kutumiza kunja kumakhudza chiyani. Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri, kutanthauza katundu, mapulogalamu ndi ukadaulo zomwe zili ndi ntchito za boma ndi zankhondo, zimafuna chilolezo chotumizira kunja kuchokera ku European Union motsatira lamulo la kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri. Ku Netherlands, zilolezo zimaperekedwa ndi Centrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer, gawo la Customs, potengera mfundo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilendo. Mndandanda wowongolera ndi waukadaulo ndipo umakhudza zambiri osati zida zokha: makompyuta ogwira ntchito bwino, masensa ena ndi ma laser, zida zamakina, mapulogalamu obisa ndi zida zopangira ma semiconductor zonse zimawonekera pamenepo.
Zinthu ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimadabwitsa mabizinesi. Choyamba ndi chovuta: ngakhale chinthu chomwe sichili pamndandanda wowongolera chimafunika chilolezo ngati akuluakulu a boma adakudziwitsani, kapena mukudziwa, kuti ndi cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali kapena pulogalamu ya zida zowononga anthu ambiri. Chidziwitso chimaweruzidwa malinga ndi zomwe wogulitsa katundu wodzipereka mwachangu akanaganiza kuchokera ku zomwe zikuchitika. Chachiwiri ndi chakuti zilango za mayiko ena zimawonjezera ziletso zawo zotumiza kunja pamwamba pa mndandanda wazinthu ziwiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe ndi momwe katundu wamba wamafakitale, magalimoto, mankhwala ndi zinthu zapamwamba zinaletsedwera ku Russia. Pa gulu lodziwika bwino la zinthu zobisika, malamulo a EU amafunanso kuti ogulitsa katundu awonjezere chiletso cha mgwirizano chotumizanso ku Russia m'mapangano awo ogulitsa, ndikupereka njira yothetsera vutoli ngati wogula aphwanya.
Kuphatikiza pa zoletsazo pali lamulo loletsa kusokoneza: n'koletsedwa kutenga nawo mbali mwadala komanso mwadala muzochitika zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa njira yoletsa. Apa ndi pomwe ntchito zambiri zokakamiza pano zimayikidwa kwambiri, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsanso njira kudzera m'maiko ena. Zizindikiro zochenjeza ndizofanana ndipo ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa antchito kuti azindikire. Mkhalapakati watsopano amawonekera pamsika wopanda mbiri yogula malonda. Wogwiritsa ntchito wolengezayo ali ndi bizinesi yomwe mwina safuna katunduyo. Kuchuluka kwa maoda kumakwera popanda kufotokozera. Malipiro amachokera ku boma losagwirizana ndi wogula. Kasitomala amakana kusaina chikalata cha wogwiritsa ntchito, amakana kupita kumalo ena, kapena sakonda kwambiri mtengo, zofunikira kapena chithandizo chogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa.
Ntchito zakhala malo olamulira okha. Malamulo a EU amaletsa kupereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana ku mabungwe omwe akhazikitsidwa ku Russia, kuphatikizapo akaunti, ma auditing, upangiri wa bizinesi ndi kasamalidwe, ubale wa anthu, upangiri wa IT ndi ntchito zina za upangiri wazamalamulo, malinga ndi zosiyana zomwe zafotokozedwa. Chifukwa chake, kampani yopereka upangiri ku Dutch kapena yopereka mapulogalamu akhoza kuswa zilango popanda kutumiza chinthu chenicheni. Sungani mawu a ogwiritsa ntchito, zilolezo, zikalata zoyendera ndi makalata kwa nthawi yosungira yomwe ikugwira ntchito, ndipo onetsetsani kuti fayiloyo ikufotokoza osati zomwe zasankhidwa komanso chifukwa chake.
Kukakamiza, zilango ndi udindo wa munthu payekha
Kukakamiza anthu ku Netherlands kumadutsa m'njira zingapo nthawi imodzi. Kasitomu amafufuza katundu wotumizidwa kumalire ndipo amasunga amene akubweretsa mafunso. Bungwe la FIOD limafufuza milandu yomwe ikukayikiridwa ndipo limagwira ntchito ndi Functioneel Parket, lomwe limasankha milandu. De Nederlandsche Bank ndi Autoriteit Financiele Markten amayang'anira mabungwe azachuma ndipo amatha kuwakakamiza kuti achitepo kanthu. Unduna wa Zachilendo umayendetsa mfundo zoletsa, pomwe maunduna omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amayang'anira kuletsa ndi kunyoza m'madera awoawo.
Zotsatira za kuphwanya malamulo sizimangokhala chindapusa chokha. Popeza milandu ya zilango imagwera pansi pa WED, kuphwanya malamulo mwadala ndi mlandu, ndipo njira zoperekera chilango zimaphatikizapo kumangidwa, zilango zazikulu zomwe zimayikidwa malinga ndi gulu la zilango, kulanda mwayi womwe wapezeka, ndi njira zina monga kuyika bizinesiyo pansi pa ulamuliro, kulamula kuti itsekedwe kwathunthu kapena pang'ono, kapena kuilanda ndalama zothandizira kapena zinthu zina. Zigamulo zitha kufalitsidwa. Chifukwa ndalama ndi magulu zimasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, mawu odalirika si chiwerengerocho koma kuwonekera: kuphwanya malamulo kumatsutsidwa ngati mlandu waukulu wazachuma, osati ngati chikalata choyang'anira.
Anthu amaonekera pamodzi ndi kampaniyo. Malinga ndi nkhani 51 ya Wetboek van Strafrecht, mlandu wochitidwa ndi munthu wovomerezeka ukhozanso kuimbidwa mlandu kwa iwo omwe adalamula kapena mwadala kuti avomereze. Wotsogolera yemwe adakana kutsutsa kutsata malamulo, manejala wogulitsa yemwe wavomereza mawu osamveka bwino a wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena mkulu wa zachuma yemwe adakonza malipiro pambuyo poti vuto lagunda onse akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu payekha. Nkhani zodzidziwitsa pano: kuulula mwaufulu, kukonza mwachangu ndi mgwirizano zimaganiziridwa ndi bungwe lozenga milandu, ndipo njira yolembedwa yosankha ndiyo imapangitsa kuulula koteroko kukhala kodalirika.
Zotsatira za malonda nthawi zambiri zimafika mwachangu kuposa zomwe zalamulo. Mabanki amachotsa chiopsezo akangoyamba kuonekera, makampani a inshuwalansi amachotsa chivundikiro, makampani onyamula zinyalala amasungitsa zinyalala ndipo makasitomala amafuna chitsimikizo cha zilango asanachite mgwirizano. Malamulo a EU amaletsanso anthu omwe adatchulidwa kuti asabweretse madandaulo okhudzana ndi mapangano omwe akhudzidwa ndi zilango, kotero kuti ogwirizana nawo sangakuyimbeni mlandu chifukwa cha momwe mudachitira mwalamulo, koma chitetezo chimenecho chimadalira kuti chiletsocho chikhale chovomerezeka poyamba.
Malamulo a ku United States akuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala, chifukwa upangiri wamba wotsatira lamulo lokhwima kwambiri ndi wolakwika pankhani ya lamulo la EU. Zilango zazikulu za ku US zimakumangani pamene malonda akukhudza anthu aku US, katundu kapena ukadaulo wochokera ku US, kapena dongosolo lazachuma la US, ndipo kulipira ndalama ndikokwanira kuchita zimenezo. Zilango zachiwiri za ku US zitha kulanga kampani yomwe si ya ku US chifukwa cha machitidwe omwe ali kunja kwa ulamuliro wa US. Koma pa malamulo enaake aku US okhudza Iran ndi Cuba, EU Blocking Regulation imaletsa ogwira ntchito ku EU kutsatira malamulowo ndikusiya kuchita zigamulo zakunja zomwe zimachokera pa iwo, pokhapokha ngati European Commission yavomereza kutsatira malamulowo. Kampani yaku Dutch yomwe ikukumana ndi mkanganowu imafuna upangiri pa maboma onse awiri pamodzi, osati mfundo yonse yotsata lamulo lililonse lomwe ndi lokhwima.
Kupanga pulogalamu yotsata zilango yomwe ingakhale yothandiza
Akuluakulu okhwimitsa malamulo sayembekezera kuti kampani ya Dutch SME iziyendetsa ntchito yotsata malamulo a banki. Amayembekezera kuti pulogalamuyo ikhale yofanana ndi chiopsezo chomwe bizinesiyo ili nacho, ndipo akuyembekeza kuti chilembedwe. Chifukwa chake poyambira ndi kuwunika kolembedwa kwa zoopsa komwe kumawonetsa moona mtima zomwe zikuchitika: mayiko omwe katundu ndi ndalama zimakhudzidwa, magulu ati azinthu zomwe zingakhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri, ndi mayiko ati omwe ali kumbuyo kwa nyumba zosawoneka bwino, ndalama ziti ndi mabanki olumikizana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi njira ziti zoyendera zomwe zimadutsa m'malo omwe amadziwika kuti amatumizanso kunja.
Kuchokera mu kuwunikaku kumayenda zowongolera. Kuwunika kuyenera kuphimba magulu omwe atchulidwa mu kuwunika zoopsa ndikuyenda motsatira kalembedwe komwe kafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndi njira yolembedwa yokhudza kugonja ndi munthu wotchulidwa, pamlingo wa bungwe, yemwe ndi mwiniwake wa chisankhocho. Mapangano amafunika zigawo zoletsa zomwe zimagwira ntchito yeniyeni: chitsimikizo chakuti mnzawo kapena eni ake sanatchulidwe, udindo wopitilira kuwulula kusintha kwa umwini ndi kuwongolera, ntchito yomaliza yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kutumizanso katundu kunja, ufulu wowunikira ndi chidziwitso, ndi ufulu woyimitsa ndikuthetsa nthawi yomweyo popanda mlandu ngati pachitika kusankhidwa. Gawo lomwe limangonena kuti maguluwo azitsatira malamulo ogwira ntchito silikwaniritsa chilichonse.
Maphunziro ndi a anthu omwe amaona zizindikiro zowopsa poyamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kugulitsa, mayendedwe, kugula ndi ndalama osati dipatimenti ya zamalamulo yokha. Maphunzirowa ayenera kukhala omveka bwino: momwe wogwiritsa ntchito wosayembekezereka amaonekera, chifukwa chake kusintha kwa njira yotumizira ndikofunikira, chochita ndi malangizo olipira ochokera kudziko losayembekezereka, ndi omwe mungamuyimbire. Onjezani njira yamkati yokwerera yomwe sidutsa mwa munthu amene mgwirizano wake uli pachiwopsezo, ndi mbiri ya yemwe adaphunzitsidwa komanso nthawi yomwe adapatsidwa.
Pomaliza, sungani umboni. Pulogalamu yotsatila malamulo imaweruzidwa pambuyo poti zinthu zachitika, pa fayilo. Kufufuza zolemba, kuchotsedwa kwa zigoli ndi zifukwa, ma chart a umwini okhala ndi masiku otsimikizira, malayisensi, mawu a ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ma miniti a bolodi olembera zisankho zomwe zachitika ndizomwe zimapangitsa cholakwika kukhala chotsimikizika. Yesani dongosololi nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kafukufuku wamkati kapena chitsanzo cha zochitika zomwe zatsatiridwa kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, ndikulemba zomwe mwapeza ndi zomwe mwasintha.
Mafunso ofala okhudza kutsatira zilango
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati bwenzi lathu la bizinesi lalembedwa pambuyo poti tasaina pangano?
Muyenera kuyimitsa ntchito zonse zoletsedwa nthawi yomweyo, patsiku lofalitsa, ndikuyimitsa ndalama zilizonse kapena chuma cha mnzanu amene muli naye. Malipiro, kutumiza ndi ntchito zimatha; pangano silimaphwanya lamulo. Yang'anani lamulolo ngati pali kunyoza komaliza, komwe nthawi zina kumalola nthawi yochepa kutha bwino, ndipo dziwani kuti nthawi iliyonse yotereyi ndi nthawi yovuta ndipo ingafunike chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera ku unduna woyenera. Nenani za katundu wosungidwayo ku unduna wodalirika, tsatirani upangiri wa njira yothetsera ntchito mu mgwirizano wanu, ndikulemba gawo lililonse. Kuyesa kusintha mozungulira udindowo ndi mlandu wozemba.
Kodi tingathe kuchita ndi kampani yomwe siili m'ndandanda koma ili ndi gulu lomwe lili m'ndandanda?
Ayi, ngati mayeso a umwini kapena ulamuliro akwaniritsidwa. Bungwe limaonedwa ngati lolembedwa kumene magulu olembedwa ali ndi 50 peresenti kapena kuposerapo, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, kuwerengera zomwe ali nazo pamodzi, kapena pamene gulu lolembedwa limalamulira kudzera mu ufulu wosankhidwa ndi bungwe, mgwirizano wa eni masheya, mphamvu yayikulu kapena makonzedwe ofanana. Pankhaniyi ndalama za bungwe ndi chuma chachuma zimaletsedwa ndipo simungapereke chilichonse kwa ilo. Chifukwa chake, kufufuza dzina komwe kumabweranso ndi sitepe yoyamba yokha; tchati cha umwini ndiye chikalata chotsimikizika.
Kodi zinthu zothandiza anthu monga chakudya ndi mankhwala siziperekedwa?
Osati zokha. Malamulo a zilango ali ndi njira zochepetsera kufunikira kwa anthu, koma ndi ochepa komanso okhazikika m'malo mongopereka chikhululukiro cha anthu onse. Katunduyo akhoza kuloledwa pamene malonda onse sali ovomerezeka, chifukwa banki yosankhidwayo imayang'anira malipiro, wonyamula katundu wosankhidwayo amasuntha katunduyo, kapena wotumiza katunduyo ndi wa gulu lolembetsedwa. Malamulo angapo amafuna chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera kwa akuluakulu oyenerera pazinthu zothandizira anthu, ndipo malamulo a chilolezocho amakukakamizani. Chingwe chilichonse chomwe chili mu unyolo, kuyambira banki ndi kampani ya inshuwaransi kupita ku kampani yotumizira katundu ndi wolandira womaliza, chiyenera kufufuzidwa.
Kodi timatsatira zilango za EU kapena zilango za US?
Zilango za EU ndi Dutch zimakukakamizani mwalamulo ndipo sizosankha. Zilango za US si lamulo la Dutch, koma zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuonekera kwenikweni nthawi iliyonse pamene malonda akukhudza madola aku US, mabanki aku US ngati oyimira pakati, anthu aku US, kapena katundu ndi ukadaulo wochokera ku US, ndipo zilango zachiwiri za US zitha kufikira popanda mgwirizano uliwonse ndi US. Yankho lothandiza ndikuyika ma boma onse awiriwa ndikuyendetsa zoopsa zamalonda mwadala. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi EU Blocking Regulation, yomwe pazifukwa zina za US zokhudzana ndi Iran ndi Cuba imaletsa ogwira ntchito ku EU kutsatira malamulo popanda chilolezo cha European Commission. Pamene maboma awiriwa akukanganadi, mkanganowo uyenera kuthetsedwa ndi upangiri m'malo motsatira lamulo lokhwima.
Law and More imalangiza makampani ku Netherlands pakuwunika zilango, kusanthula umwini ndi kuwongolera katundu, kupereka zilolezo zotumizira kunja, kuyimitsa ndi kupereka malipoti, zigawo za mgwirizano ndi kafukufuku wamkati, ndipo imawayimira pochita zinthu ndi Customs, FIOD ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira. Ngati muli ndi kampani yomwe simukutsimikiza, kutumiza katundu komwe kwachitika, kapena pulogalamu yotsata malamulo yomwe sinayesedwepo, kampani yathu. maloya otsatira malamulo alipo kuti muwawunikenso nanu.
