Pa 11 Januwale 2024, EU Data Act - Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 - idayamba kugwira ntchito, patatha masiku makumi awiri kuchokera pamene idasindikizidwa mu Official Journal of the European Union. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025. Lamuloli limapereka maudindo atsopano kwa opanga zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi opereka mautumiki ena ofanana, zomwe zimakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana: kuyambira kupanga ndi mphamvu mpaka chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi makampani opanga magalimoto. Aliyense amene amapanga, kukonza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito deta mu bizinesi ayenera kulangizidwa kuti ayang'ane kukula kwa lamuloli nthawi yake.
Kodi Data Act imalamulira chiyani?
Lamulo la Deta ndi gawo la njira ya deta ya ku Ulaya, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbitsa mpikisano wa ku Ulaya pa chuma cha deta. Lamuloli limapereka malamulo okhudza omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza deta yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu kapena ntchito, komanso momwe detayo iyenera kugawidwira. Izi sizikukhudza ufulu wonse wopeza deta yonse, koma dongosolo la magulu asanu ndi limodzi enieni: mwayi wopeza deta ya malonda ndi ntchito, kugawana B2B mwachilungamo, mwayi wopeza anthu onse ngati pakufunika thandizo lapadera, kusinthana pakati pa ntchito zokonza deta, chitetezo ku mwayi wopeza deta yosakhala yaumwini ndi boma lapadziko lonse, komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi.
Maudindo a mabizinesi: kapangidwe ka zinthu
Zinthu zolumikizidwa ziyenera kupangidwa m'njira yoti deta yopangidwayo, mwachisawawa, ikhale yosavuta, yotetezeka, yaulere komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina. Ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolumikizidwa - ganizirani zida zanzeru zakunyumba, makina amafakitale kapena magalimoto - motero amapeza ufulu wopeza deta yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinthucho. Opanga ndi opereka chithandizo sangasungenso deta imeneyo yokha.
Chofunika kwambiri, udindowu ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale kuti Data Act yonse ikugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025, udindo wopanga ndi kupanga zinthu zolumikizidwa umagwira ntchito kokha pazinthu zomwe zayikidwa pamsika pambuyo pa 12 Seputembala 2026. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zomwe zilipo sizikuphimbidwabe.
Malamulo oyenera pakugawana deta ya B2B
Lamuloli lili ndi malamulo enieni okhudza mgwirizano mu mapangano a data a B2B . Mawu operekedwa ndi munthu mmodzi pa wina samanga winayo ngati sichilungamo. Mawuwo amaonedwa kuti aperekedwa ndi munthu mmodzi pomwe, ngakhale kuti anthu ena anayesa kukambirana, chipani chinacho sichinathe kusintha zomwe zili mkati mwake. Udindo wotsimikizira izi uli pa chipani chomwe chinaphatikizapo mawuwo.
Mawu oti "liwu" ndi losalungama ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kukusiyana kwambiri ndi machitidwe abwino amalonda ndipo ndikosemphana ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino komanso kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo. Lamuloli limapereka zitsanzo za mawu omwe amachotsa udindo pa cholinga kapena kusasamala kwakukulu, kuletsa mbali ina kugwiritsa ntchito deta yake, kulola kuthetsedwa kwa mbali imodzi popanda chidziwitso chokwanira, kapena kulola mtengo wofunikira kapena kusintha kwina kwakukulu kuti kuchitike mbali imodzi. Zotsatira zake mwalamulo ndi zakuti mawu oti "liwu" losalungama silimangirira mbali ina, pomwe malamulo otsala a mgwirizano akadali kugwira ntchito malinga ngati mawuwo angathe kuchotsedwa.
Kuyanjana ndi GDPR
Lamulo la Data lili pamodzi ndi Lamulo la General Data Protection Regulation, koma pali mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pawo. Lamuloli limakhudzanso deta yaumwini, koma silimachotsa ku lamulo loteteza deta. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito si amene deta yake imapemphedwa, deta yaumwiniyo ingaperekedwe pokhapokha ngati pali maziko ovomerezeka alamulo motsatira Article 6 GDPR. Chifukwa chake, Lamulo la Data silipanga chosiyana ndi GDPR: kupeza deta motsatira Data Act sikumasula magulu pa udindo wawo wa GDPR , komanso sikupereka maziko osungira kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito deta yomwe yaperekedwayo kupitirira cholinga chomwe idapezedwera.
Kusunthika kwa mtambo ndi kusintha
Chaputala china chimafuna kuti opereka chithandizo chokonza deta apangitse kusinthana ndi wopereka wina kukhala kosavuta. Sangapereke zopinga zilizonse zomwe zisanachitike malonda, malonda, zaukadaulo, mapangano kapena mabungwe zomwe zimalepheretsa makasitomala kusintha. Kuyambira pa 12 Januwale 2027, opereka chithandizo chokonza deta sangalipirenso makasitomala ndalama zilizonse zosinthira. Kusamutsa deta ndi makonzedwe enieni kuyenera kuchitika popanda kuchedwa kosayenera ndipo sipadzakhala chifukwa chilichonse pambuyo pa nthawi yofunikira yosinthira ya masiku makumi atatu. Kwa mabungwe omwe amadalira kwambiri wopereka mtambo umodzi, izi zimapereka mwayi watsopano wokambirana pokonzanso kapena kukambirananso mapangano.
Kupezeka kwa anthu onse ngati pakufunika thandizo lapadera
Lamuloli limapatsa mabungwe aboma mwayi, pansi pa malamulo okhwima, wopempha kuti apeze deta yachinsinsi ngati pakufunika thandizo lalikulu - monga mwadzidzidzi pagulu. Pankhaniyi, eni deta kupatula mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amakakamizidwa kupereka deta yofunikira kwaulere. Pankhani zina zofunika kwambiri, mwini detayo ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro oyenera. Mphamvu imeneyi imadalira mikhalidwe yolingana ndi yocheperapo yomwe yafotokozedwa mu Lamuloli.
Kukakamiza Anthu ku Netherlands
Ku Netherlands, malamulo okhudza kukakamiza malamulo tsopano akhazikitsidwa mu lamulo kudzera mu Data Act Implementation Act (Uitvoeringswet dataverordening). Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) ndiye ulamuliro woyenera pa gawo lalikulu la Malamulowa, kuphatikizapo mitu yokhudza deta yazinthu, kugawana B2B, ndi kusunthika kwa mtambo. Dutch Data Protection Authority (AP) ili ndi mphamvu pazinthu zokhudzana ndi zachinsinsi komanso kukonza deta yaumwini mkati mwa nkhani zina ndi Chaputala V. Akuluakulu onsewa angatengepo kanthu palamulo mkati mwa madera awo mwa kupereka lamulo lomwe lingapereke chilango kapena chindapusa cha oyang'anira. Implementation Act imaperekanso mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano pakati pa ACM ndi AP, kuti oyang'anira onse awiri athe kuchita zinthu mogwirizana pankhani zolumikizana.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani pochita?
Mabizinesi omwe amapanga, kutumiza kapena kugawa zinthu zolumikizidwa angakhale anzeru kuwunikanso kapangidwe ka zinthu zawo ndi kapangidwe ka mgwirizano wawo motsutsana ndi Data Act tsopano. Pazinthu zomwe zayikidwa pamsika pambuyo pa 12 Seputembala 2026, udindo wa kapangidwe ndi kupezeka umagwira ntchito mokwanira. Opereka chithandizo omwe amakonza deta m'malo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuwona zomwe ayenera kuchita pogawana deta komanso ngati mapangano omwe alipo - kuphatikiza zigawo za data zomwe zalembedwa m'modzi - akugwirizana nawo.
Anthu amene amadikira mpaka lamulo litayamba kugwira ntchito amakhala pachiwopsezo chobwerera m'mbuyo. Kugwirizanitsa zinthu, ntchito ndi mapangano ndi malamulo atsopano munthawi yake sikuti ndi nkhani yongotsatira malamulo okha , komanso kumapereka mwayi: anthu omwe amapatsa makasitomala awo kuwonekera poyera komanso kupeza deta amaonekera pamsika womwe ukutsutsa kwambiri momwe makampani amagwiritsira ntchito deta.
Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza zotsatira za EU Data Act pa bizinesi yanu kapena mapangano anu? Maloya ku Law & More ndi okondwa kukuthandizani.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi Data Act ikugwira kale ntchito pazinthu zomwe ndili nazo kale zolumikizidwa?
Lamuloli likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025, koma udindo wopanga zinthu zolumikizidwa kuti deta ipezeke kwa ogwiritsa ntchito umangogwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zayikidwa pamsika pambuyo pa 12 Seputembala 2026. Zinthu zomwe zilipo kale pamsika zisanafike tsiku limenelo sizinaphimbidwebe. Komabe opanga ndi otumiza kunja angakhale anzeru kugwirizanitsa chitukuko cha zinthu zawo ndi zofunikira zatsopano tsopano, kuti zinthu zamtsogolo zitsatire malamulo akatulutsidwa pamsika.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati pangano langa la deta lili ndi zigawo zomwe zimaletsa mwayi wopeza deta?
Malinga ndi Data Act, mawu a mgwirizano omwe amaperekedwa ndi munthu mmodzi ndipo amaletsa munthu winayo kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito deta yake akhoza kuonedwa ngati osalungama ndipo motero sakukakamiza. Ndikoyenera kuti mapangano a deta omwe alipo ayang'aniridwenso pazigawo zotere. Udindo wotsimikizira kuti mawuwo sanaperekedwe ndi munthu mmodzi uli pa munthu amene anaphatikiza. Kukambirana koyambirira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kudikira mpaka munthu winayo atagwiritsa ntchito Lamuloli.
Kodi ndingathe kugawana zambiri zanga motsatira Data Act popanda maziko ovomerezeka ndi GDPR?
Ayi. Data Act sipereka maziko odziyimira pawokha owululira zambiri zaumwini. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito si munthu amene deta yake yaumwini ikupemphedwa, deta imeneyo ingaperekedwe pokhapokha ngati pali maziko ovomerezeka alamulo motsatira Article 6 GDPR. Kuphatikiza apo, kupeza deta motsatira Data Act sikupereka maziko osungira kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito deta yaumwini yomwe yawululidwa kupitirira cholinga choyambirira. Chifukwa chake kutsatira GDPR ndi kutsatira Data Act kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi imodzi.
Kodi ndingathebe kulipiritsa ndalama zosinthira ngati wopereka chithandizo cha cloud?
Kuyambira pa 12 Januwale 2027, opereka chithandizo chokonza deta saloledwa kulipsira makasitomala ndalama zosinthira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025, palibe zopinga zaukadaulo, zapangano kapena za bungwe zomwe zingalepheretse kusinthaku zomwe zingachitike. Kusamutsa deta yeniyeni pakasinthana kuyenera kuchitika popanda kuchedwa kosayenera ndipo kumalizidwa mkati mwa nthawi yosinthira ya masiku makumi atatu osachepera. Mapangano omwe alipo omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali kapena ndalama zosinthira ayenera kuwunikiranso.
Ndi bungwe liti loyang'anira lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zokhazikitsa lamulo la Data Act ku Netherlands?
Kukakamiza malamulo kumagawidwa pakati pa Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) ndi Dutch Data Protection Authority (AP). ACM ili ndi mphamvu pa gawo lalikulu la Malamulo, kuphatikizapo malamulo okhudza deta ya malonda, kugawana B2B ndi kusunthika kwa mtambo. AP ili ndi mphamvu pa zinthu zokhudzana ndi zachinsinsi komanso kukonza deta yaumwini mkati mwa nkhani zina ndi Mutu V. Akuluakulu onse awiri angapereke lamulo lomwe lingapereke chilango kapena chindapusa cha oyang'anira. Njira zodziwika bwino za malamulo oyang'anira malamulo zimapezeka motsutsana ndi zisankho zotere, kuphatikizapo kutsutsa, apilo ndi mpumulo wa kanthawi.
Kodi Data Act imagwiranso ntchito ku mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono?
Lamuloli limasiyanitsa malinga ndi kukula kwa bizinesi pa mfundo zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono saloledwa, pazifukwa za zopempha zadzidzidzi za anthu onse, pa udindo wopereka deta kwaulere; pazifukwa zimenezo ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro oyenera. Pa maudindo ena - kuphatikizapo udindo wopezeka pazinthu zolumikizidwa ndi mayeso achilungamo a mawu a B2B - palibe kuchotsedwa kwapadera kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Chifukwa chake, opereka zinthu zolumikizidwa kapena ntchito zamtambo ayeneranso kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo ndi Lamuloli nthawi yake.
