Chilolezo cha mapulogalamu osagulitsa mu bizinesi: zoopsa zalamulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi chilolezo chosagulitsa mu bizinesi yanu ndi kuphwanya malamulo a kukopera, osati kuphwanya pangano lokha. Mwini ufulu akhoza kukupemphani kuti musiye kugwiritsa ntchito, kupempha kuti muwonongedwe kapena phindu lanu, ndikubweza ndalama zake zenizeni malinga ndi Article 1019h ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv); pazochitika zazikulu, director akhozanso kuimbidwa mlandu payekha.

Njira yokhayo yotulukira ndi chilolezo: chilolezo chamalonda, kapena umboni wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kuli mkati mwa ufulu. Tsamba lino likufotokoza zomwe chilolezo chosakhala chamalonda chimalola, zomwe mwini ufulu angapereke komanso momwe angasungire kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yanu moyenera.

Kodi chilolezo chosakhala chamalonda chimalola chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito komwe sikuli cholinga chenicheni cha malonda kapena kulipira. Creative Commons imagwiritsa ntchito tanthauzo ili la zilolezo zake za NC; ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo monga Personal Edition, Community Edition kapena Home Use.

Kusamvetsetsana komwe anthu ambiri amamva n’kwakuti “malonda” amatanthauza kugulitsanso pulogalamuyo. Sizikutanthauza zimenezo. Kugwiritsa ntchito PDF editor yaulere kulemba mapangano a makasitomala, chida chaulere chopangira mtengo kapena chithunzi chaulere patsamba lanu zonse zimathandiza bizinesi. Chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kukula kwa kampaniyo sizofunikira: wogulitsa yekha wokhala ndi kopi imodzi ali pamalo omwewo ndi kampani yokhala ndi zana.

Mapulogalamu osagulitsa nawonso si otseguka . Tanthauzo la Open Source la Open Source Initiative sililola zoletsa pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito, kotero malayisensi monga MIT, Apache kapena GNU GPL amalola kugwiritsa ntchito malonda. Mapulogalamu okhala ndi chiletso cha NC ndi mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi vuto.

Nchifukwa chiyani kuphwanya malamulo okhudza kukopera kumeneku kuli kolakwika?

Mapulogalamu apakompyuta amatetezedwa ndi Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet, Aw). Kujambula kumaphatikizapo kukweza, kuwonetsa, kuyendetsa, kutumiza ndi kusunga pulogalamu pomwe ikufunika kuikopera (Article 45i Aw).

Wogula mwalamulo akhoza kupanga makope ofunikira pa ntchito yomwe akufuna, pokhapokha ngati avomerezana mwanjira ina (Article 45j Aw). Chilolezo choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizili zamalonda chimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa chilolezocho. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunja kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito popanda chilolezo, kotero kukhazikitsa kulikonse komwe kukuchitika mu bizinesi yanu ndi kuphwanya malamulo a kukopera . Izi zimatsegula mitundu yonse ya njira zothetsera mavuto aukadaulo.

Kodi cholinga cha layisensi chimatanthauziridwa bwanji?

Malinga ndi muyezo wa Haviltex wa Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands (ECLI:NL:HR:1981:AG4158), tanthauzo la pangano limadalira zomwe maguluwo angamvetse bwino ndikuyembekezera kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Pa lemba lovomerezeka lomwe limangovomerezedwa, tanthauzo la mawuwo limakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu.

Zimenezo zimagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito bizinesiyo. Mawu akuti “Osati a malonda” adzawerengedwa kuti akutanthauza zimenezo. Ngati wogulitsayo agulitsanso kope lolipira la malonda, umenewo ndi umboni wamphamvu wa komwe mzerewo unkayenera kukhala.

Kodi mwini ufulu anganene chiyani?

• Lamulo. Lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo, nthawi zambiri limathandizidwa ndi chilango (dwangsom) patsiku kapena kuphwanya malamulo aliwonse. Ngati pulogalamuyo ikugwira ntchito yopanga, izi zitha kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa ndalama zomwe mukufuna.
• Zowonongeka. Kawirikawiri kutengera ndalama zomwe muyenera kulipira, pa nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa malo omangidwira; khothi likhoza kukhazikitsa ndalama zonse (Article 27 Aw).
• Kupereka phindu. Monga njira ina kapena kuwonjezera, phindu lopangidwa chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo, ndi udindo wowerengera (Article 27a Aw).
• Ndalama zamalamulo. Ndalama zoyenera komanso zofananira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati kuchuluka kochepa kokhazikika kwa milandu yamba (Article 1019h Rv). Pa mlandu wotetezedwa nthawi zambiri izi zimaposa ndalama za layisensi zomwe zikukangana.
• Oyimira pakati. Lamulo lotsutsana ndi wopereka chithandizo kapena nsanja yomwe ntchito zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophwanya lamuloli (Article 26d Aw).

Kodi mwini ufulu angathe kuchitapo kanthu popanda chenjezo?

Inde. Pa milandu yofulumira, woweruza milandu woyambirira akhoza kupereka lamulo mwachangu motsutsana ndi wolakwayo popanda kumva kaye (ex parte, Article 1019e Rv). Bailiff amalipereka ndipo limayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Mwini ufulu angapezenso chilolezo cholanda umboni (bewijsbeslag, Article 1019b Rv). Bailiff, nthawi zambiri ndi katswiri wa IT, amakopera ma hard drive, ma server logs ndi ma rekodi; woyang'anira amasunga, ndipo mwayi wopeza umafuna chigamulo chosiyana cha khoti. Ngati mwalandira kalata yopempha, musayambe kuchotsa: kuchotsa mapulogalamu pambuyo pa kudandaula kungawoneke ngati kuwononga umboni. Chitani zinthu mosamala ndikupeza upangiri kaye.

Kodi otsogolera amakhala ndi udindo liti payekha?

Oyang'anira kampani yachinsinsi (BV) kwenikweni sakhala ndi mlandu pa zolakwa zake, pokhapokha ngati angaimbidwe mlandu kwambiri payekhapayekha. Nthawi zambiri malire amenewo amakwaniritsidwa ngati wotsogolerayo adadziwa za zolakwazo ndipo adapitiliza kapena kulephera kuziletsa.

Khoti Lalikulu la The Hague linagamula kuti otsogolera awiri osalunjika pamodzi ndi kampani yawo ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu wophwanya malamulo a kampani pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zabodza: ​​iwowo anachita zomwe adagula ndi kugulitsa, ankadziwa machenjezo a eni ufulu kuyambira 2016 ndipo sanachitepo kanthu koyenera (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2023:18697). Chifukwa chomwecho chikugwiranso ntchito pa mapulogalamu: wotsogolera amene wauzidwa kuti ziphaso sizikuphimba kugwiritsa ntchito bizinesi ndipo akupitirizabe kuchita zimenezi amakhala pachiwopsezo. Mu bankirapuse, otsogolera akhozanso kukhala ndi mlandu pa kusowa kwa ndalama ngati adayendetsa bwino kampaniyo ndipo chimenecho chinali chifukwa chachikulu cha bankirapuse (Nkhani 2:248 BW). Onani nkhani yathu yokhudza udindo wa otsogolera.

Kodi zimathandiza kuti simunadziwe?

Kawirikawiri. Kuphwanya malamulo sikutanthauza cholinga kapena kulakwa; kulakwa kumafunika makamaka kuwonongeka. Bizinesi imayenera kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili ndi zida zomwe imagwiritsa ntchito.

Chithunzicho chimasintha pokhapokha ngati mwini ufulu wayambitsa kusamvetsetsana, mwachitsanzo powonetsa pulogalamuyo ngati yaulere kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse, kapena kulola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kodziwika bwino kwa bizinesi kwa nthawi yayitali. Khothi likhoza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ngati malipiro onse angapangitse zotsatira zosavomerezeka (Nkhani 6:109 BW), koma limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo moletsa.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati bizinesi pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu?

• Kodi kukhazikitsa kulikonse kumadutsa mwa munthu m'modzi amene amawerenga chilolezo choyamba?
• Kodi pali chida chilichonse pamakina anu chomwe chili ndi laisensi ya Personal, Community, Home kapena NC?
• Kodi mndandanda wa mapulogalamu omwe mwakhazikitsa ukugwirizana ndi zilolezo zomwe mudaguladi?
• Kodi malamulo a layisensi amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi zolemba zogulira, kotero mutha kutsimikizira zomwe zikuchitika patatha zaka zambiri?
• Kodi antchito auzidwa kuti "zaulere zogwiritsira ntchito payekha" zikutanthauza "zolipira zogwiritsira ntchito bizinesi"?
• Kodi chida chosakhala chamalonda chalowa mu ndondomekoyi? Ndiye gulani chilolezo chamalonda tsopano.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati muli ndi ufulu wa mapulogalamu?

• Kodi chilolezo chanu chimafotokoza momveka bwino kuti "sichogulitsa" ndipo kodi chimatchula mtundu wolipira?
• Kodi mungasonyeze momwe komanso nthawi yomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adalandira chilolezocho?
• Kodi muli ndi umboni wa momwe bizinesiyo inagwiritsidwira ntchito, kapena mukufuna kuti umboniwo utengedwe motsatira Article 1019b Rv?
• Kodi mwawerengera zomwe mwapempha potengera ndalama zomwe munataya za layisensi?
• Kodi mwawachenjeza oyang'anira kampaniyo polemba, zomwe zimafunika pa udindo wawo?

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi zilolezo za mapulogalamu?

Maloya athu a IT ndi a intellectual property amagwira ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu.

• Timayesa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kuli koyenera malinga ndi chilolezo chanu komanso ngati mlandu wanu uli woyeneradi.
• Timayankha makalata opempha madandaulo ndi zopempha zowunikira, ndikukambirana za mgwirizano kapena chilolezo chamalonda.
• Takhazikitsa njira yotsatirira mapulogalamu a bungwe lanu.
• Timachita milandu yokhudza ziletso, kulanda umboni ndi madandaulo motsatira Article 1019h Rv.
• Kwa eni ufulu: timalemba malamulo a ziphaso ndikuwatsatira, kuphatikizapo malamulo omwe si a chipani chilichonse.

Chidule

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito chilolezo chosakhala chamalonda ndi kuphwanya malamulo a kukopera, osati kuphwanya pangano chabe.
• "Zamalonda" zimakhudza ntchito iliyonse yomwe imathandizira bizinesi, osati kugulitsanso kokha.
• Mwini ufulu akhoza kupempha chiletso, kuwonongeka kapena phindu, ndi ndalama zake zenizeni zamilandu (Nkhani 27 ndi 27a Aw, Nkhani 1019h Rv).
• Malamulo a ex parte ndi kulanda umboni ndizotheka popanda chenjezo (Nkhani 1019e ndi 1019b Rv).
• Otsogolera omwe mwadala amalola kuti kuphwanya malamulo kupitirire ali pachiwopsezo cha mlandu wawo.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI