Pali ufulu wa katundu wanzeru kuti muteteze zomwe mwapanga ndi malingaliro anu kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito mosaloledwa ndi anthu ena. Komabe, nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo ngati mukufuna kuti zomwe mwapanga zigwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika pamalonda, mungafune kuti ena athe kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Koma kodi mukufuna kupatsa ena ufulu wochuluka bwanji wokhudza katundu wanu wanzeru? Mwachitsanzo, kodi munthu wachitatuyo amaloledwa kumasulira, kufupikitsa kapena kusintha mawu omwe muli nawo? Kapena kusintha zomwe mwapanga?
Mgwirizano wa laisensi ndi njira yoyenera yalamulo yokhazikitsira ufulu ndi udindo wa wina ndi mnzake pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ndendende zomwe mgwirizano wa laisensi umakhudza, mitundu yomwe ilipo, ndi mbali ziti zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mbali ya mgwirizanowu.
Katundu wanzeru ndi layisensi
Zotsatira za ntchito yamaganizo zimatchedwa intellectual property rights. Ufulu wamitundumitundu umasiyana malinga ndi chilengedwe, kagwiridwe ndi nthawi. Zitsanzo ndi kukopera, maufulu a chizindikiro, ma patent ndi mayina amalonda. Ufulu umenewu ndi umene umatchedwa kuti ufulu wokhawokha, kutanthauza kuti anthu ena akhoza kuugwiritsa ntchito ndi chilolezo cha munthu amene ali ndi ufuluwo.
Izi zimakupatsani mwayi woteteza malingaliro okhwima ndi malingaliro opanga. Njira imodzi yoperekera chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu ena ndikupereka chilolezo. Izi zitha kuperekedwa mwanjira iliyonse, kaya pakamwa kapena polemba. Ndikofunikira kufotokoza izi polemba mu mgwirizano wa chilolezo. Pankhani ya chilolezo chapadera cha kukopera, izi zimafunikiranso ndi lamulo . Chilolezo cholembedwa chimatha kulembetsedwa komanso chofunikira ngati pakhala mikangano ndi kusamvetsetsana kokhudza zomwe zili mu chilolezocho.
Zomwe zili mgwirizanowu
Pangano la layisensi limamalizidwa pakati pa omwe ali ndi layisensi (yemwe ali ndi ufulu wazamalonda) ndi yemwe amakhala ndi layisensi (yemwe amalandira laisensi). Phata la mgwirizanowu ndikuti wokhala ndi layisensi atha kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wokhala ndi layisensi malinga ndi zomwe zagwirizana. Malingana ngati munthu amene ali ndi layisensi amatsatira izi, wopereka malayisensi sangagwiritse ntchito ufulu wake pomutsutsa. Potengera zomwe zilipo, pali zambiri zomwe zikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kwa omwe ali ndi layisensi potengera malire a woperekera chilolezo. Gawoli likufotokoza zina mwazinthu zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa pangano la layisensi.
Maphwando, kuchuluka kwake ndi nthawi yake
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira magulu omwe ali mu mgwirizano wa layisensi. Ndikofunikira kuganizira mosamala omwe ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito layisensi ngati ikukhudza kampani yamagulu. Kuphatikiza apo, maguluwo ayenera kutchulidwa ndi mayina awo onse ovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, gawolo liyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kufotokoza momveka bwino cholinga chomwe layisensiyo ikukhudzana nacho . Mwachitsanzo, kodi ikukhudza dzina lamalonda lokha kapena pulogalamuyo? Chifukwa chake, kufotokozera ufulu waukadaulo womwe uli mu mgwirizanowu ndikofunikira, komanso, mwachitsanzo, nambala yofunsira ndi/kapena yofalitsa ngati ikukhudza patent kapena chizindikiro.
Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira momwe chinthuchi chingagwiritsidwire ntchito . Kodi wolandira chilolezo angasiye ma sub-licences kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa luntha mwa kuugwiritsa ntchito muzinthu kapena ntchito? Kachitatu, madera (monga Netherlands, Benelux, Europe, ndi zina zotero) omwe chilolezocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ayeneranso kufotokozedwa. Pomaliza, nthawi iyenera kuvomerezedwa, yomwe ingakhale yokhazikika kapena yosatha. Ngati ufulu wa luntha womwe ukukhudzidwa uli ndi malire a nthawi, izi ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Mitundu yamalayisensi
Mgwirizanowu uyeneranso kufotokozera mtundu wa layisensi. Pali zotheka zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri:
- Chokhachokha: Wopatsa chilolezo yekha amakhala ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsira ntchito ufulu waluntha.
- Zosasankha: wokhala ndi chilolezo amatha kuloleza zipani zina kuwonjezera pa amene ali ndi layisensi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mozindikira ufulu walunthawo.
- Chidendene: laisensi yokhayokha yomwe munthu wokhala ndi layisensi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenerera luso limodzi ndi wopereka chilolezo.
- Tsegulani: Aliyense wokondweretsedwa yemwe akwaniritsa zofunikirazi alandila chiphaso.
Nthawi zambiri ndalama zambiri zimatha kupezeka ngati chilolezo chokha, koma zimadalira momwe zinthu zilili ngati chisankhocho ndichabwino. Chilolezo chosakhala chokha chitha kuperekanso kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, layisensi yokhayo singagwire ntchito pang'ono ngati mungapatse laisensi yokhayo chifukwa mukuyembekezera kuti mnzakeyo agulitsa malingaliro kapena malingaliro anu, koma wokhala ndi layisensi ndiye samachita nawo kanthu. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukakamiza munthu amene ali ndi layisensi kuti akwaniritse zomwe ayenera kuchita ndiufulu wanu wazamalonda. Kutengera mtundu wa layisensi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yomwe layisensiyo yapatsidwa.
Zina
Pomaliza, pakhoza kukhala zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu mgwirizano wamalamulo:
- The Malipiro ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ngati amalipiritsa chindapusa, itha kukhala ndalama zanthawi zonse (chiphaso cha layisensi), ma royalties (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chiwongola dzanja) kapena ndalama imodzi (mpukutu pamodzi). Nthawi ndi makonzedwe osalipira kapena kubweza mochedwa ayenera kuvomerezedwa.
- Lamulo logwira ntchito, khothi loyenerera or kuweruza / kuyimira pakati
- Chinsinsi ndi chinsinsi
- Kukhazikika kwa zolakwira. Popeza kuti mwiniwake wa layisensi alibe ufulu woyambitsa milandu popanda chilolezo, izi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamgwirizanowu ngati pakufunika kutero.
- Kusintha kwa layisensi: ngati kusinthasintha sikukufunidwa ndi layisensi, kuyenera kuvomerezedwa mu mgwirizano.
- Kusamutsa chidziwitso: mgwirizano wa layisensi ukhozanso kutha kumaliza kudziwa zambiri. Izi ndizachinsinsi, nthawi zambiri zaluso, zomwe sizikupezeka ndi ufulu waumwini.
- Zochitika zatsopano. Mgwirizano uyeneranso kupangidwa ngati zinthu zatsopano zaluntha zikuphatikizidwanso ndi layisensi ya wokhala ndi layisensi. Zingakhale choncho kuti munthu wokhala ndi layisensi azikulitsa mankhwalawo ndipo wopereka malayisensi akufuna kupindula ndi izi. Zikatero, chilolezo chosakhala chokhacho chololeza munthu amene ali ndi chiphaso chazinthu zatsopano zitha kufotokozedwa.
Mwachidule, mgwirizano wa layisensi ndi mgwirizano woti munthu wokhala ndi layisensi apatsidwe ufulu ndi layisensi kuti agwiritse ntchito kapena / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru luso. Izi ndizothandiza ngati wopereka chilolezo akufuna kugulitsa malingaliro ake kapena kugwira ntchito ndi wina. Chigwirizano chimodzi cha layisensi sichifanana ndi china. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi mgwirizano watsatanetsatane womwe ungasiyane malinga ndi kuchuluka ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Mwachitsanzo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamaufulu osiyanasiyana aluso ndi m'mene amagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso pali kusiyana pamalipiro ndi kupatula. Tikukhulupirira, nkhaniyi yakupatsani lingaliro labwino pazokhudza mgwirizano wamalamulo, cholinga chake komanso zofunikira zake.
Kodi mudakali ndi mafunso okhudza mgwirizanowu mutawerenga nkhaniyi? Kenako lemberani Law & More. Maloya athu ndi akatswiri pamalamulo azinthu zanzeru, makamaka pankhani yaumwini, malamulo azizindikiro, mayina amalonda ndi zovomerezeka. Ndife okonzeka kuyankha mafunso anu onse ndipo tidzakhalanso okondwa kukuthandizani kuti mupange mgwirizano woyenera wa layisensi.
