Nthawi yodziwitsira ku Netherlands: nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo imatha liti?

Mwachidule: wantchito ku Netherlands amapereka chidziwitso cha mwezi umodzi pokhapokha ngati mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano wa gulu ukunena zosiyana. Nthawi ya chidziwitso chalamulo cha olemba ntchito imakwera malinga ndi nthawi ya ntchito: mwezi umodzi pansi pa zaka zisanu, miyezi iwiri kuchokera pa zisanu, miyezi itatu kuchokera pa khumi ndi miyezi inayi kuchokera pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena kuposerapo. Chidziwitso nthawi zambiri chimakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa kalendala, kotero tsiku lomwe mupereka ndi lomwe limasankha tsiku lochoka.

Nthawi yodziwitsa ndi nthawi pakati pa kupereka chidziwitso ndi kutha kwenikweni kwa mgwirizano wantchito. Malinga ndi nkhani 7:672 ya Dutch Civil Code, imagwira ntchito mosiyana kwa magulu awiriwa: wantchito amapereka mwezi umodzi, mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yautumiki, pomwe chidziwitso cha abwana chimakula ndi kutalika kwa mgwirizano. Tsiku lolakwika lingathe kuwononga mbali zonse ziwiri malipiro a mwezi kapena kuposerapo (nkhani 7:672(11)).

Kodi nthawi zodziwitsira zalamulo ndi ziti?

Chidziwitso chochokera kwa wantchito

Wantchito amene wasiya ntchito amapereka chidziwitso cha mwezi umodzi (nkhani 7:672(4) Civil Code). Pangano la ntchito kapena mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito (CAO) ukhoza kuwonjezera izi, koma polemba, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo pokhapokha ngati chidziwitso cha abwana chili ndi nthawi yochepera kawiri kuposa ya wantchito. Chidziwitso cha miyezi itatu chogwirizana cha wantchito chimatanthauza miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kwa abwana.

Lamulo lina limagwira ntchito ngati pangano lanu silikukhazikitsa chiwerengero cha maola omwe mumagwira ntchito, monga momwe zilili mu pangano la maola opanda kanthu (nulurencontract). Nthawi yanu yodziwitsira imakhala yofanana ndi nthawi yoyitanidwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku anayi (nkhani 7:672 ndi 7:628a Civil Code).

Chidziwitso chochokera kwa olemba ntchito

Malamulo atatu akusintha muyeso uwu. Choyamba, wolemba ntchito amene walandira chilolezo chochotsa ntchito kuchokera ku Employee Insurance Agency (UWV) akhoza kuchotsa nthawi ya ndondomeko ya UWV kuchokera mu nthawi ya chidziwitso, bola ngati patsala mwezi umodzi (nkhani 7:672(6)). Chachiwiri, wogwira ntchito akafika msinkhu wa penshoni ya boma (AOW), nthawi ya chidziwitso cha olemba ntchito ndi mwezi umodzi. Chachitatu, nthawi yalamulo ya olemba ntchito ingafupikitsidwe kokha ndi mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito, osati ndi mgwirizano wa munthu aliyense.

Dziwani kuti olemba ntchito sangangopereka chidziwitso. Kupatula nthawi yoyeserera ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule, kuchotsedwa ntchito kumafuna chilolezo cha UWV, chigamulo cha khothi kapena mgwirizano wa wantchito. Nthawi yodziwitsira imangodziwa nthawi yomwe kuchotsedwa ntchito kololedwa kumayamba kugwira ntchito; onani mwachidule lamulo la ntchito la ku Netherlands kuti mudziwe zifukwa zochotsera ntchito.

Kodi panganoli limatha liti?

Chidziwitso chimaperekedwa “kumapeto kwa mwezi” pokhapokha ngati mgwirizano wolembedwa kapena mwambo ukunena za tsiku lina (nkhani 7:672(1)). Mwachidule izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi ya chidziwitso iyenera kutsatiridwa mokwanira ndipo mgwirizano umatha pa tsiku lomaliza la mwezi womwe nthawiyo imatha. Wantchito amene wasiya ntchito pa 10 Meyi ndi chidziwitso cha mwezi umodzi amachoka pa 30 Juni. Bwana amene akupereka chidziwitso pa 15 Julayi kwa wantchito yemwe ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri akugwira ntchito ayenera kusunga miyezi iwiri, kotero mgwirizano umatha pa 30 Seputembala.

Chongani pangano kuti mupeze gawo lolembedwa losonyeza tsiku lina. Tsiku lomwe chidziwitso chalandiridwa ndi lofunika kwambiri, choncho sungani umboni woti katunduyo wafika.

Kodi mumasiya bwanji ntchito moyenera?

Malamulo aku Dutch safuna chidziwitso cholembedwa, koma kusiya ntchito pakamwa n'kovuta kutsimikizira. Perekani manejala wanu kalata yokhala ndi deti ndi yosainidwa kapena tumizani kudzera pa imelo, fotokozani kuti mwasiya ntchito, onani nthawi ya chidziwitso ndi tsiku lomaliza la ntchito, ndipo pemphani chitsimikizo cha kulandiridwa. Ntchito zanu, kuphatikizapo chinsinsi, zikupitirira mpaka tsiku lomaliza.

Musanasiye ntchito, onani zinthu zitatu. Kusiya ntchito mwaufulu nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti palibe phindu la ulova (WW), chifukwa UWV imaona kuti ulova ndi wolakwa. Kumatanthauzanso kuti palibe malipiro osinthira , pokhapokha ngati kusiya ntchitoyo kudachitika chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa la olemba ntchito. Ndipo gawo losapikisana, gawo lobwezera ndalama zophunzirira kapena dongosolo la bonasi likhoza kuyambika chifukwa cha kuchoka kwanu. Ngati abwana anu akukuchotsani ntchito, mgwirizano wothetsa nthawi zambiri ndi njira yabwino kuposa kusiya ntchito.

Pangano lothetsa mgwirizano (vaststellingsovereeenkomst) limathetsa mgwirizanowu mwa mgwirizano wa onse awiri. Mutha kulithetsa polemba mkati mwa masiku 14 mutasaina, popanda kupereka zifukwa. Ngati panganolo silinatchule ufulu umenewu, muli ndi milungu itatu (nkhani 7:670b Civil Code).

Kuchoka nthawi isanakwane nthawi yodziwitsira kumalola

Olemba ntchito ndi antchito angagwirizane polemba kuti afupikitse nthawi yodziwitsa. Aliyense amene athetsa ntchito popanda kutsatira nthawi yodziwitsa yolondola ayenera kulipira chindapusa cha munthu winayo chofanana ndi malipiro a nthawi yomwe mgwirizano uyenera kupitilira (nkhani 7:672(11)), ngakhale kuti khothi lingachepetse ndalamazo. Olemba ntchito sangakakamize wantchito kugwiritsa ntchito tchuthi chochuluka panthawi yodziwitsa, koma nthawi zambiri ayenera kupereka pempho la tchuthi panthawi yake pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zomveka za bizinesi zosachitira zimenezo.

Kodi nthawi yodziwitsira yanthawi zonse sigwira ntchito liti?

Nthawi yoyeserera

Pa nthawi yovomerezeka yoyeserera, mbali iliyonse ikhoza kuthetsa mgwirizano nthawi yomweyo popanda chidziwitso. Nthawi yoyeserera iyenera kuvomerezedwa mwa kulemba ndipo imagwiranso ntchito mofanana kwa onse awiri. Sizololedwa mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuchepera. Mu mgwirizano wa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi koma yosakwana zaka ziwiri, ikhoza kukhala mwezi umodzi, komanso mu mgwirizano wa zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo kapena kwa nthawi yosatha yosakwana miyezi iwiri.

Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule ndi kusiya ntchito pazifukwa zadzidzidzi

Bwana akhoza kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo (ontslag op staande voet) pazifukwa zadzidzidzi (dringende reden, nkhani 7:678), monga kuba, chinyengo, chiwawa kapena kukana kutsatira malangizo oyenera nthawi zonse. Bwana ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikudziwitsa wantchito chifukwa chake nthawi yomweyo, ndipo makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso okhwima. Wantchitoyo akhoza kupempha khothi mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kuti lichotse kuchotsedwa ntchito. Wantchitoyo akhozanso kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo pazifukwa zadzidzidzi (nkhani 7:679), mwachitsanzo ngati malipiro sanalipidwe, kenako angapemphe ndalama zowonongeka.

Makontrakitala okhazikika

Pangano la nthawi yokhazikika limatha lokha pa tsiku lomwe lavomerezedwa. Lingathe kuthetsedwa msanga pokhapokha ngati panganoli lili ndi gawo loletsa ntchito kwakanthawi. Bwana ayenera kupereka chidziwitso cholembedwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo pangano la nthawi yokhazikika lisanathe la miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuposerapo ngati lidzakonzedwanso, ndipo ayenera kulipira malipiro a mwezi umodzi ngati alephera kutero.

Kodi n’chiyani chimakonzedwa pambuyo pa tsiku lomaliza?

• Maholide: Ndalama zolipirira tchuthi zosatengedwa zimaperekedwa ntchito ikatha (nkhani 7:641), pamodzi ndi ndalama zolipirira tchuthi zomwe zapezeka.
• Tsamba: Wantchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wolembedwa ndi chikalata cha mtundu wa ntchitoyo, masiku a ntchitoyo, komanso ngati apempha, njira yochotsera ntchitoyo (nkhani 7:656).
• Mapangano oletsa: Chigawo chovomerezeka cha kusapikisana (concurrentiebeding) kapena chiganizo chosapempha (relatiebeding) chikupitiriza kugwira ntchito pambuyo posiya ntchito pokhapokha ngati olemba ntchito achotsa ntchitoyo mwa kulemba.
• Chilolezo chokhala: Kwa munthu wosamukira kudziko lina waluso kwambiri, kutha kwa ntchito kumakhudza chilolezo chokhala m'dzikolo; pali nthawi yofufuzira ya miyezi itatu kuti mupeze bwana watsopano. Landirani upangiri pa zotsatira za msonkho padera.

Kodi muyenera kuwunika chiyani ngati wantchito?

• Pangano lanu ndi CAO iliyonse kwa nthawi yolembedwa yoposa mwezi umodzi (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi).
• Kaya pangano lanu limakhazikitsa maola anu; ndi pangano lopanda maola, chidziwitso chanu chikufanana ndi nthawi yoitana munthu kuti alowe ntchito ya masiku anayi.
• Tsiku lanu lomaliza la ntchito motsatira lamulo la kumapeto kwa mwezi la nkhani 7:672(1).
• Chigawo chilichonse chosapikisana, ndalama zophunzirira kapena bonasi chomwe kuchoka kwanu kungayambitsidwe.
• Ngati muli ndi chilolezo cha osamukira chaukadaulo: nthawi yofufuzira ya miyezi itatu pambuyo pa kutha kwa ntchito.

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wolemba ntchito?

• Chidziwitso cha nthawi ya ntchito ya wantchito patsikulo chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimakhazikitsa nthawi yovomerezeka ya mwezi umodzi mpaka inayi.
• Kaya muli ndi chifukwa chomveka komanso chilolezo cha UWV, chigamulo cha khothi kapena chilolezo cholembedwa cha wantchito musanapereke chidziwitso.
• Kaya njira ya UWV ingachotsedwe, zomwe zingasiye mwezi umodzi (nkhani 7:672(6)).
• Pa mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuposerapo: chidziwitso cholembedwa chokhudza kukonzanso osachepera mwezi umodzi tsiku lomaliza lisanafike.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi nthawi yodziwitsa?

Maloya athu okhudza ntchito amalangiza antchito ndi olemba anzawo ntchito pa masiku osiya ntchito ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito.

• Timafufuza mgwirizano wa ntchito ndi CAO yoyenera kuti tipeze zigawo zovomerezeka zodziwitsira.
• Timawerengera nthawi yodziwitsira ndi tsiku lenileni lomaliza la ntchito.
• Timalemba kalata yodzipatula kapena yodziwitsa, pamodzi ndi umboni woti tafika.
• Timayang'ana mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto, kuphatikizapo nthawi yoletsa masiku 14 motsatira nkhani 7:670b.
• Timawerengera malipiro omwe akuyenera kulipidwa pamene chidziwitso chinaperekedwa mochedwa kwambiri kapena mwachidule kwambiri.

Chidule

• Wantchito amapereka chidziwitso cha mwezi umodzi, cholembedwa mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi; nthawi ya olemba ntchito imakhala kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka inayi kutengera nthawi ya ntchito.
• Chidziwitsocho chimagwira ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa kalendala pokhapokha ngati gawo lolembedwa likusonyeza tsiku lina.
• Bwana amafunika chilolezo cha UWV, chigamulo cha khoti kapena chilolezo chisanayambe kuperekedwa, kupatulapo nthawi ya kuyesedwa kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI