Kalata yoletsa ndi kusiya ku Netherlands: kukakamiza ufulu wa IP

Kalata yoletsa ndi kuletsa (sommatie) ndi pempho lolembedwa kuti wophwanya malamulo asiye kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chanu chanzeru, atsimikizire izi polemba ndikuthetsa zotsatira zake. Si lamulo la khothi, koma limadziwitsa wophwanya malamulo, limatha kuletsa ndipo, ndi mawu oyenera, limasokoneza nthawi yochepetsera; m'zochitika, milandu yambiri yophwanya malamulo imatha pagawoli.

Kalatayo imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ufulu wofunikira uli wolondola. Chenjezo lochokera ku ufulu womwe suli wolondola lingakhale losaloledwa, kotero kukonzekera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kulemba.

Kodi kalata yoletsa ndi kuletsa imagwira ntchito bwanji motsatira malamulo aku Dutch?

Kalatayo ili ndi ntchito zitatu zalamulo. Ndi chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino (ingebrekestelling) motsatira Nkhani 6:82 ya Dutch Civil Code (BW) pamene ikufunika. Ikhoza kusokoneza nthawi yochepetsera malinga ndi Nkhani 3:317 BW; pa pempho la ndalama, kalatayo iyenera kutsatiridwa mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi sitepe ina, monga kulemba chikalata choitanira (Nkhani 3:317(2) BW). Ndipo imatsimikizira kuti wophwanya lamuloyo ankadziwa, zomwe zimaganizira za chigamulo cha khoti, chilango ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunika.

Kalatayo sipereka ufulu. Ngati chizindikiro cha malonda sichinalembedwepo pa katunduyo, kapena ntchitoyo si yoyambirira, kalatayo siili ndi phindu. Yang'anani kaye ufulu wanu; kalozera wathu wa malamulo okhudza katundu wanzeru ku Netherlands umapereka chithunzithunzi cha ufuluwo.

Ndi ufulu uti womwe ukuphwanyidwa?

Ufulu uliwonse uli ndi maziko ake ndi umboni wake. Ufulu waumwini umabwera wokha motsatira lamulo la Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) pamene ntchito yokhala ndi zilembo zake zoyambirira yapangidwa; palibe kaundula, kotero umwini umatsimikiziridwa ndi mafayilo ndi mapangano amasiku. Zizindikiro zamalonda ndi mapangidwe amalembetsedwa ku Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP) ku The Hague kapena ku EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO); popanda kulembetsa palibe ufulu wamalonda.

Ma Patent amatsatira Dutch Patents Act 1995 (Rijksoctrooiwet 1995) kapena njira ya ku Europe, ndipo zomwe akunenazo zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chitetezo. Zinsinsi zamalonda zimatetezedwa motsatira Trade Secrets Protection Act (Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen) pokhapokha ngati mwatenga njira zoyenera kuti chidziwitsocho chisungidwe. Ngati palibe ufulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito, kukopera chinthucho kumaloledwa, pokhapokha ngati kungayambitse chisokonezo chosayenera chokhudza komwe chinachokera, chomwe sichiloledwa motsatira Article 6:162 BW (slaafse nabootsing).

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji kuphwanya malamulo?

Kuphwanya malamulo a ufulu wa olemba ndi kubwereza kapena kufalitsa kwa anthu ntchito yotetezedwa, kapena gawo lake loyambirira, popanda chilolezo; chithunzi chojambulidwanso chingaphwanyebe. Kuphwanya malamulo a malonda kumaphatikizapo chizindikiro chofanana cha katundu wofanana, chizindikiro chofanana cha katundu wofanana chomwe chingayambitse chisokonezo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika chizindikiro chomwe chili ndi mbiri yabwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito ngati dzina la kampani, dzina la domain kapena mawu osakira onse akhoza kuyenerera.

Kuphwanya malamulo a patent kumayesedwa malinga ndi zomwe munthu waluso amawerenga, nthawi zambiri ndi lingaliro lolembedwa laukadaulo kalata iliyonse isanatumizidwe; kufunsira patent ku Netherlands kumafotokoza zomwe thandizoli limachita komanso zomwe silimakhazikitsa. Mu milandu yachinsinsi yamalonda, kalatayo nthawi zambiri imapita kwa olemba ntchito atsopano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe amadziwa kapena ayenera kudziwa kuti chinapezeka mosaloledwa.

Kodi kalatayo iyenera kukhala ndi chiyani?

Kalata yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhoti imasonyeza omwe ali ndi mayina athunthu ovomerezeka ndi Khoti la Zamalonda (KVK) manambala, ufulu wodalira (ndi nambala yolembetsa ndi makalasi kapena zonena), kuphwanya malamulo ndi masiku, ndi umboni ngati zomangira. Sungani umboniwo musanatumize: zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi tsiku, zogula zoyesedwa ndi ma invoice, ndipo, ngati ndalamazo zikutsimikizira, mbiri ya bailiff.

Zofunikira zachizolowezi ndi kusiya nthawi yomweyo, kupereka zambiri zokhudza kuchuluka kwa katundu, ogulitsa ndi makasitomala amalonda, kuwononga kapena kupereka katundu, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kwa ogula amalonda, ndi kulipira ndalama zowonongeka ndi ndalama zamilandu. Palibe nthawi yomaliza yovomerezeka ndi lamulo; masiku ochepa oima ndi nthawi yayitali kuti mudziwe zambiri ndizofala. Sungani mawuwo kukhala oona, chifukwa woweruza wa ku Netherlands adzawerenga kalatayo.

Bwanji kupempha ntchito yoletsa?

Wolandirayo akupemphedwa kuti asayine chikalata choletsa (onthoudingsverklaring) chokhala ndi chilango cha pangano pa kuswa kulikonse. Kuswa pambuyo pake ndiye kuti ndi pempho losavuta la pangano. Fotokozani machitidwe oletsedwa mokwanira kuti aphimbe kusiyana koonekeratu, ndikukhazikitsa chilango chenicheni, chifukwa khothi likhoza kuchepetsa chilango ngati chilungamo chikufuna (Nkhani 6:94 BW).

Kodi zoopsa zotumizira kalata ndi ziti?

Munthu amene ali ndi ufulu wopereka machenjezo kwa munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ndi wophwanya malamulo, makamaka makasitomala ake, ngakhale akudziwa kapena akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ufuluwo sunapitirire, ndiye amene ali ndi mlandu pa kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike motsatira Article 6:162 BW. Mu ntchito ya patent izi zimatchedwa wapperen, ndipo lamulo loletsa machenjezo ena ndi lofala kwambiri.

Wolandirayo angachitenso kanthu ndi pempho loti alengeze kuti sanalakwire, kapena popempha kuti chizindikiro cha malonda chichotsedwe chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuletsa patent. Ndipo kuchedwa kumapweteka: mwini chizindikiro cha malonda amene mwadala amalolera kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cholembetsedwa pambuyo pake kwa nthawi yayitali akhoza kutaya ufulu wochitapo kanthu, ndipo kuchedwa kosafotokozedwa kumawononga kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Kodi muyenera kuwerenga bwanji yankho?

Kutsatira malamulo onse kuyenera kulembedwa mu bizinesi yosainidwa, ndipo chidziwitsocho ndi kubweza kwa zinthuzo zaperekedwadi. Kuvomereza pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mgwirizano wa layisensi kapena mgwirizano wokhala ndi anthu awiri. Kukana chifukwa, mwachitsanzo kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera, kutopa mu EU, kapena kusowa kwa chiyambi, kumafunika kuunikanso kwenikweni. Chete chimatanthauza kuti gawo lotsatira liyenera kukhala lochitika mwadongosolo, komanso mwachangu.

Ndi njira ziti zokakamiza zomwe zilipo ngati kalatayo inyalanyazidwa?

Mwachidule, milandu (kort geding) woweruza milandu woyambirira (voorzieningenrechter) akhoza kupereka chilango cholipira chilango mkati mwa milungu ingapo, kapena masiku angapo pamilandu yofulumira. Malinga ndi Nkhani 1019e ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv), chilangocho chingaperekedwe popanda kumva mbali ina pomwe kuchedwa kungayambitse mavuto osatha.

Umboni ukhoza kupezedwa pasadakhale mwa kutenga umboni (bewijsbeslag) ndi chilolezo cha woweruza milandu yoyambirira (Nkhani 1019b mpaka 1019d Rv). Woweruza amaika nthawi yoyambira milanduyo; ngati siyamba munthawi yake, muyeso wokhazikika ungataye mphamvu zake ngati wotsutsidwayo apempha (Nkhani 1019i Rv).

Khothi Lalikulu la The Hague lili ndi ulamuliro woyamba wokha wokhudza kuvomerezeka kwa patent ndi madandaulo ofanana a patent (Nkhani 80 Rijksoctrooiwet 1995). Kuyambira mu 2023 Khothi Logwirizana la Patent, lomwe lili ndi gawo lakumaloko ku The Hague, limamvanso mikangano yokhudza ma patent aku Europe. Pazinthu zabodza zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, eni ufulu amatha kulembetsa fomu yopempha mlandu ku Dutch Customs (Douane). Mndandanda wa pa intaneti nthawi zambiri ukhoza kuchotsedwa mwachangu kudzera mu chidziwitso motsatira EU Digital Services Act. Chidule chathu cha kutsata malamulo okhudza chuma chanzeru ku Netherlands chikuyerekeza njira izi.

Kodi mungabwezeretse chiyani?

Pa milandu ya chuma cha nzeru, munthu wotayika amalipira ndalama zoyenera komanso zoyenerera zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, pokhapokha ngati chilungamo chikufuna zina (Article 1019h Rv). Khothi limagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yosonyeza mtundu uliwonse wa mlandu.

Kupatula lamulo loletsa, mutha kupempha kuti muwononge ndalama, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati phindu lotayika kapena ndalama zolipirira laisensi yoyenera, kapena kupereka phindu la wophwanya malamulo; ziwirizi sizingowonjezedwa pamodzi. Lamulo la ku Dutch lilibe ndalama zolipirira malamulo kapena chilango. Kupempha kuti muwononge ndalama kumakhala koletsedwa patatha zaka zisanu mutadziwa za kuwonongeka ndi wophwanya malamulo, komanso patatha zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene chochitikacho chachitika (Nkhani 3:310 BW).

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati muli ndi ufulu?

• Kaya ufulu wanu walembetsedwa pa katundu ndi madera oyenera, kapena watsimikiziridwa ndi mafayilo okhala ndi masiku.
• Kaya umboni wophwanya malamulowo watsimikizika kalatayo isanatumizidwe.
• Kaya ufulu uli ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupirira kuchotsedwa kapena kuukiridwa chifukwa cha kulephera.
• Kaya mwachitapo kanthu popanda kuchedwa kosadziwika.
• Kaya chidziwitso cha pulatifomu kapena pulogalamu ya kasitomu ndi chachangu kuposa kalata.

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati wolandira?

• Kaya wotumizayo ali ndi ufulu wotani wopemphedwa, wa katunduyu ndi dera lino.
• Kaya pali njira yodzitetezera, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera, kutopa kapena kusowa kwa chiyambi.
• Kaya ntchito yomwe ikufunikayo imangokhala pa zomwe zikufunika ndipo chilango chake chikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna.
• Kaya machenjezo otumizidwa kwa makasitomala anu angakhale osaloledwa kapena ayi.
• Kaya simuyenera kusaina chilichonse musanayang'ane ufulu.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi kalata yoletsa ndi kuletsa?

Timathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi ufulu ndi olandira; onaninso tsamba lathu la loya wamakampani :

• Timayesa mphamvu ndi kukula kwa ufulu wanu musanatumize kalata iliyonse.
• Timalemba kalata yoletsa ndi kuletsa komanso yoletsa.
• Timawerenganso kalata yomwe mwalandira ndikulemba yankho.
• Timapempha kuti umboni utengedwe kapena kuti tipewe mlandu wina.
• Timachita zochitika mwachidule komanso zochitika pamlingo woyenera.

Chidule

• Kalata yoletsa ndi kuletsa imadziwitsa wophwanya malamulo ndipo imatha kusokoneza nthawi yoletsa, ngati itsatiridwa munthawi yake.
• Yang'anani umboni woyenera komanso wotetezeka musanatumize.
• Kusiya kuchita zinthu zomwe zili ndi chilango choyenera kumapangitsa kuti kukakamiza pambuyo pake kukhale kosavuta.
• Machenjezo osayenerera, makamaka kwa makasitomala, okhawo akhoza kukhala osaloledwa.
• Mu milandu ya IP, wotayika amalipira ndalama zoyenera malinga ndi Article 1019h Rv.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI