Kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi ya nyumba zogona: kodi izi zimaloledwa liti?

Introduction

Pangano la lendi la malo okhala lingathetsedwe ndi khoti lachigawo, komanso pokhapokha ngati wobwereka waswa pangano kapena pazifukwa zina zalamulo. Kuthetsa pangano la lendi ndi kovuta mwalamulo ndipo kungayambitse mikangano. Mwininyumba sangathetse pangano la lendi popanda kugamula - chilamulo imapatsa obwereka chitetezo champhamvu. Pakatha mgwirizano wa lendi, obwereka ali ndi ufulu wolandira chikalata chomaliza cha ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kubwezeredwa ndalama zomwe adayika.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kuthetsa mapangano a lendi ndi eni nyumba ndi obwereka, zifukwa zalamulo zoletsera lendi, ndi njira zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Cholinga chachikulu ndi malo okhala nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo nyumba za anthu ndi malo ogona a anthu achinsinsi. Nkhani monga kuthetsa malo amalonda kapena malo ogona odziyimira pawokha sizikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Chidziwitsochi chapangidwira eni nyumba omwe akuganiza zothetsa mgwirizano wa lendi, obwereka omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa ufulu wawo, ndi oyang'anira malo omwe akukumana ndi mavuto othetsa nyumba. Wobwereka ali ndi ufulu woyankha kalata yothetsa nyumba kuchokera kwa mwini nyumba mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.

Yankho lofunika: Mwininyumba akhoza kuthetsa pangano la lendi yokhalamo pokhapokha ngati khoti likufuna chigamulo, ndipo pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zomveka zalamulo, monga kuswa pangano lalikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito munthu mwachangu, kapena zifukwa zina zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi lamulo. Lamulo limapatsa khoti mphamvu yowunikira ngati kuthetsa kapena kuletsa pangano la lendi kuli koyenera.

Mfundo zazikulu zophunzirira:

• Kuthetsa nyumba kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kuletsa nyumba ndipo nthawi zonse kumafuna kulowererapo kwa woweruza milandu; ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi mwa kuletsa nyumba ndi kuthetsa nyumba.
• Malipiro a lendi, mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha wobwereka nyumba, ndi kubwereketsa nyumba mosaloledwa ndi zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amalephera kulipira.
• Wobwereka nyumba amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha lendi, makamaka pansi pa lendi yokhazikika kwa nthawi yosatha.
• Khoti nthawi zonse limafufuza zomwe zikukhudzidwa lisanalole kuti chigamulocho chithetsedwe.
• Kuthetsa nyumba popanda chifukwa chenicheni sikungatheke ngati pali malo okhala

Mitundu ya mapangano a lendi

Mukalowa mu mgwirizano wa lendi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mtundu wa lendi yomwe mukulowa, chifukwa izi zimakhudza mwachindunji ufulu ndi maudindo a wobwereka komanso mwini nyumba. Ku Netherlands, timasiyanitsa mitundu itatu yayikulu: mgwirizano wa lendi wosatha, mgwirizano wa lendi wakanthawi, ndi mgwirizano wa lendi wa malo okhala osakhazikika.

Pangano la lendi kwa nthawi yosatha - lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pangano la lendi la nthawi yokhazikika - limapatsa wobwereka chitetezo chachikulu cha lendi. Pazochitika zotere, mwini nyumba akhoza kuthetsa lendi kapena kuthetsa pangano la lendi pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zalamulo, monga kuphwanya pangano lalikulu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu. Kuthetsa pangano kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yodziwitsidwa ndi lamulo. Ngati wobwereka sakugwirizana, khoti lokha ndi lomwe lingathetse pangano la lendi.

Mu mgwirizano wa lendi wakanthawi, nthawi yobwereka imavomerezedwa. Pamapeto pa nthawiyi, lendi imatha yokha, bola ngati mwininyumba wapereka chidziwitso cholembedwa panthawi yake. Komabe, malamulo okhwima alamulo amagwiranso ntchito pano: mwininyumba sangangothetsa lendi msanga, ndipo ngati pakhala mkangano, khothi lingapemphedwe kuti lipereke chigamulo pa kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi. Kuyambira pomwe lamulo la Fixed-Term Tenancy Act linayambitsidwa, mwayi wokhala ndi mapangano akanthawi wakhala wochepa kwambiri.

Malamulo osiyana pang'ono amagwira ntchito pa malo ogona omwe si odziyimira pawokha, monga zipinda m'nyumba ya ophunzira. Pazochitika zotere, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuthetsa pangano la lendi, makamaka ngati wobwerekayo akuchita zinthu ngati wobwereka wabwino. Ngakhale pakakhala vuto chifukwa cha wobwereka kapena kubwereka nyumba kosaloledwa, mwini nyumba ayenera kutsatira njira zalamulo ndipo kuthetsa nyumbayo kunja kwa khoti sikungatheke kawirikawiri popanda khoti kulowererapo.

Mulimonsemo, kuthetsa kapena kuthetsa pangano la lendi kumafuna chisamaliro. Kaya likukhudza pangano la lendi la nthawi yokhazikika, pangano la lendi kwakanthawi kapena pangano la malo ogona osakhazikika, mwini nyumba ayenera kutsatira malamulo ndi nthawi zodziwitsa. Pazochitika zovuta, monga kusokoneza kapena kubwereketsa nyumba mosaloledwa, njira zomaliza zingakhale zofunikira kuti nyumbayo ichotsedwe mwachangu.

Ngati simungathe kugwirizana, kapena ngati simukudziwa bwino za ufulu wanu ndi maudindo anu, ndi bwino kufunsa uphungu wa zamalamulo nthawi yoyenera kuchokera ku malo operekera uphungu wa zamalamulo kapena loya wodziwa bwino za malamulo obwereka nyumba. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa zoopsa zosafunikira ndikuonetsetsa kuti kuthetsedwa kwa mgwirizano wobwereka nyumba kukuchitika motsatira malamulo.

Kodi kuthetsa pangano la lendi ndi chiyani?

Kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi ndi njira yovomerezeka ndi khoti pomwe chigamulo cha khoti chimathetsa mgwirizano wa lendi. Kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi ('kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi') n'kosiyana ndi kupereka chidziwitso chosiya: popereka chidziwitso chosiya mgwirizano, mgwirizano umathetsedwa motsatira nthawi ndi zikhalidwe zalamulo, pomwe pankhani yothetsa mgwirizano, khoti liyenera kulowererapo chifukwa cha kuswa kwa mbali imodzi. Mosiyana ndi kuthetsa mgwirizano mwa mgwirizano, kuthetsa mgwirizano mokakamiza kumaphatikizapo mkangano womwe woweruza milandu ayenera kuweruza.

Kuthetsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi kuletsa ntchito

Kusiyana kwalamulo pakati pa kuthetsa ndi kuletsa ndikofunikira. Pankhani yothetsa lendi, mwini nyumba amathetsa lendi ndi kalata yolembetsedwa, potsatira nthawi ya chidziwitso chalamulo () - osachepera miyezi itatu, ndikuwonjezeka mogwirizana ndi kutalika kwa lendi. Wobwereka ayenera kuvomereza izi, apo ayi milandu idzatsatira.

Kuthetsa mgwirizano ndi kosiyana: kumafuna kuphwanya pangano ndi kulowererapo mwachindunji kwa khoti. Kulephera kutsatira pangano la lendi kungakhale chifukwa chothetsera, pokhapokha ngati kulephera kuli kochepa. Kuthetsa mgwirizano ndi kwachangu kuposa kuletsa pamene pali kuphwanya pangano kotsimikizika, koma kumafuna umboni.

Malamulo osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito pa mgwirizano wa lendi wakanthawi kapena wobwereka: mgwirizanowu umatha ndi lamulo kumapeto kwa nthawi yobwereka yomwe yavomerezedwa, bola ngati chidziwitso chaperekedwa molondola. Komabe, kuyambira pomwe lamulo la Fixed Tenancy Agreements Act linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Julayi 2024, mwayi wokhala ndi mapangano atsopano akanthawi wakhala wochepa kwambiri.

Chitetezo cha lendi pa nyumba zogona

Obwereka nyumba ali ndi udindo waukulu pa nkhani ya malo okhala, makamaka pansi pa mapangano otseguka. Lamulo sililola eni nyumba kudziwa nthawi yomwe mgwirizano wa lendi udzatha paokha. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa nyumba za anthu wamba komanso nyumba za anthu wamba.

Mu 2018, Khoti Lalikulu linatsimikiza kuti palibe malamulo apadera okhudza nyumba zosamalira anthu; malamulo omwe alipo kale amapereka mwayi wokwanira woganizira zinthu zonse, kuphatikizapo chiopsezo cha kusowa pokhala kwa wobwereka. Komabe, malire ochotsera nyumba akadali okwera.

Popeza lamulo la Fixed-Term Tenancy Act linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa eni nyumba kupereka mapangano a nthawi yochepa a lendi. Izi zimalimbitsa udindo wa obwereka ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kudziwa malamulo othetsa nyumba kukhale kofunika kwambiri kwa eni nyumba.

Zifukwa zalamulo zochotsera mwini nyumbayo

Mwininyumba angapemphe khoti kuti lithetse lendi pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zovomerezeka mwalamulo. Nkhani 7:231 ya Dutch Civil Code imati kuthetsa lendi yogona kungachitike kudzera m'makhoti okha. Kuthetsa lendi yogona popanda kuweruzidwa mwalamulo sikuloledwa m'ma lendi ogona.

Wobwereka waswa pangano

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chothetsera ntchito ndi kuswa pangano: wobwereka sakwaniritsa zomwe akufuna. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

Kubweza ngongole – Ngati wobwereka nthawi zonse akulephera kulipira lendi, mwini nyumbayo akhoza kuthetsa lendiyo. Kawirikawiri, makhothi nthawi zambiri amavomereza kubweza ngongole kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu ngati zifukwa zokwanira, ngakhale nthawi zina amapereka nthawi yokwanira ya mwezi umodzi kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.

Zosokoneza – Ngati wobwereka sakuchita zinthu bwino ngati wobwereka ndipo amayambitsa mavuto monga phokoso kapena ziwopsezo, kuchotsedwa kwa nyumba kungakhale koyenera. Komabe, vutolo liyenera kukhala lalikulu komanso loonekera bwino. Mavuto aakulu komanso oonekera bwino kwa anansi angayambitsenso kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mosemphana ndi cholinga chomwe mwagwirizana – Ngati wobwereka nyumbayo akugwiritsa ntchito malowo pazinthu zina osati zokhalamo, mwachitsanzo ngati malo ogulitsira kapena zinthu zosaloledwa, izi zikutanthauza kuswa pangano.

Kulowetsa kosaloledwa – Ngati wobwereka nyumbayo abwerekanso popanda chilolezo, izi zikutanthauza kuswa pangano lomwe limalola kuthetsa mgwirizano.

Mwininyumba asanayambe kukakamizidwa kuthetsa ukwati, nthawi zambiri ayenera kutumiza chidziwitso chokhudza kusakhulupirika kwa mwininyumba kuti apatse wobwereka nthawi yokwanira yokonza kuphwanya malamulo. Wobwereka ayenera kupatsidwa mwayi wokonza kuphwanya malamulo. Ngati pali kuphwanya malamulo kwakukulu, khothi lingasankhe zosiyana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mwini nyumbayo

Mwininyumba angafune kuletsa kapena kuletsa nyumbayo ngati akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo mwachangu. Izi zikugwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ngati mwininyumba akufuna kusamukira yekha m'nyumbayo, kapena ngati wachibale wake wapafupi monga mwana kapena mnzanu wolembetsedwa akufuna kusamukiramo.

Khoti nthawi zonse lidzayang'ana zofuna zomwe zikukhudzidwa: kodi zofuna za mwini nyumba zimaposa za wobwereka? Zinthu zikuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa malo oyenera okhala ndi mwini nyumba komanso kufunika kwa zosowa za mwini nyumba mwachangu.

Zifukwa zina zalamulo

Kuwonjezera pa kuswa pangano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mwachangu, lamuloli limatchulanso zifukwa zina:

• Kukana kupereka koyenera - Wobwereka nyumba akukana kupereka chilolezo choyenera cha mgwirizano watsopano wa lendi wokhala ndi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zosinthidwa
• Ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito malo - Nyumbayo iyenera kugwetsedwa kapena kukonzedwanso motsatira dongosolo la zoning
• Nyumba yobwereka yachikhalire - Pankhani ya lendi yakanthawi yokhala ndi ufulu wobwezera kwa wokhalamo woyamba, amene akufunanso nyumbayo
• Mtundu wapadera wa lendi - Zochitika zinazake zomwe mgwirizano wa lendi unali wapadera zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchotsedwa ntchito. Chitsanzo cha izi chingakhale kubwereka kwa wophunzira nthawi yonse ya maphunziro ake, pomwe ndi zomveka kuti mgwirizano wa lendi utha maphunziro akatha.

Khothi lidzawonanso ngati kuthetsa ukwati kuli koyenera pazifukwa izi komanso ngati zofuna za wobwereka zaganiziridwa mokwanira.

Ndondomeko yothetsa mgwirizano wa lendi

Khoti lachigawo lokha ndi lomwe lingathetse mgwirizano wa lendi wa malo okhala. Mwininyumba sangasankhe payekha kuti mgwirizano wa lendi uthe; ngati wobwereka sakuvomereza kuthetsa mgwirizano, mwininyumba ayenera kupempha khoti kuti lithetse mgwirizano wa lendi. Pankhani ya lendi yogwirizana, mwininyumbayo ayeneranso kutumiza chikumbutso cha tsiku lotha kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano kwa obwereka onse. Pansipa pali chidule cha njira ndi zosankha.

Masitepe mu ndondomeko yothetsa ukwati

Njira yothetsera mgwirizano wa lendi ndi iyi:

1. Tumizani chidziwitso cha kusakhazikika – Tumizani kalata yolembetsedwa yofotokoza vutolo ndikukhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yokonza. Sungani umboni wa kutumiza.
2. Konzani chikalata choitanira anthu ku msonkhano – Ngati wobwereka sakuyankha kapena kukonza cholakwikacho, pemphani woyang'anira nyumba kuti apereke chikalata choitanira nyumba. Mu chikalatachi, mukufuna kuti pangano la lendi lithe ndipo muchotsedwe m'nyumba.
3. Kumva mlandu pamaso pa woweruza milandu – Woweruza mlanduwo adzamvera mlanduwo ndikumva mbali zonse ziwiri. Mwininyumba ayenera kutsimikizira kuti waswa pangano; wobwereka nyumbayo angagwiritse ntchito zifukwa zochepetsera mlanduwo.
4. Chiweruzo – Khothi livomereza kapena kukana kuthetsedwa kwa nyumbayo. Ngati lavomerezedwa, khothi limakhazikitsa tsiku lomwe wobwereka ayenera kuchoka pamalowo. Nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa kuti malo obwereka ayenera kuchotsedwa mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi.
5. Kuthamangitsidwa komwe kungatheke – Ngati wobwereka nyumbayo sachoka m’nyumbayo mwaufulu, woyang’anira nyumbayo akhoza kumuchotsa m’nyumbayo ndi thandizo la apolisi.

Nthawi yapakati ya milandu yokhazikika ndi miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi itatu. Ndalama nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa €500 ndi €2,000, kutengera ndi zovuta za mlanduwo.

Chidule cha ndondomeko ya milandu yofulumira

Pakachitika zinthu zadzidzidzi, njira yochotsera anthu m'nyumba ingathandize mwachangu. Pansipa pali kuyerekezera:

Mpumulo wa kanthawi kochepa ndi wofunikira pa milandu yovuta kwambiri, yoopsa kapena yogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunyumba. Khothi liyenera kutsimikiza kuti mlanduwu ndi wofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo pa mpumulo wa kanthawi kochepa, milandu yonse ikhoza kupitilira mpaka kuthetsedwa komaliza.

Kwa eni nyumba, zotsatirazi zimagwira ntchito: sankhani mwachidule pokhapokha ngati pali zolakwika zomveka bwino, zazikulu komanso zolembedwa. Ngati mukukayikira, zochitika zanthawi zonse zimapereka chitsimikizo chowonjezereka.

Mavuto odziwika ndi mayankho

Mwachidule, eni nyumba nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zopinga akathetsa mgwirizano wa lendi. Pansipa pali mavuto omwe amafala kwambiri ndi mayankho enieni.

Wobwereka sayankha chidziwitso cha kusakhazikika

Ngati wobwereka sakuyankha kalata yanu yolembetsedwa, sizikutanthauza kuti njirayi yatha. Mutha kungopita kukhoti laling'ono.

yankho; Sungani umboni wonse wa utumiki, kuphatikizapo kutsatira ndi kutsatira kalata yolembetsedwa. Chigamulo chosavomerezeka (ngati wobwereka sakuwonekera) nthawi zambiri chimabweretsa chigamulo, bola ngati umboni wanu uli woyenera. Woweruzayo ali ndi ufulu wokana pempholi ngati kuthetsa ntchito sikungakhale koyenera.

Umboni wosakwanira wotsimikizira zifukwa zochotsera munthu

Udindo wopereka umboni uli m'manja mwa mwini nyumba. Ngati palibe umboni wokwanira, woweruzayo adzakana mlanduwo.

yankho; Sonkhanitsani zikalata musanayambe ntchito:

• Pankhani ya ngongole za lendi: malipoti a banki, zikumbutso za malipiro, chidule cha miyezi yomwe ngongole za lendi zatha
• Pankhani ya vuto: malipoti a apolisi, madandaulo ochokera kwa anansi, makalata ndi wobwereka
• Pankhani ya kubwereketsa zinthu zosaloledwa: zithunzi, mawu, zotsatsa kuchokera ku kalata yocheperako

Pezani loya wodziwa bwino za malamulo a lendi kuti akuthandizeni pa milandu yovuta.

Nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito

Ndondomeko ya miyezi isanu ndi itatu imakhala yovuta ngati zinthu zili zovuta kapena ngati ndalama zolipirira lendi zikukwera.

yankho; Choyamba, ganizirani za mgwirizano wabwino. Kukambirana mwaufulu kuchoka - mwina ndi ndalama zothandizira - kumapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama. Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti kuyimira pakati kumachepetsa mwayi woti milandu ichitike ndi 30%.

Ngati mgwirizano si njira yothetsera vutoli ndipo pali kufunika kwachangu, njira yofulumira yochotsera anthu m'nyumba imapereka njira ina yofulumira. Dziwani: izi zimafuna umboni wotsimikizika wachangu.

Pomaliza ndi masitepe otsatirawa

Kuthetsa mgwirizano wa lendi yogona kumatheka kokha kudzera m'khoti lachigawo komanso pazifukwa zomveka bwino. Kuthetsa lendi kunja kwa khoti n'kosatheka pankhani ya lendi yogona. Obwereka amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha lendi, ndipo khoti nthawi zonse limaganizira zofuna za onse awiri.

Njira zofulumira zochitira zinthu kwa eni nyumba:

1. Lembani zolakwika mosamala ndi umboni
2. Tumizani chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha kusachita bwino ntchito kudzera mu kalata yolembetsedwa yokhala ndi nthawi yomaliza yoyenera
3. Funsani katswiri wa zamalamulo kuti akupatseni upangiri pa vuto lanu
4. Ganizirani njira zothetsera mavuto mwamtendere musanapite kukhoti
5. Yambani milandu ngati wobwereka sakuyankha kapena kukonza vutolo

Mitu yofananira Mungafune kufufuza kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa lendi ngati malipiro achedwa, kuthetsedwa kwa mgwirizano wa lendi ngati palibe kuphwanya pangano, ndi ufulu wa mwini nyumba watsopano pogulitsa nyumba yobwereka.

Zoonjezera zothandizira

Malamulo oyenera:

• Gawo 6:265 la Civil Code - Malamulo onse okhudza kuthetsa ntchito
• Nkhani 7:231 ya Dutch Civil Code - Kuthetsa mapangano a lendi yogona
• Nkhani 7:274 BW – Zifukwa zothetsera lendi yogona

Milandu:

• Khoti Lalikulu 28 Seputembala 2018 (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1810) – Chigamulo chokhazikika pa kuthetsa nyumba za anthu