Pangano la zopereka ku Netherlands: zigawo, zoopsa ndi kuthetsa

Pangano lopereka katundu ndi mgwirizano womwe wogulitsa amalonjeza kupereka katundu kapena ntchito kwa wogula malinga ndi zomwe agwirizana pakapita nthawi. Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Dutch, limapangidwa ndi kupereka ndi kuvomereza (nkhani 6:217 ya Dutch Civil Code) ndipo silifunikira mawonekedwe enaake, koma malamulo osasinthika a Civil Code amagwira ntchito kulikonse komwe panganolo silinatchulidwe. Kupatulapo kwakukulu kwa ufulu umenewo kuli m'malamulo ofunikira okhudza malipiro, malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse, komanso, pakugulitsa kwa mayiko ena, Vienna Sales Convention.

Kodi mgwirizano wopereka zinthu ndi chiyani malinga ndi lamulo la ku Dutch?

Ndi pangano ngati lina lililonse: lomangirira ngati mbali zonse ziwiri zikufuna kumangidwa ndipo maudindo ofunikira atha kudziwika. Palibe fomu yolembera yomwe ikufunika, kotero kusinthana maimelo kungakhale komangirira ngati chikalata chosainidwa.

Chikalata cholembedwa chimakhalabe chofunikira. Ngati pangano silinalembedwe, malamulo osasinthika a Mabuku 6 ndi 7 amadzaza mpata, ndipo malinga ndi Nkhani 152 ya Malamulo a Milandu ya Milandu, khoti lili ndi ufulu wowunikira umboni. Munthu amene angasonyeze mfundo yosainidwa, nthawi yotumizira yomwe yalembedwa tsiku ndi mndandanda wa madandaulo ali pamalo olimba kwambiri kuposa munthu amene amadalira kukumbukira.

N’chifukwa chiyani ndi chimango osati kugula kamodzi kokha?

Chifukwa mapangano ambiri opereka zinthu ndi mapangano opitilira (duuroveeenkomsten): amapanga ubale wokhalitsa osati wosinthana katundu m'modzi. Kutumiza katundu payekhapayekha kumayimitsidwa ndi oda yogulira.

Kawirikawiri panganolo palokha silikhala ndi udindo wogula konse, kapena kuchuluka kochepa kokha. Kapangidwe ka magawo awiri kameneko kamagwira ntchito bwino, koma pokhapokha ngati panganolo likunena momveka bwino kuti limapambana chilichonse chosindikizidwa pa oda, chitsimikizo cha oda kapena kalata yotumizira. Popanda gawo limenelo, oda iliyonse imakhala kukambirana kwatsopano pankhani ya mawu omwe amagwira ntchito.

Kodi mgwirizano wopereka zinthu ndi wofanana ndi mgwirizano wa bungwe kapena wogawa zinthu?

Ayi. Wothandizira malonda ali ndi chitetezo chovomerezeka mwalamulo; wogulitsa kapena wogulitsa amene amagula ndi kugulitsa m'dzina lake satero.

Wothandizira amene amakambirana kapena kumaliza mapangano m'dzina la mkulu wa kampani amatetezedwa ndi Nkhani 7:428 ndi kutsatira Malamulo Achikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo nthawi zodziwitsira komanso malipiro abwino akatha ntchito. Wogawa alibe njira yotereyi, ngakhale kuti lamulo la milandu ya ku Netherlands pa mapangano omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali limaletsa kutha ntchito mwadzidzidzi. Chidule chathu cha mitundu ya mapangano amalonda motsatira lamulo la ku Netherlands chimafotokoza komwe mtundu uliwonse wa mapangano uli.

Ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zimasankha amene ali ndi chiopsezo?

Zigawo zinayi zimagwira ntchito zambiri: mfundo, nthawi yolipira, kupereka ndi kupereka zoopsa, komanso kusunga umwini. Ngati ubale wopereka zinthu walakwika, izi ndi zomwe khoti limawerenga kaye.

Kodi mumapangitsa bwanji kuti mfundozo zigwire ntchito?

Chikhale cholondola komanso choyesedwa. Chilichonse chomwe mwalemba mu mfundozo chimakhala muyezo woti mutsatire; chilichonse chomwe mwasiya chimayesedwa poyerekeza ndi muyezo wosamveka bwino wa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kabwinobwino.

Nkhani 7:17 ya Civil Code imafuna kuti katundu woperekedwa agwirizane ndi mgwirizano. Wogula angayembekezere katundu wofunikira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwachizolowezi. Pa ntchito iliyonse yomwe yaperekedwa, wogula angayembekezere katundu woyenerera malinga ndi mgwirizano. Mawu omwe ali ndi kulemera konse komweko ndi mgwirizano.

Kodi ndi malamulo ati olipira omwe mabizinesi angavomereze?

Kulephera kwalamulo kumachitika patatha masiku 30 kuchokera pamene invoice yalandiridwa, ndipo nthawi yopitilira masiku 60 imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati sikulakwa kwa wogulitsa. Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2017, kampani yayikulu yogula kuchokera kwa wogulitsa waung'ono kapena wapakatikati singagwirizane ndi nthawi yopitilira masiku 30 konse.

Malamulo awa ali mu nkhani 6:119a ya Civil Code. Ngati kampani yayikulu igula kuchokera ku bizinesi yaying'ono kapena yapakatikati, nthawi yayitali siigwira ntchito ndipo nthawi ya masiku 30 imagwira ntchito malinga ndi lamulo. Yang'anani zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pogula motsatira lamuloli musanapereke kwa ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono.

Malipiro akachedwa, chiwongola dzanja chamalonda chovomerezeka motsatira Article 6:119a chimayamba chokha, popanda chikumbutso. Mtengo wake ndi ECB refinancing rate kuphatikiza ma point asanu ndi atatu peresenti ndipo umasinthidwa kawiri pachaka, choncho onani mtengo wovomerezeka osati peresenti yokhazikika. Ndalama zosonkhanitsira zina zitha kupemphedwa pamwamba, pansi pa Lamulo la ndalama zosonkhanitsira zina (Besluit vergoeding voor buitengerechtelijke incassokosten).

Kodi chiopsezo chimatha liti, ndipo kodi kusunga umwini kumateteza bwanji wogulitsa?

Chiwopsezo chimapita kwa wogula akafika, ngakhale umwini sunaperekedwe. Kusunga umwini kumalola wogulitsa kusunga umwini mpaka mtengo utaperekedwa.

Lamulo loyamba lili mu nkhani 7:10 ya Civil Code. Incoterms 2020 ndi mawu ofupikitsa omwe amafotokozera za amene amakonza ndi kulipira galimoto, inshuwalansi ndi kasitomu, komanso nthawi yomwe ngozi imayenda. Komabe, ndi mawu amalonda a pangano osati lamulo. Tchulani lamulo ndi malo omwe atchulidwa molondola, ndipo onetsetsani kuti lamulo lomwe mwasankha likugwirizana ndi mayendedwe omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.

Kwa wogulitsa, gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri ndi kusunga mutu wa nkhani 3:92 ya Civil Code. Umwini umatha pokhapokha mtengo utaperekedwa. Chifukwa chake, wogulitsa akhoza kubweza katundu wosalipidwa kwa wogula amene wasiya kulipira kapena walephera kulipira. Lamulo la ku Netherlands limalolanso kusunga mutu kwa nthawi yayitali womwe umaphimba zopempha zonse kuchokera ku ubale wopereka.

Kusunga umwini kumagwira ntchito pokhapokha pazifukwa zitatu. Kuyenera kuvomerezedwa musanapereke kapena panthawi yopereka. Katunduyo ayenera kukhala wodziwika bwino. Ndipo sayenera kukhala atasinthidwa kukhala chinthu chatsopano. Tsimikizirani mfundoyi ndi njira zothandiza monga kuyika chizindikiro cha batch ndi kusungira padera. Kontrakitala kapena wokonza yemwe ali ndi katundu wa wina akhozanso kukhala ndi ufulu wosunga malinga ndi nkhani 3:290 ya Civil Code.

Kodi ndi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe za ndani zomwe zikugwira ntchito?

Mwachidule, mawu omwe amatchulidwa poyamba. Pansi pa lamulo la Dutch la "kuponya koyamba", mawu omwe ali mu pempholi ndi omwe amapambana pokhapokha ngati kuvomerezako kwakana mwachindunji.

Nkhani 6:231 ndi kutsatira kwa Civil Code zimatanthauzira mawu onse monga zigawo zomwe zalembedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza osati zomwe zimakambidwa payekhapayekha.

Kodi nkhondo ya mitundu imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Nkhani 6:225 ndime 3 ya Civil Code ili ndi lamuloli. Kukana mawu a mbali ina m'malemba anu ang'onoang'ono sikokwanira. Kukana kuyenera kukhala komveka bwino komanso kopangidwa panthawi yoyenera. Mwachizolowezi, chipani chomwe chimalandira mawu ake poyamba, ndikukana ena onse, nthawi zambiri chimapambana.

Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani ngati simunatumizepo mawu anu?

Chipani china chingathe kuthetsa ziganizo zomwe sichikukonda. Wogwiritsa ntchito mawu wamba ayenera kupatsa chipani china mwayi wokwanira woziganizira.

Malinga ndi nkhani 6:233 ndi 6:234 za Civil Code, izi zimachitika mwa kupereka malamulowo kapena kuwatumiza asanayambe kapena panthawi yogwira ntchito. Malamulo apakompyuta amaloledwa ngati mgwirizanowo wachitika pakompyuta, kapena mwanjira ina iliyonse ndi chilolezo cha chipani china. Ngati udindowo sunakwaniritsidwe, chipani chinacho chikhoza kuthetsa gawo lina. Gawo lomwe ndi lovuta kwambiri lingathe kuthetsedwa mulimonse momwe zingakhalire.

Pali ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi nkhani 6:235, gulu lomwe ndi lalikulu silingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi. Large zikutanthauza kuti liyenera kufalitsa maakaunti apachaka kapena kulemba anthu osachepera makumi asanu. Wogula wa ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri amatha kuwagwiritsa ntchito.

Phunziro lothandiza ndi losasangalatsa. Phatikizani mawuwo pa choperekacho, afotokozereni mu chitsimikizo cha oda ndipo sungani umboni woti mwatumiza. Kenako onani ngati seti yanu yokhazikika ili ndi chilichonse chomwe khothi la ku Netherlands lingatsutse. Tikufotokoza izi mwatsatanetsatane mu kalozera wathu wolembera mawu ndi zikhalidwe zonse.

Kodi mungatani ngati wogulitsa wachedwa kapena wapereka katundu wolakwika?

Choyamba, sankhani wogulitsayo ngati sangakwanitse kupereka chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe chimakhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yoyenera. Pokhapokha mutapempha kuti muwonongedwe kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano, pokhapokha ngati panganolo lili ndi nthawi yomaliza yomwe imapangitsa kuti chidziwitsocho chisafunike.

Nkhani 6:82 ya Civil Code imafuna kuti pakhale chidziwitso cholembedwa chokhudza kusagwira ntchito chomwe chimapereka nthawi yoyenera yogwirira ntchito. Pambuyo poti nthawiyo itatha popanda kugwira ntchito, wogulitsayo ndiye amene walephera, ndipo pamenepo ndiye kuti pempho la kuwonongeka motsatira nkhani 6:74 limayamba. Chidziwitsocho si mwambo woti munthu adutse. Wogula amene akudandaula pafoni koma osalemba nthawi yomaliza amaika pempho lake pachiwopsezo.

Kodi mumapewa bwanji chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino?

Gwirizanani nthawi yomaliza yoti zinthu zofunika kwambiri ziperekedwe. Nthawi yomaliza ikatha, nthawi yomalizayo imayamba.

Malinga ndi nkhani 6:83 ya Civil Code, kusachita bwino kumachitika popanda chidziwitso pomwe nthawi yomaliza yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu mgwirizano imadutsa popanda kuchita bwino ndipo nthawi yomalizayo inali yomaliza. Kuvomereza nthawi yomaliza yomaliza (fatale termijn) kumasintha tsiku lililonse lofunika lomwe lasiyidwa kukhala kusachita bwino nthawi yomweyo. Chiganizo cha chilango pansi pa nkhani 6:91 ndi zotsatirazi chingakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana ndikukutetezani ku vuto loti mutayike. Khothi limakhala ndi mphamvu pansi pa nkhani 6:94 yochepetsera chilango chomwe chili chochulukirapo, ndipo mphamvuyo singachotsedwe.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe wogula ali nawo?

Wogulitsa akalephera kulipira, wogula akhoza kuyimitsa kulipira, kupempha kuti zinthu ziwonongeke, kupempha kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kapena kuthetsa. Kuthetsa sikungapezeke chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kumachokera pa nkhani 6:262 ya Civil Code ndipo kutha kwa ntchito kumachokera pa nkhani 6:265. Kutha kwa ntchito kulipo ngati kulephera kulikonse kukuchitika, kupatulapo ngati kulepherako, chifukwa cha kufunika kwake kochepa, sikuli koyenera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira zazikulu zochiritsira ziyenera kulembedwa nthawi yochiritsira komanso malire omveka bwino, monga chiwerengero chodziwika cha kubereka mochedwa panthawi yopitilira.

Kodi wogulitsa angathawe liti udindo?

Kudzera mu mphamvu yaikulu kapena, mwapadera, pazochitika zosayembekezereka. Panganoli likhoza kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa loyamba; lachiwiri lili ndi malire okwera.

Mphamvu yayikulu motsatira Nkhani 6:75 ya Civil Code imapangitsa kuti kulephera komwe sikungachitike chifukwa cha wogulitsa, ndipo panganoli likhoza kulikulitsa kapena kulichepetsa; gawo lolemba kulephera kwa wogulitsa kapena kusowa kwa zinthu zopangira chifukwa chokhululukira zochitika kumasintha chiopsezocho kwambiri. Pansi pa Nkhani 6:258 khothi likhoza kusintha kapena kuchotsa pangano pazifukwa zosayembekezereka, koma malire ake ndi okwera.

Kodi muyenera kudandaula mofulumira bwanji za kutumizidwa kolakwika?

Mu nthawi yokwanira (bekame tijd) mutapeza cholakwikacho, kapena muyenera kuchipeza moyenera. Mukaphonya zenera limenelo ndipo mutaya ufulu wodalira cholakwikacho, ngakhale chitakhala chachikulu bwanji.

Nkhani 7:23 ndime 1 ya Civil Code imaika udindo umenewo kwa wogula katundu. Nkhani 6:89 imaika udindo wofanana mu mgwirizano uliwonse wa pangano, kuphatikizapo kupereka ntchito.

Chomwe chimawerengedwa ngati nthawi yoyenera chimadalira zenizeni. Mtundu wa katundu, kaya cholakwikacho chinkaoneka pofika, khama lomwe kuwunika kungatenge komanso kuvulaza komwe kuchedwa kunabweretsa kwa wogulitsa zonse zimachita gawo. Nthawi yokhazikika ya miyezi iwiri yomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amanena imagwira ntchito kwa ogula okha omwe akugula chinthu chosunthika, osati kwa ogulitsa. Wogula waluso sangaganize kuti ali ndi miyezi iwiri yoti aganizire za izi. Katundu wowonongeka kapena wofunika kwambiri angafunike kudandaula mkati mwa masiku.

Kodi chiganizo chowunikira chingathandize bwanji?

Zimalowa m'malo mwa mkangano wokhudza kumveka bwino ndi njira yomveka bwino. Magulu onse awiri amadziwa nthawi yomwe katunduyo amawerengedwa ngati wavomerezedwa.

Gwirizanani ndi zenera loyang'anira. Nenani kuti katunduyo walandiridwa ngati palibe madandaulo olembedwa omwe aperekedwa mkati mwake. Fotokozani zomwe zimachitika pakakanidwa: kukonza, kusintha kapena ngongole, mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, pamtengo ndi chiopsezo cha wogulitsa. Zimenezi zimapatsa wogulitsa chitsimikizo ndipo zimapatsa wogula njira yoyenera yochitira zinthu.

Kodi pali nthawi yomaliza yachiwiri pambuyo pa madandaulo?

Inde. Malinga ndi nkhani 7:23 ndime 2 ya Civil Code, pempho la wogula limakhala loletsedwa patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene dandaulo linaperekedwa, pokhapokha ngati nthawi yochepetsera katunduyo yasokonezedwa.

Kusokoneza kumachitika ndi pempho lolembedwa kapena chidziwitso motsatira nkhani 3:317 ya Civil Code. Kalata yolembetsedwa yochepa yosungira ufulu wanu imawononga ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi pempho lomwe limatha popanda kudziwika pamene maguluwo akukambiranabe.

Kodi mungathetse bwanji mgwirizano wopereka katundu popanda kuweruzidwa kukhothi?

Pangano la nthawi yokhazikika limatha; pangano la nthawi yosatha lingathe kuthetsedwa ndi chidziwitso. Komabe, pa ubale womwe ulipo kwa nthawi yayitali, kumveka bwino ndi chilungamo kungafune chidziwitso cha nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chachikulu kapena kulipidwa.

Chigamulo chokonzanso chokha chingathe kuwonjezera nthawi yokhazikika kwa nthawi ina yonse ngati palibe amene wapereka chidziwitso. Lembani tsiku la chidziwitso m'malo mwa tsiku lomaliza. Pa mgwirizano wa nthawi yosatha, lamulo la ku Netherlands ndi lokhwima kuposa momwe mawu a mgwirizano amanenera nthawi zambiri.

Kodi mukufuna chidziwitso chotani pa mgwirizano wosatha?

Ngati panganoli lilibe chidziwitso, kwenikweni limatha. Zofunikira za kulingalira bwino komanso chilungamo zomwe zili mu nkhani 6:248 ya Civil Code zingafunikebe chifukwa chokwanira, nthawi yayitali yodziwitsira kapena kulipidwa.

Izi zikutsatira lamulo la Khoti Lalikulu pankhani yopitiliza mgwirizano. Zinthu zomwe zimawerengedwa zikuphatikizapo kutalika kwa ubale, ndalama zomwe winayo adayika popempha kwanu, kuchuluka kwa kudalira kwake pazachuma komanso nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuti apeze njira ina. Wogulitsa yemwe adakonzanso mzere wake wopanga zinthu kwa wogula m'modzi sangangochotsedwa pokhapokha atadziwitsidwa mwezi umodzi.

Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati wogulitsa alephera kugwira ntchito?

Wogula akhoza kukakamiza woyang'anira kuti asankhe ngati panganolo lidzachitika. Kusunga umwini komwe kwavomerezedwa bwino kumakhalabe kogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi woyang'anira.

Malinga ndi nkhani 37 ya Bankruptcy Act, wogula angafune kuti trustee alengeze mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera ngati mgwirizanowu udzachitika. Ngati trustee sayankha, amataya ufulu wofuna kuti mgwirizano uchitike. Kwa wogulitsa, ichi ndi chifukwa china choti asunge umwini poyamba osati pambuyo poti walephera kulipira koyamba. Chidziwitso chathu chokhudza mgwirizano ndi magulu aku Dutch chikukhudza zolakwika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaonekera panthawiyi.

Ndi lamulo liti komanso khoti liti lomwe limagwira ntchito popereka zinthu zodutsa malire?

Zimenezo zimadalira kusankha kwa lamulo ndi malo olankhulirana mu mgwirizano; popanda lamulo limodzi, malamulo a EU amalozera ku dziko la wogulitsa kapena wopereka chithandizo komanso ku khoti la wotsutsidwa kapena komwe katunduyo amatumizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Vienna Sales Convention (CISG) imagwira ntchito yokha pa malonda ambiri apadziko lonse lapansi a katundu.

Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limalamulira mgwirizanowu?

Lamulo lomwe maguluwo adasankha. Popanda kusankha, lamulo la dziko la wogulitsa kapena la wopereka chithandizo nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito.

Lamulo logwira ntchito limakhazikitsidwa ndi Rome I Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008). Pangano logulitsa katundu popanda kusankha lamulo limayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe wogulitsa amakhala nthawi zonse. Pangano la ntchito limayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe wopereka chithandizo amachita. Chifukwa chake, wogula waku Netherlands yemwe sanayankhepo funsoli akhoza kukhala akuchita mgwirizano ndi malamulo akunja.

Nchifukwa chiyani Msonkhano Wogulitsa wa ku Vienna uli wofunika?

Choncho kusankha lamulo la ku Dutch kumabweretsa CISG, osati malamulo ogulitsa a Civil Code, pokhapokha ngati panganolo silikuchotsa mwachindunji. CISG ili ndi njira yakeyake. Imafuna kuphwanya kwakukulu pangano lisanapewedwe. Ili ndi zofunikira zake zodziwitsira kuti silikutsatira malamulo, ndi nthawi yayitali yopuma ya zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene laperekedwa. Ndipo silikukhudzana ndi kusunga umwini kapena kuvomerezeka kwa ziganizo za chilango ndi kuchotsera, zomwe zikutsatiridwa ndi lamulo la dziko. Zichotseni kapena zivomerezeni mwadala, koma musasiye mwangozi.

Ndi khoti liti lomwe limasankha mkangano?

Mkati mwa EU, khoti lomwe magulu awiriwa adasankha mwa kulemba. Popanda kusankha, khoti lakwawo la wotsutsidwayo kapena khoti la komwe adaperekera mlandu.

Mu EU, lamulo la Brussels I bis Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012) likugwira ntchito: kusankha kolembedwa kwa khothi ndikoyenera malinga ndi Nkhani 25, ndipo popanda mlandu, wotsutsidwayo akhoza kumangidwa kunyumba kapena, chifukwa cha mapangano, pamalo operekedwa. Kuweruza milandu komwe kumachitika ku Netherlands kumayendetsedwa ndi Nkhani 1020 ndi kutsatira Code of Civil Procedure, ndipo milandu imagwira ntchito kunja kwa dzikolo pansi pa Msonkhano wa New York.

Ndi zigawo ziti zina zowonjezera zoopsa zomwe ziyenera kukambidwa?

Chimene mukufuna mwa izi chimadalira zomwe mumagula komanso komwe zimachokera.

• Zilango ndi kuwongolera kutumiza kunja. Malamulo a zilango za European Union amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ku Netherlands ndipo amachotsa maudindo a mgwirizano. Lamulo la kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri (EU) 2021/821 limawonjezera maudindo a zilolezo pazinthu zomwe zalembedwa. Gawo lonena za amene angapeze zilolezo, ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati chilolezo chikakanidwa, limapewa kusokonekera komwe palibe mbali iliyonse yomwe ingagwire ntchito mwalamulo.
• Zikhomo za udindo. Zigawo ndi zochotsera ndizovomerezeka m'mapangano amalonda. Khothi likhoza kuchotsa chimodzi motsatira nkhani 6:248 ndime 2 ya Civil Code, makamaka pamene kutayikako kunayambitsidwa ndi cholinga kapena kusasamala kwa dala kwa wogulitsa kapena oyang'anira ake akuluakulu. Lembani malire omwe mungadziteteze: ogwirizana ndi mtengo wa mgwirizano, ndi njira zosungira chinsinsi ndi zopempha zaumwini za chipani chachitatu.
• Deta ndi chinsinsi. Ngati wogulitsayo akukonza deta yanu m'malo mwanu, nkhani 28 ya General Data Protection Regulation imafuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano wolemba pakati pa processer. Pangano lopereka lomwe silikutsatiridwa ndi lamulo silikwanira.
• Kufufuza bwino za unyolo wogulira zinthu. Lamulo la Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, monga momwe lasinthidwira ndi phukusi la Omnibus I, liyenera kusinthidwa pofika pa 26 Julayi 2028 ndipo likugwira ntchito ku makampani akuluakulu kuyambira pa 26 Julayi 2029. Ntchito zake zidzaperekedwa kudzera mu mgwirizano, kotero gwirizanani tsopano kuti ndani ali ndi mtengo wa zopempha za chidziwitso.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati wogula?

Monga wogula, chiopsezo chanu ndi cha wogulitsa yemwe walephera popanda njira yothetsera vuto lomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Onani mfundo izi musanasainire:

• Mafotokozedwewa akufotokoza chinthu chomwe mungayese, ndi kulekerera ndi mayeso ovomereza.
• Masiku ofunikira kwambiri otumizira katundu ndi nthawi yomaliza yoopsa malinga ndi Nkhani 6:83 ya Civil Code, kotero palibe chifukwa chodziwitsira kuti simunachite chilichonse.
• Nthawi yowunikira ndi njira yodandaula ndi yothandiza pa katundu wanu, chifukwa udindo wanu wodandaula nthawi yake motsatira Nkhani 7:23.
• CISG imachotsedwa kapena kuvomerezedwa mwachindunji.
• Chiganizo cha force majeure sichilungamitsa kulephera kwa ogulitsa wamba monga kusowa kwa zinthu zopangira.
• Munthu amene wasaina chikalatacho wavomerezedwa malinga ndi Kaundula wa Zamalonda ku KVK.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati wogulitsa?

Monga wogulitsa, chiopsezo chanu ndi kuchedwa kulipira komanso kutha mwadzidzidzi kwa ubale womwe mudayika nawo ndalama. Onani mfundo izi musanasainire:

• Nthawi yolipira ikugwirizana ndi Nkhani 6:119a, kuphatikizapo masiku 30 okhazikika ngati wogula wanu ndi kampani yayikulu ndipo inu ndinu SME.
• Kusungidwa kwa umwini motsatira Nkhani 3:92 kumavomerezedwa musanapereke koyamba ndipo kumagwira ntchito m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya wogula.
• Malamulo anu onse adatumizidwa pamodzi ndi choperekacho, ndipo choperekacho chikukana momveka bwino malamulo a wogula pansi pa Article 6:225.
• Chiwongola dzanja chanu chikugwirizana ndi mtengo wa mgwirizano.
• Chigawo chotuluka chimakhazikitsa nthawi yodziwitsa ndipo chimakhudza kuyitana komaliza, zida, zida zosinthira ndi katundu.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi mgwirizano wopereka zinthu?

Maloya athu amakampani amalemba, kuwunikanso ndikukambirana mapangano okhudzana ndi kupereka zinthu motsatira malamulo aku Dutch, m'Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi. Makamaka:

• Timalemba kapena kuwunikiranso pangano lanu lopereka katundu ndikulemba mndandanda wa zigawo zomwe zimakubweretserani chiopsezo.
• Timafufuza mawu anu onse pogwiritsa ntchito Nkhani 6:231 mpaka 6:237 za Civil Code.
• Timalemba chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino (kulemba kalata yothetsa ntchito) kapena kalata yothetsa ntchito ngati winayo walephera kuchita bwino.
• Timalangiza za malamulo ogwira ntchito, CISG ndi kusankha khothi kapena chigamulo chokhudza kupereka ndalama kudzera m'malire.
• Timayesa nthawi yodziwitsira ndi malipiro aliwonse pamene ubale wa nthawi yayitali wopereka katundu utha.

Chidule

• Pangano lopereka zinthu motsatira malamulo aku Dutch silifunikira fomu yolembedwa, koma pangano lolembedwa limasankha malamulo osasinthika a Civil Code omwe alowetsedwa m'malo mwake ndipo limakhala ngati umboni wanu.
• Malipiro amalamulidwa: masiku 30 mwachisawawa, ndipo kampani yayikulu yogula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono kapena apakatikati singagwirizane masiku opitilira 30.
• Lembani kalata yokhudza wogulitsa mochedwa, kapena gwirizanani nthawi yomaliza yoperekera zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
• Kudandaula za zolakwika mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera ndikusiya nthawi yolembera ya zaka ziwiri.
• Pogulitsa zinthu m'malire, ganizirani mwadala malamulo oyenera, CISG ndi khoti loyenerera.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI