Akukayikiridwa kuti wachita zachinyengo: kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo muyenera kuchita chiyani komanso osachita chiyani nthawi yomweyo?

Introduction

Kukayikira za kusamba ndalama kungakhale kwadzidzidzi komanso koopsa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu pa moyo wanu wachinsinsi komanso wamalonda. Mungakumane ndi mafunso apolisi, kufufuza nyumba yanu, kapena kutseka akaunti yanu ya banki. Kusamba ndalama ndi mlandu waukulu womwe umaphatikizapo kubisa kapena kubisa komwe ndalama kapena katundu wachokera. M'nkhaniyi, tikufotokoza momveka bwino tanthauzo la kukayikira za kusamba ndalama, ufulu wanu ndi wotani, momwe akuluakulu a milandu amatsimikizira izi, komanso, koposa zonse, zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi zomwe simuyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi kuba ndalama ndi chiyani?

Kutsuka ndalama ndi njira imene zigawenga 'zimatsuka' ndalama mosaloledwa kudzera m'nyumba zovuta. Zimaphatikizapo munthu kubisa kapena kubisa mtundu weniweni, komwe kunachokera, komwe kuli, kutaya kapena kusuntha kwa chinthu - nthawi zambiri ndalama kapena katundu - pamene akudziwa kapena akukayikira kuti chinachokera ku mlandu waupandu. Uwu ndi mlandu wokhudza milandu motsatira Article 420bis ya Criminal Code. Izi sizikugwira ntchito pa ndalama zokha, komanso pazinthu zina zomwe zimapezeka kudzera muzochitika zaupandu. Ku Netherlands, mlandu uliwonse womwe umapanga ndalama kuchokera ku upandu ukhoza kukhala mlandu wokhudza kutsuka ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani yotsuka ndalama, ndalamazo siziyenera kuchokera ku zochitika zaupandu; ndalama zochepa kuchokera ku ndalama zaupandu ndizokwanira.

Kuchotsa ndalama kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera mfundo zenizeni komanso makhalidwe odziwika bwino. Mawu monga 'kupeza', 'kukhala' ndi 'kusamutsa' ali ndi tanthauzo lokwanira ndipo amavomerezedwa kwambiri m'milandu. Kupeza chinthu (mawu akuti kupeza, kupeza chinthu) kuchokera ku upandu ndi chilango, ngakhale chinthucho chikuchokera mwachindunji ku upandu. Tanthauzo lenileni la zochita izi silikufuna tanthauzo lina pokhapokha ngati likuphatikizapo kubisa kapena kubisala.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mlandu womwe ulipo suyenera kudziwika bwino (chifukwa cha mlandu womwe ulipo). Khoti Lalikulu lagamula m'zigamulo zingapo kuti, kutengera mawonekedwe enieni a chinthucho komanso chidziwitso chonse, ndikokwanira kunena kuti chinthucho chinachokera ku mlandu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Unduna wa Zachiwopsezo cha Anthu suyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndalama kapena katunduyo anachokera ku mlandu uti. Kuphatikiza apo, mawu okhudza komwe ndalama kapena katunduyo anachokera ayenera kukhala olondola komanso otsimikizika pamlingo wina; sizokwanira ngati ndalamazo zinapezeka mwalamulo pamene zinthu zikusonyeza zosiyana.

Mitundu ya kutsuka ndalama

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutsuka ndalama, iliyonse ili ndi tanthauzo lake la lamulo laupandu:

• Kubera ndalama mwadala: njira yoyesera ndalama. Cholinga chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo chifukwa wokayikirayo adavomereza chiopsezo chachikulu kapena mwadala adadziwonetsa pachiwopsezo chakuti chinthucho chinachokera ku upandu. Sikuti wokayikirayo adangodziwa kumene chigawenga chinachokera, komanso kuti adachitapo kanthu mwadala. Kuyeretsa ndalama mwadala kumalangidwa kwambiri kuposa kuyeretsa ndalama mosasamala. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale m'ndende nthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati pali mgwirizano waupandu kapena ngati kuyeretsa ndalama kumachitika nthawi zonse.
• Kusambitsa ndalama mosasamala: Pankhani yochotsa ndalama mosasamala, wokayikirayo ayenera kuti anali ndi zifukwa zomveka zokayikira kuti chinthucho chinachokera ku mlandu. Sikuti nthawi zonse kusasamala kumabweretsa kuchotsera ndalama mosasamala; payenera kukhala cholakwika chokwanira kapena kusasamala kwakukulu. Pokhapokha ngati wokayikirayo ali ndi mlandu wokwanira chifukwa cholephera kufufuza komwe kunachokera ndi pomwe kuchotsera ndalama mosasamala kungaganiziridwe.
• Kubera ndalama mwachizolowezi: Izi zikukhudza kuyeretsa ndalama mobwerezabwereza komanso mwadala (komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri) malinga ndi njira inayake. Kuyeretsa ndalama mwachizolowezi komanso kupanga mgwirizano waupandu kungayambitse zilango zolemera kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kumangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimakhala ndi chilango cholemera kuposa kuyeretsa ndalama mwangozi.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kutsuka ndalama mosavuta , komwe kungopeza kapena kukhala ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera mwachindunji ku upandu wa munthu mwiniwake ndiko kulangidwa. Popeza kusintha kwa lamuloli, kutsuka ndalama mosavuta ndiko kulangidwanso, bola ngati zinthu zinazake zakwaniritsidwa.

Dziwani izi: Zilango zochotsera ndalama mwadala komanso mwachizolowezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa zochotsera ndalama mosavuta.

Kodi kukayikira za kusamba ndalama kumachitika bwanji?

Kukayikira nthawi zambiri kumachitika pankhani ya malonda okayikitsa monga:

• Ndalama zambiri zopanda chiyambi chomveka bwino.
• Madipoziti osamveka bwino kapena ndalama zomwe zimalowa m'maakaunti angapo.
• Zogula zapamwamba zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ndalama zovomerezeka.
• Malipoti ochokera ku mabungwe azachuma, maloya, akauntanti kapena opereka chithandizo ena omwe akuyenera kupereka malipoti okhudza zochitika zokayikitsa ku Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU).
• Zochitika zomwe zimaonekera chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake enieni, monga mitundu yachilendo kapena chiyambi chosadziwika bwino cha ndalamazo, zomwe ndi zoona komanso zowoneka bwino ndipo zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi akuluakulu azamalamulo.

Malipoti awa amaonedwa ngati achinsinsi, koma angapangitse kuti apolisi, FIOD kapena Public Prosecution Service afufuzenso. Pambuyo pa lipoti lotere, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti apolisi kapena FIOD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso chofufuza za ndalama zonyansa.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani nthawi yomweyo ngati mukukayikira kuti mwachotsa ndalama?

Ngati mukukayikiridwa kuti mwachita zachinyengo, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo mufufuze loya wodziwa bwino za milandu ya zigawenga. Muli ndi ufulu wokhala chete ndipo simuyenera kunena chilichonse kwa apolisi popanda loya wabwino pafupi nanu. Kufunsira maloya a zigawenga pachiyambi ndikofunikira, chifukwa angakulangizeni pa mfundo zanzeru komanso mwayi wa zamalamulo. Dziwani: kungotchula ufulu wanu wokhala chete nthawi zambiri sikokwanira; monga wokayikiridwa, mukuyembekezeka kuchita zambiri, monga kupereka mawu enieni komanso otsimikizika. Loya wabwino akhoza kuwunika fayilo ya mlandu, kupempha umboni ndikukupatsani upangiri wanzeru kuti muwonjezere mwayi wanu wopeza zotsatira zabwino. Upangiri wofunikira ndi uwu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito ufulu wanu kukhala chete ndipo musanene chilichonse popanda kufunsa loya wanu.
• Musanene mawu osamveka bwino kapena osamveka bwino okhudza komwe ndalama kapena katunduyo zinachokera.
• Sonkhanitsani ndi kusunga umboni wochuluka momwe mungathere womwe ungathandizire kufotokoza komveka.
• Dziwani kuti Unduna wa Zachipongwe ungakuyembekezereni kuti mupereke chifukwa chenicheni, chotsimikizika pang'ono osati chodziwikiratu kwambiri akangotsimikizira kuti pali kukayikira koyenera pankhani yokhudza kusamba ndalama.

Upandu wa pa intaneti ndi kuyeretsa ndalama

Masiku ano, upandu wa pa intaneti ndi kusamba ndalama zikugwirizana kwambiri. Tikuwona ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku upandu wa pa intaneti, monga chinyengo cha pa intaneti, phishing kapena hacking, zikutsukidwa kudzera m'njira zovuta za digito. Ndalama zaupandu zomwe zimapezeka kudzera mu upandu wa digito nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa kukhala ndalama za digito monga ma bitcoin, pambuyo pake zimalowa mu chuma chalamulo kudzera m'ma wallet osiyanasiyana a digito ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, oweruza milandu ndi Public Prosecution Service amasamala kwambiri za zochitika zokayikitsa zokhudzana ndi njira zolipirira za digito, makamaka ngati zimachokera ku intaneti yakuda kapena magwero ena osadziwika.

M'milandu ya khothi yokhudza kutsuka ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito ma bitcoin kapena ma cryptocurrencies ena, wokayikiridwa nthawi zambiri amayembekezeredwa kupereka kufotokozera komveka bwino kwa chiyambi cha ndalama za digito izi. Ngati kufotokozera koteroko sikungaperekedwe, chiopsezo chokayikira kutsuka ndalama chimawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, maloya omwe amagwira ntchito yotsuka ndalama sayenera kungodziwa malamulo amilandu, komanso za upandu wa pa intaneti komanso momwe ndalama za digito zimayendera ndikuwunikidwa.

Udindo wa FIOD ndi Tax and Customs Administration pa milandu yokhudza kutsuka ndalama

Bungwe la FIOD (Fiscal Information and Investigation Service) ndi bungwe la Tax and Customs Administration amachita gawo lalikulu polimbana ndi kuyeretsa ndalama ku Netherlands. Iwo ndi akatswiri pakufufuza ndalama ndi katundu wochokera ku umbanda ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi bungwe la Public Prosecution Service. Bungwe la FIOD limachita kafukufuku wozama pa zochitika zachilendo, nthawi zambiri kutengera malipoti ochokera ku mabungwe azachuma kapena mabungwe ena omwe ali pansi pa Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wwft).

Ngati bungwe la FIOD kapena Tax and Customs Administration likukayikira kuti ndalama kapena katundu amachokera ku umbanda, likhoza kulanda katunduyu ndikuyamba kufufuza milandu. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kwa makampani ndi anthu pawokha. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa upangiri wa zamalamulo mwachangu kuchokera kwa loya wodziwa bwino ntchito ngati bungwe la FIOD kapena bungwe la Tax and Customs Administration litafufuza, kuti ufulu wanu utetezedwe bwino ndipo mutha kuyankha mokwanira mafunso okhudza komwe katundu wanu adachokera.

Kuyeretsa ndalama mwadala ndi kuyeretsa ndalama mwachizolowezi: ziyeneretso zalamulo

Malamulo a milandu amasiyanitsa pakati pa kutsuka ndalama mwadala ndi kutsuka ndalama mwachizolowezi. Kutsuka ndalama mwadala kumaphatikizapo kubisa kapena kubisa dala mtundu weniweni, komwe chinthu chinachokera, komwe chili, komwe chinatayidwa kapena kusuntha kwa chinthucho, pamene akudziwa kuti chinthucho chinachokera ku upandu. Izi zimafuna kuti wokayikiridwayo adziwedi za komwe ndalama kapena katunduyo zinachokera.

Kusamba ndalama mwachizolowezi ndi njira yoopsa kwambiri, momwe munthu amachitira mobwerezabwereza kusamba ndalama, ndipo motero njira imeneyi imaonekera. Wopanga malamulo amaona kuti kubisa ndalama kapena katundu mwadongosolo ndi mlandu waukulu, womwe chilango chake chingaperekedwe. Kusamba ndalama mwadala komanso mwachizolowezi ndi milandu yomwe ingayambitse zilango zazitali m'ndende komanso chindapusa chachikulu. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza loya wodziwa bwino ntchito ngati mukukayikiridwa kuti mwachita njira imeneyi yosamba ndalama.

Kupewa kusamba ndalama: kodi mungatani nokha?

Kuletsa kusamba ndalama kumayamba ndi kukhala tcheru ndi zochitika zachilendo. Mabungwe azachuma, maloya, ogulitsa nyumba ndi ena opereka chithandizo ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka mwalamulo kunena zochitika zokayikitsa kapena zachilendo ku Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). Komabe, anthu payekha komanso amalonda angathandizenso kupewa kusamba ndalama mwa kuzindikira ndikupereka malipoti okhudza ndalama zomwe zikukayikitsa.

Kuyang'anira bwino ndi kuwonekera poyera za komwe chuma chinachokera n'kofunika kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mumatha kuwonetsa komwe ndalama kapena katundu wanu anachokera, komanso khalani maso pa zochitika zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ntchito zanu zachizolowezi za bizinesi kapena momwe ndalama zilili. Kupanga mfundo zoyenera kutsatira malamulo, mothandizidwa ndi loya waluso, kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsuka ndalama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatira. Mwanjira imeneyi, simungodziteteza nokha, komanso mumathandizira kuti dongosolo lazachuma likhale lolimba.

Udindo wa mawu ndi umboni pa mlandu wokhudza kutsuka ndalama

Unduna wa Zachipongwe uyenera kupereka mfundo ndi zochitika zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pali kukayikira kwakukulu pa nkhani yokhudza kusamba ndalama. Pokhapokha ngati mukukayikira, mungayembekezere kupereka chiganizo chokhudza chiyambi cha chinthucho mwalamulo. Chiganizochi sichiyenera kukhala chosatsimikizika pasadakhale ndipo chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamlingo winawake; sikokwanira kupempha ufulu wokhala chete.

Ngati simupereka chiganizo kapena kupereka chiganizo chosamveka bwino, woweruza angaganizire izi poyesa umboni. Komabe, kukhala chete si mlandu wolakwa ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati umboni wa mlandu. Kuphatikiza apo, zochita zina, monga kubisa kapena kubisa, ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu chikalata chotsutsa. Pomaliza, chinthucho sichiyenera kuyambira paupandu wonse; ndalama zochepa zopezera ndalama ndi ndalama zaupandu ndizokwanira kuti munthu apezeke ndi mlandu wochotsa ndalama.

Zilango ndi zotsatira zake zomwe zingatheke

Zilango za kutsuka ndalama ndi zazikulu ndipo zimadalira kuopsa ndi mtundu wa cholakwacho:

• Kubera ndalama mwadala: chilango chake ndi chilango chachikulu cha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kundende kapena chindapusa cha gulu lachisanu.
• Wosasamala kutsuka ndalama: chilango chake ndi chilango chachikulu cha zaka ziwiri kundende kapena chindapusa cha gulu lachisanu.
• Kubera ndalama mwachizolowezi: Izi zimabweretsa chilango cha kundende kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena chindapusa cha gulu lachisanu; kuyeretsa ndalama mobwerezabwereza kapena kokonzedwa bwino kumabweretsa chilango chachikulu.
• Kutsuka ngongole mosavuta: chilango chake ndi chilango chachikulu cha kundende cha miyezi itatu kapena chindapusa cha gulu lachinayi.

Zotsatira za mlandu wokhudza kuswa ndalama ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Sikuti mudzakhala ndi mbiri yaupandu yokha, komanso lamulo lolanda katundu lingaperekedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kubweza phindu kapena ndalama zomwe mwapeza. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchotsedwa kwa katundu kungachitike ndipo ndalama, magalimoto, malo ndi katundu wina zitha kulandidwa. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zake pamilandu ndi zachuma ndi zazikulu.

Nchifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kwambiri kupeza loya wodziwa bwino ntchito?

Milandu yokhudza kutsuka ndalama ndi yovuta mwalamulo ndipo imafuna kudziwa malamulo a milandu ndi malamulo azachuma. Pazochitika zotere, ndikofunikira kulankhulana ndi maloya apadera a milandu nthawi yomweyo. Loya wabwino angakupatseni thandizo labwino kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti loya wabwino aunike bwino mlanduwo ndikupereka apilo nthawi yoyenera ngati pakufunika kutero, kuti apereke mwayi wabwino wopeza zotsatira zabwino.

Loya wodziwa bwino ntchito yotsuka ndalama angachite izi:

• Tetezani ufulu wanu panthawi yonse yofufuza milandu.
• Ndikulangizani pakupereka mawu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu wokhala chete.
• Thandizani polemba chiganizo chomveka bwino.
• Kuyang'anira kulumikizana ndi Public Prosecution Service ndi Financial Intelligence Unit.
• Onetsetsani kuti nkhani yanu yasamaliridwa mosamala komanso mosamala kwambiri.

Kutsiliza

Kukayikiridwa kuti wachita zachinyengo kumatanthauza kuti ukuimbidwa mlandu wobisa kapena kubisa komwe ndalama kapena katundu wachokera. Ndi mlandu waukulu womwe uli ndi zilango zoopsa komanso zotsatirapo zake zazikulu. Unduna wa Zachigamulo wa Anthu suyenera kutsimikizira mlandu womwe ulipo, koma uyenera kutsimikizira kukayikira kwakukulu kwakuti wachita zachinyengo.

Ngati mukukayikiridwa kuti mwachita zachinyengo, ndikofunikira kupeza katswiri wa zamalamulo nthawi yomweyo, kulemekeza ufulu wanu wokhala chete komanso osapereka mawu ofulumira. Kufotokozera komveka bwino kungathandize kwambiri, koma kuyenera kukonzedwa mosamala ndi thandizo la zamalamulo.

Kodi mukukayikira kuti mwaphwanya malamulo okhudza kuswa ndalama kapena mwalandira chiitano choti mukayankhidwe ku ofesi ya apolisi? Kenako funsani maloya a milandu ku Law & More mwamsanga momwe zingathere. Tidzakuthandizani ndi ukatswiri, kudzipereka komanso chisamaliro chanu pa ntchito yonseyi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kutsuka ndalama

Kodi kukayikira kuti munthu wachita zinthu zonyansa pa ndalama kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kukayikiridwa kuti mwachita zachinyengo kumatanthauza kuti mukuimbidwa mlandu wobisa, kubisa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe mumadziwa kapena muyenera kukayikitsa kuti chinachokera ku mlandu. Mlandu weniweni sikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mwachindunji.

Kodi ndiyenera kupereka chiganizo?

Simukukakamizidwa kunena chilichonse. Muli ndi ufulu wokhala chete. Komabe, mungayembekezere kupereka chifukwa chomveka bwino ngati Public Prosecution Service yatsimikizira kuti pali kukayikira koyenera pankhani yokhudza kusamba ndalama.

Kodi zilango zomwe zingatheke ndi ziti?

Kuchotsa ndalama mwachinyengo kungachititse kuti munthu alandire chilango cha kundende kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, chindapusa ndi zigamulo zolanda katundu. Kuopsa kwa chilangocho kumadalira mtundu wa kuchotsa ndalama mwachinyengo komanso momwe mlanduwo ulili.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndaitanidwa ku kuyankhulana ndi apolisi?

Lumikizanani ndi loya waluso nthawi yomweyo. Musanene chilichonse popanda upangiri wa zamalamulo ndipo gwiritsani ntchito ufulu wanu kukhala chete.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kukayikiridwa kuti ndi wochotsa ndalama