Malamulo okhudza khalidwe la ogulitsa: kodi ndi liti pamene malamulo a ku Dutch amakhudza?

Malamulo okhudza khalidwe la wogulitsa amamangidwa malinga ndi malamulo aku Dutch pokhapokha ngati atakhala mbali ya mgwirizano: mwa kusaina, ndi umboni womveka bwino mu mgwirizano wogula, kapena kudzera mu malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe wogulitsayo wavomereza. Popanda zimenezo, malamulowo kwenikweni ndi chikalata cha ndondomeko, ngakhale kuti kulingalira bwino ndi chilungamo (Nkhani 6:248 ya Dutch Civil Code, BW) zingathandize paubwenzi wa nthawi yayitali.

Kaya kuphwanya malamulo kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kapena kuthetsedwa kwa malamulo kumadalira choyamba momwe malamulowa adakhazikitsidwira, kenako momwe maudindo ake alili otsimikizika. Tsamba lino likufotokoza zonse ziwiri, chitetezo chili chotseguka kwa wogulitsa ndi njira zothandiza kwa ogula ndi ogulitsa.

Kodi malamulo okhudza khalidwe la ogulitsa ndi otani?

Malamulo omwe kampani imafuna kuti ogulitsa ake azitsatira, nthawi zambiri kutengera malamulo a ILO, mfundo zoyendetsera bizinesi ndi ufulu wa anthu za UN kapena malangizo a OECD. Nkhani zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ana, miyezo ya chilengedwe, kuletsa ziphuphu ndi kuteteza deta motsatira GDPR.

Chikalatacho sichinanene chilichonse chokhudza mphamvu zake zalamulo. Ma code ena amalembedwa ngati zolinga ("opereka amayesetsa kuti ..."), ena ngati maudindo enieni okhudzana ndi ufulu wowerengera ndalama ndi zilango. Kusiyana kumeneko, ndi momwe malamulowo amalowera muubwenzi, zimasankha ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi malamulo a khalidwe amatsatira liti?

Pamene magulu awiriwa adavomereza. Mwachidule, pali njira zitatu, kuyambira zolimba kwambiri mpaka zofooka kwambiri.

Kuphatikizidwa mwachindunji mu mgwirizano

Khodiyi imalumikizidwa ku mgwirizano wogula kapena wa chimango ngati chowonjezera, mgwirizanowu umautchula kuti ndi womangirira, kapena wogulitsa amasaina chilengezo china chosonyeza kuti akutsatira malamulo. Khodiyi imakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi gawo lina lililonse la mgwirizano.

Kudzera mu malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse

Ngati malamulo ogula a wogula alengeza kuti malamulowo ndi ofunikira ndipo malamulowo akugwira ntchito, wogulitsayo amakakamizidwa ngakhale atapanda kuwerenga malamulowo (Article 6:232 BW). Komabe, wogulitsayo akhoza kuthetsa gawo la mawu onse ngati ndi lovuta kwambiri kapena ngati wogula sanamupatse mwayi wokwanira wowerenga malamulowo (Article 6:233 BW). Pakati pa mabizinesi, malamulo onse otsutsana amathetsedwa motsatira Article 6:225(3) BW: mawu oyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wachiwiri wakana momveka bwino.

Kudzera mu kulingalira bwino ndi chilungamo

Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:248(1) BW, pangano lilinso ndi zotsatira zomwe zimachokera ku malamulo, miyambo, kulingalira bwino komanso chilungamo. Mu ubale wautali momwe malamulowa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, kapena m'gawo lomwe malamulo otere ndi ofanana, khothi lingaganizire izi potanthauzira zomwe maguluwo ayenera kuchita. Njira iyi siyotsimikizika; musadalire ngati wogula.

Kodi wogulitsa angatsutse chiyani motsutsana ndi khodi?

Kuti sichinakhalepo gawo la mgwirizano, kuti gawo linalake ndi lovuta kwambiri, kapena kuti kukakamiza sikuvomerezeka pazochitikazo.

• Sizikugwirizana kapena sizinaperekedwe: Khodiyo sinaphatikizidwe, kutchulidwa kapena kupezeka pangano lisanathe.
• Zovuta kwambiri: gawo lachidule lomwe limasintha chiopsezo chosayerekezeka, mwachitsanzo udindo wopanda malire wa kuphwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono ndi ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono, lingathe kuthetsedwa motsatira Article 6:233(a) BW, pokhapokha ngati wogulitsayo ndi kampani yayikulu yomwe yachotsedwa mu Article 6:235 BW.
• Zosavomerezeka pazochitika: Malinga ndi Article 6:248(2) BW, lamulo la mgwirizano siligwira ntchito ngati zimenezo sizingavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo, mwachitsanzo kuthetsa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo pang'ono okhudza utsogoleri.
• Zosamveka bwino: "Opereka chithandizo amachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti agwire ntchito mokhazikika" ndi kovuta kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati udindo weniweni.
• Mabaibulo amtsogolo: Chiganizo chomwe chimamangirira wogulitsa ku "mtundu uliwonse wamtsogolo" chimapatsa wogula ufulu wosintha pangano ndipo akhoza kutsutsidwa.

Kodi zotsatira zake ndi ziti za kuphwanya malamulo?

Ngati malamulowo ndi omangika ndipo aphwanyidwa, wogula akhoza kupempha kuti agwire ntchito, awonongedwe, ndipo ngati waphwanya kwambiri mgwirizano, athetsedwe. Wogula ayenera kutsimikizira kuphwanya malamulowo, kuwonongekako, ndi chifukwa chake.

Zowonongeka chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito zikuchokera mu Nkhani 6:74 BW. Ngati malamulowa si mbali ya pangano, pempho likhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa zochita zosaloledwa (Nkhani 6:162 BW), zomwe zimafuna zambiri kuposa kuswa chikalata cha mfundo zachinsinsi.

Wogulitsayo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yaikulu (overmacht) motsatira Nkhani 6:75 BW pokhapokha ngati kulephera si vuto lake ndipo sikuli chifukwa cha mlandu wake mwalamulo, mgwirizano kapena malingaliro ovomerezeka. Kulephera kwa ogulitsa ake nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha akaunti ya wogulitsayo. Khothi likhoza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka motsatira Nkhani 6:109 BW ngati malipiro onse angapangitse zotsatira zosavomerezeka, koma limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo moletsa.

Chitsanzo chofotokozera: kampani ya zovala imabwezeretsa malaya ambiri chifukwa utoto womwe wogulitsa amagwiritsira ntchito umaphwanya miyezo ya chilengedwe yomwe ili mu malamulo omwe avomerezedwa. Chikalata chake chingaphimbe katundu wobwezedwa, njira zobwezeredwa ndi katundu komanso phindu lomwe latayika; kuwonongeka kwa mbiri kumatha kubwezedwa koma n'kovuta kutsimikizira.

Kodi malamulo a ogula amakhudza bwanji malamulo a ogulitsa?

Ngati kampani iuza ogula kuti ikutsatira malamulo a khalidwe, kulephera kutero kungakhale njira yosokeretsa yamalonda. Malinga ndi Article 6:193c(2)(b) BW izi zikugwira ntchito pamene udindo womwe uli mu malamulowo ndi wotsimikizika komanso wotsimikizika, wamalondayo amasonyeza kuti akutsatira malamulowo, ndipo kuphwanya malamulowo kungapangitse ogula wamba kusankha zomwe sakanapanga.

Khoti Loona za Malonda ndi Makampani (CBb) linagamula pa 25 Ogasiti 2015 ( ECLI:NL:CBB:2015:285 ) kuti sikuti kuphwanya malamulo kulikonse komwe kumasokeretsa kokha: Bungwe Loona za Ogula ndi Misika (ACM) liyenera kusonyeza kuti kuphwanya malamuloko kungakhudze zisankho za ogula. Zonena za kukhazikika kwa anthu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwabe, zomwe zimapatsa ogula chifukwa chokakamiza malamulo awo kuti atsatire.

Pazaulimi ndi zinthu zazakudya, lamulo lokhudza mchitidwe wochita malonda mosayenera muulimi ndi chakudya (Wet oneerlijke handelspraktijken landbouw- en voedselvoorzieningsketen) imawonjezera malamulo okakamiza omwe malamulo a ogula sanganyalanyaze.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati wogula?

• Kaya malamulowa akuphatikizidwa kapena atchulidwa momveka bwino mu dongosolo lililonse ndi mgwirizano wogula.
• Kaya mungatsimikizire kuti wogulitsayo adalandira codeyo asanafike pangano.
• Kaya maudindowo ndi odalirika mokwanira kuti akwaniritse, ndi ufulu wowerengera ndalama ndi ntchito zopereka malipoti.
• Kaya zilangozo zili zomveka bwino: nthawi yokonza, kutha kwa mlandu, komanso nthawi yomwe kuphwanya lamulo kuli kofunika.
• Kaya wogulitsa ayenera kuyika maudindo omwewo kwa ogulitsa ake.
• Kaya zomwe mumanena pagulu zokhudza unyolo wanu wogulira zikugwirizana ndi zomwe mungatsimikizire.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati wogulitsa?

• Ndi mtundu uti wa khodi womwe ukugwira ntchito, komanso ngati wogula angasinthe payekhapayekha.
• Kaya mungathe kukwaniritsa chilichonse chofunikira, kapena mukufuna nthawi yosinthira.
• Kaya udindo wanu pa kuphwanya malamulo, kuphatikizapo omwe amaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono, ndi wocheperako.
• Kaya kuphwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono kumabweretsa nthawi yokonzanso m'malo mothetsa nthawi yomweyo.
• Kaya mumalemba ma audit anu ndi ma check a sub-supplier.
• Kaya inshuwalansi yanu ya udindo imaphimba kuphwanya malamulo otsatira mapangano.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi malamulo okhudza khalidwe la ogulitsa?

Maloya athu amakampani amaimira ogula ndi ogulitsa pa mgwirizano wazinthu.

• Timawunikanso ngati malamulo anu a khalidwe ali ovomerezeka mu mapangano anu ndi malamulo onse.
• Timalemba kapena kusintha malamulo, zigawo zowerengera ndalama, zilango ndi malire a udindo.
• Timayesa kuphwanya konkire ndi njira zina zowonongera, kuyimitsa kapena kuletsa ntchito.
• Timakambirana za malamulo m'malo mwa wogulitsa, kuphatikizapo nthawi yosinthira ndi malire.
• Timachita milandu yokhudza kuphwanya malamulo pamaso pa khoti la chigawo.

Chidule

• Khodi ya wogulitsa ndi yomangika ikaphatikizidwa ndi siginecha, chizindikiro cha pangano kapena mawu onse ovomerezeka (Nkhani 6:232 BW).
• Kuganiza bwino komanso chilungamo (Nkhani 6:248 BW) kungapangitse kuti malamulo agwire ntchito, koma ndi maziko osatsimikizika.
• Ogulitsa zinthu akhoza kutsutsa ziganizo zovuta kwambiri (Nkhani 6:233 BW) ndi kutsatiridwa kosavomerezeka (Nkhani 6:248(2) BW).
• Kuphwanya malamulo kungayambitse kuwonongeka (Nkhani 6:74 BW); mphamvu yaikulu pa kulephera kwa ogulitsa ochepa sikupambana kawirikawiri.
• Kuswa malamulo omwe wamalonda amavomereza poyera kungakhale njira yosokeretsa, ngati ingakhudze zisankho za ogula (ECLI:NL:CBB:2015:285).

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI