Zigamulo Zofunika Kwambiri Pakuchotsedwa Kwa Chidule ku Netherlands

Kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa ndi chilango choopsa kwambiri chomwe olemba ntchito angalandire. Ndi nkhani yokhudza malamulo okhudza ntchito yomwe imachitika tsiku ndi tsiku m'makhothi aku Netherlands: olemba ntchito akuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, antchito akudziteteza ku milandu yoopsa. Woweruza milandu monga woweruza milandu ayenera kudziwa ngati olemba ntchito achita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. M'nkhaniyi, tikuyang'ana kwambiri zigamulo zazikulu kwambiri za m'zaka zaposachedwapa ndikupeza zomwe lamuloli limatiphunzitsa za chilango chachikulu kwambiri mu lamulo la ntchito.

Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule sikungokhala chida chovomerezeka - ndi kuphulika kwa ubale wantchito. Nthawi yomweyo, wantchito amapatsidwa mwayi, popanda nthawi yodziwitsa, popanda malipiro, nthawi zambiri ndi mbiri yowonongeka. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu: kusatsimikizika kwachuma, mavuto omwe angakhalepo opeza ntchito yatsopano, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kulephera kugwira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake oweruza aku Dutch adakhazikitsa malamulo apamwamba. Okwera kwambiri.

Ndondomeko Yamalamulo: Chiwopsezo Chokhwima

Maziko okhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ochotsera ntchito mwachidule angapezeke mu Nkhani 7:677 ndi 7:678 za Dutch Civil Code (BW). Zonsezi pamodzi zimapanga lamulo lokhwima lomwe olemba ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yosavuta koma yovuta: payenera kukhala chifukwa chofunikira (dringende reden) - vuto lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti olemba ntchito sangayembekezeredwe kupitiriza mgwirizano wantchito. Ndipo chifukwa chimenecho chiyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi yomweyo (onverwijld) kwa wantchito.

Koma kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Makhothi afotokoza bwino momwe miyezo iyi imagwirira ntchito m'zigamulo zambiri. Udindo wopereka umboni uli m'manja mwa olemba ntchito okha. Sikuti amangotsimikizira kuti pali chifukwa chofunikira, komanso ayenera kusonyeza kuti adachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo apa vuto la olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri limayamba: pakati pa kupeza chifukwa chofunikira komanso kupereka chidziwitso pali kufufuza kwamkati. Kufufuza kumatenga nthawi. Ndipo nthawi ndi mdani wa nthawi yomweyo.

Kupambana: Ndondomeko ya Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri (2023)

Mu 2023, Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands (Hoge Raad) linapereka chigamulo chomwe chinapangitsa kuti akatswiri azamalamulo akhale pansi: ECLI:NL:HR:2023:1668 . Chigamulochi chasintha kwambiri chifukwa Khoti Lalikulu pamapeto pake linapanga dongosolo lenileni la pang'onopang'ono lowunikira kufunika kwa nthawi yomweyo pamene kuchotsedwa ntchito kutatha kufufuza kwamkati. Si chigamulo chodabwitsa, koma ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino ya zaka zambiri za milandu.

Khoti Lalikulu likufunsa mafunso anayi enieni omwe woweruza ayenera kuyankha:

1. Kodi olemba ntchito adachita kapena adachita kafukufuku wokwanira mwachangu pa zomwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuchita pa zinthu zosalongosoka?
2. Kodi kafukufukuyo anachitidwa mwachangu mokwanira?
3. Kodi olemba ntchito adadzidziwitsa okha mwachangu mokwanira za zomwe adapeza (kuphatikizapo zomwe zidachitika pakapita nthawi) kuchokera ku kafukufukuyu?
4. Kodi olemba ntchito adapita mwachangu mokwanira kuti achotsedwe ntchito atangodziwa zomwe zapezekazi?

Ndondomeko iyi pang'onopang'ono imapatsa olemba ntchito malangizo, komanso chenjezo: kuchita zinthu mwachangu kuyenera kuonetsedwa pagawo lililonse . Kufufuza pang'onopang'ono kumatha kukhala koopsa, ngakhale njira yonse itapitirira mwachangu. Uthengawu ndi womveka bwino: pitirizani, kapena tayani mlandu wanu.

Kulinganiza Zokonda: Ufulu wa Anthu mu Malamulo

Chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri mu lamulo lochotsa mlandu ndichakuti woweruza ayenera kuwunika zonse zomwe zikuchitika pa mlanduwo . Izi zimachokera ku chigamulo chachikulu cha ECLI:NL:HR:2021:596 , pomwe Khoti Lalikulu linatsimikiza kuti powunika chifukwa chofunikira, sikuti zimangokhudza ngati pali mlandu wolakwa, komanso momwe khalidwelo liyenera kuganiziridwira mozama poganizira zochitika zenizeni.

Kodi zinthu zimenezi ndi ziti? Khoti Lalikulu latchula zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

• Mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa mlandu - Kodi ndi chinyengo, kusasamala, kapena 'kungolakwitsa'?
• Nthawi yogwira ntchito - Kodi pali amene watumikira mokhulupirika kwa zaka 30 kapena wagwira ntchito kwa mwezi umodzi wokha?
• Mikhalidwe ya wantchito - Zaka, mkhalidwe wa banja, momwe alili pazachuma
• Zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito - Kodi wantchito angapezebe ntchito? Kodi pali kuwonongeka kwa mbiri yake kosatha?
• Momwe wantchito wakhala akuchitira nthawi zonse - Kodi izi zinali zochitika kapena zochitika?

Kulinganiza zinthu kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachangu kukhale nkhani yeniyeni. Khalidwe lomwelo lingayambitse kuchotsedwa ntchito pa mlandu umodzi osati pa wina. Wantchito wazaka 58 yemwe ali ndi zaka 25 akugwira ntchito komanso ana awiri ku yunivesite ali ndi chitetezo chosiyana ndi wachinyamata wazaka 23 yemwe amalakwitsa tsiku lake lachiwiri la ntchito. Izi si kuphwanya malamulo - ichi ndi chilungamo chomwe chimaganizira zenizeni za miyoyo ya anthu.

Vuto la Umboni: Umboni Watsopano Pambuyo Pochotsedwa Ntchito

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zotsutsana kwambiri pa lamulo lochotsa ntchito ndi funso lakuti: kodi olemba ntchito angadalire umboni pa milandu yomwe idapezeka pambuyo poti ntchito yachotsedwa? Yankho linabwera mu 2019, pamene Khoti Lalikulu mu ECLI:NL:HR:2019:55 linagamula momveka bwino kuti: inde, zimenezo n'zololedwa.

Khoti Lalikulu linanena momveka bwino kuti olemba ntchito sali ndi malire popereka umboni pa umboni womwe anali nawo kale panthawi yochotsedwa ntchito. Izi ndi zomveka potengera kufufuza zoona: ngati olemba ntchito apeza umboni wowonjezera wotsimikizira kukayikira kwawo, bwanji osaloledwa kuugwiritsa ntchito? Woweruza amawunika umboniwu mofanana ndi umboni wina.

Koma lamuloli lili ndi malire. Umboni uyenera kugwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kukhazikitsidwe . Bwana sangayambe wachotsa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kenako n’kupereka umboni wa chinyengo. Kalata yochotsera ntchito imakonza chifukwa chochotsera ntchito - ndipo bwana ayenera kutsatira zimenezo. Zifukwa zatsopano sizingawonjezedwe, koma umboni watsopano wokhawokha wokha.

Kalata Yochotsera Anthu: Tsogolo Losindikizidwa mu Zakuda ndi Zoyera

Ngati pali chikalata chimodzi chomwe chimatsimikiza tsogolo la kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachangu, ndi kalata yochotsera ntchito. Lamulo limafuna 'kudziwitsa mwachangu chifukwa chadzidzidzi' - ndipo chidziwitsocho chiyenera kukhala chomveka bwino komanso chomveka bwino. Palibe mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino, palibe zodzudzula wamba, koma mfundo zenizeni zomwe kuchotsedwa ntchito kumachokera.

Malamulo aposachedwa akusonyeza momwe oweruza amaweruza mokhwima pankhaniyi. ECLI:NL:GHMS:2025:2567, ndi Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo linanena kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kwachindunji sikuli koyenera chifukwa kalata yochotsera ntchito sinali yokwanira yokhudza chifukwa chofunikira. Bwanayo anali atalemba zinazake, koma sizinali zokwanira. Zotsatira zake? Kuchotsedwa ntchito konse kunagwa ngati nyumba yamakhadi.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi n’zofunika kwambiri? Chifukwa kalata yochotsera ntchito iyenera kulola wantchito kuganizira nthawi yomweyo za maganizo ake. Ngati chifukwa chake sichimveka bwino kapena chaching’ono, wantchitoyo sangathe kudziteteza mokwanira. Sadziwa choti adziteteze. Iyi ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yotetezera malamulo yomwe wopanga malamulo adaiyika mwadala mu dongosololi.

Lamulo lofunika kwambiri pamilandu ndilakuti olemba ntchito sangawonjezere kapena kusintha chifukwa chochotsera ntchito pambuyo pake. Zomwe zili mu kalata yochotsera ntchito zili mkati mwake. Malangizo ena otsatira mu chikalata chodziteteza amabwera mochedwa kwambiri - lamulo la milandu likuwonekera bwino pankhaniyi ( ECLI:NL:RBNHO:2022:2802 ). Izi zimalepheretsa olemba ntchito kutumiza kaye kalata yochotsera ntchito ndipo pambuyo pake, akaona momwe njirayo ikuyendera, amabwera ndi tsatanetsatane wambiri. Malamulowo ndi okhazikika: zomwe mumalemba ndi zomwe mumapeza.

Zachinsinsi ndi Umboni: Kusamvana

Chimodzi mwa nkhani zomwe zikuchitika kwambiri mu lamulo lochotsa ntchito ndi chokhudza kusamvana pakati pa kupeza mfundo ndi kuteteza chinsinsi. Kodi olemba ntchito angawerenge maimelo? Kodi angagwiritse ntchito zithunzi za kamera? Ndipo ngati umboniwo wapezeka wotsutsana ndi GDPR - kodi woweruzayo ayenera kuuchotsa?

Yankho lake ndi losavuta kumva. Lamulo lalikulu ndilakuti umboni pamilandu ya milandu ya anthu ungaperekedwe mwanjira iliyonse ndipo kuti kuwunikako kuperekedwe kwa woweruza (Article 152 Code of Civil Procedure). Kungoti umboni unapezedwa mopanda lamulo sikupangitsa kuti umboni usaperekedwe. Khoti Lalikulu linagamula mu ECLI:NL:HR:2014:942 kuti pokhapokha ngati pali zina zowonjezera - monga kuphwanya ufulu wofunikira kwambiri kapena kusalingana - umboni ungachotsedwe.

Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kulinganiza zofuna. Woweruza amayesa kuopsa kwa kuphwanya malamulo okhudza zachinsinsi poyerekeza ndi zofuna zofufuza mfundo. Zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito:

• Kodi kuphwanya malamulo okhudza chinsinsi n’koopsa bwanji?
• Kodi bwanayo anali ndi chifukwa chomveka?
• Kodi panali njira zosalowerera kwambiri?
• Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito umboni kuli koyenera poganizira chidwi chofuna kupeza zoona?

Posachedwapa, Khoti Lalikulu la Overijssel linagamula mu ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2025:6184 kuti ngati olemba ntchito atsimikiza kuti njira zina zofufuzira zosasokoneza sizikwanira, ndipo chidwi chofuna kupeza mfundo chikuposa, umboni nthawi zambiri umavomerezedwa. Izi zimapatsa olemba ntchito malo, komanso chenjezo: ganizirani mosamala musanagwiritse ntchito njira zolemera, chifukwa ngati sizikufunikira pambuyo pake, zimenezo zingakulepheretseni.

Zowonongeka, Malipiro Oyenera, ndi Kubwezeretsa Pangano la Ntchito

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito kwadzidzidzi kwapezeka kuti sikuli koyenera? Zotsatira zake kwa olemba ntchito zitha kukhala zazikulu. Nkhani 7:681 BW imapatsa wantchito njira ziwiri: kubwezeretsa pangano la ntchito kapena malipiro oyenera (billijke vergoeding).

Kubwezeretsa Pangano la Ntchito

Njira yoyamba ndi kubwezeretsa: pangano la ntchito limaonedwa kuti silinathetsedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wantchito amalandiranso udindo wake wakale ndipo ali ndi ufulu wolipidwa malipiro kuyambira nthawi yomwe wachotsedwa ntchito mpaka nthawi yomwe wabwezeretsedwa. Komabe, kwenikweni, kubwezeretsa sikumafunidwa kapena kuperekedwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa ubale wa ntchito pambuyo pa mkangano wotere nthawi zambiri umawonongeka mosatha. Chifukwa chake antchito ndi oweruza nthawi zambiri amasankha njira yachiwiri: malipiro oyenera.

Malipiro Oyenera

Malipiro oyenera awa cholinga chake ndi kulipira chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa kwambiri la olemba ntchito . Izi ndi maziko akuluakulu osati kungochotsa ntchito molakwika - zimakhudza khalidwe lomwe limapitirira kulakwitsa pang'ono mwalamulo. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chili pansi pa izi? Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuchotsa popanda chifukwa chomveka, chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo kapena kukwiya
• Kupeza umboni mwadala mosaloledwa, monga kuphwanya malamulo akuluakulu achinsinsi popanda chifukwa chilichonse
• Kafukufuku wamkati wosasamala womwe unapangitsa kuti munthu achotsedwe ntchito molakwika
• Kunyalanyaza kwathunthu ufulu womvera nkhani za ana aang'ono panthawi yofufuza
• Kukokomeza kwambiri mfundo zomwe zili mu kalata yochotsa ntchito kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kuwoneke ngati nkhani yaikulu kwambiri

Milandu yaposachedwa, monga ECLI:NL:RBZWB:2025:6793 , ikuwonetsa kuti oweruza sazengereza kupereka chipukuta misozi choyenera ngati olemba ntchito alakwitsa momveka bwino. Ndalama zimasiyana kwambiri - kuyambira ma euro masauzande ochepa mpaka ndalama zazikulu zomwe zingafanane ndi malipiro ambiri pamwezi, kutengera zinthu monga:

• Kuopsa kwa chitonzo kwa olemba ntchito
• Kutalika kwa ntchito
• Zaka ndi momwe wantchito alili pazachuma
• Zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito (kuwonongeka kwa mbiri, kuvutika kupeza ntchito yatsopano)
• Mmene olemba ntchito ankachitira zinthu panthawi ya mlanduwo

Kuchepetsa ndi Kuonjezera kwa Woweruza

Mbali yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa ndi yakuti woweruzayo ali ndi mphamvu zochepetsera kapena kuwonjezera malipiro oyenera kutengera Nkhani 7:681 ndime 4 ndi 5 BW. Izi zimachitika m'milandu yapadera:

Kuchepetsa vutoli kungachitike ngati kupereka malipiro onse kungapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatira zosavomerezeka, poganizira izi:

• Mmene nkhaniyi ikuyendera
• Mtundu wa udindo
• Mphamvu zachuma za maguluwa

Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti wolemba ntchito wamng'ono amene walakwitsa, koma osati mwadala kapena mosasamala, akhoza kupempha kuti achepetsedwe ngati malipiro onse oyenera angaike kampaniyo m'mavuto azachuma.

Kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama kungatheke ngati woweruzayo apereka chigamulo chakuti malipiro oyenera sakukwaniritsa kuopsa kwa chitonzocho. Timaona izi makamaka pazochitika zomwe olemba ntchito:

• Ananamizira anthu mwadala
• Anawononga wantchitoyo pagulu
• Zachinsinsi zomwe zaphwanyidwa kwambiri
• Kuwopseza kapena kubwezera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Ndalama Yosinthira: Chinthu Choiwalika

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imasowa: ngati wantchito wachotsedwa ntchito molakwika, kwenikweni ali ndi ufulu wolandira ndalama zothandizira kusintha (transitievergoeding) (Nkhani 7:673 BW). Iyi ndi malipiro omwe wantchito aliyense ayenera kulandira akamaliza mgwirizano wantchito womwe wakhala miyezi yosachepera 24, wowerengedwa kutengera zaka zautumiki ndi malipiro.

Bwana angapewe ufulu umenewu pokhapokha ngati atsimikizira kuti wantchito ali ndi khalidwe loipa kapena kulephera kuchita bwino (Nkhani 7:673 ndime 7 pansi pa BW). Dziwani: ichi ndi mayeso osiyana ndi chifukwa chadzidzidzi! Ngakhale ngati palibe chifukwa chadzidzidzi (chopangitsa kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kukhale kosayenera), bwanayo anganenebe kuti panali khalidwe loipa kwambiri lomwe silikuphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira kusintha.

Izi zimabweretsa zochitika zosangalatsa: kuchotsedwa ntchito kungakhale kolakwika chifukwa bwana sanachitepo kanthu nthawi yomweyo kapena kalata yochotsa ntchito sinali yokwanira, koma nthawi yomweyo zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti wantchitoyo adachitadi zomwe zinali zoyenera kuimbidwa mlandu. Zikatero, wantchitoyo amalandira:

✓ Kupitiliza kulipira malipiro (chifukwa kuchotsedwa ntchito sikuloledwa)

✓ Malipiro oyenera (ngati olemba ntchito adachita zinthu moyenerera)

✗ Koma palibe chilolezo chosinthira (chifukwa iwowo adachita zinthu molakwika)

Oweruza amaona kuti kuwunikaku n’kosavuta. Chinyengo, kuba, ndi nkhanza zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu achotsedwe ndalama zothandizira kusintha. Koma khalidwe losafunika kwenikweni, kapena khalidwe lomwe silikugwirizana ndi zochitika zaumwini (monga kupsinjika maganizo), nthawi zambiri limapangitsa kuti munthu alandire ndalama zothandizira kusintha.

Zachinsinsi ndi Zowonongeka

Kwa ogwira ntchito, imagwiranso ntchito kuti ngati pali umboni wopezeka mosaloledwa, mlandu wina wokhudza kuphwanya chinsinsi ndi wotheka (Nkhani 6:162 BW), bola ngati kuphwanya lamulo kuli kosiyana ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito kwenikweni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina chilango chachiwiri chingatheke:

• Kuthetsa kuchotsedwa ntchito
• Kupitiliza kulipira malipiro
• Malipiro oyenera chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa kwambiri la olemba ntchito
• Zowonongeka zosiyana chifukwa cha kuphwanya chinsinsi
• Ndalama zothandizira kusintha (ngati sizikuchotsedwa)

Kuphatikiza kumeneku kungapangitse kuti ndalama zomwe zimaposa malipiro apachaka a wantchito. Kwa olemba ntchito, ichi ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu chogwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira mosamala kwambiri zokhudzana ndi zachinsinsi.

Zinthu Zokhudza Ndondomeko: Wotchi Ikuyenda Bwino

Mbali yomwe nthawi zambiri imachepetsedwa pankhani yochotsa ntchito mwachidule ndi nthawi yomwe wantchito ayenera kuchitapo kanthu. Nkhani 7:686a BW imakhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yokhwima: wantchito ayenera kupereka pempho loti athetse ntchito ku khothi lachigawo mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene wachotsedwa ntchito.

Nthawi yocheperako iyi siingathe kuwonjezeredwa ndipo imayamba kuyambira nthawi yomwe ntchitoyo inachotsedwa - osati kuyambira nthawi yomwe wantchito adalandira upangiri wa zamalamulo kapena kulandira zikalata zonse. Ndi nthawi yoopsa: anthu omwe achedwa kwambiri amataya ufulu wopempha kuti ntchitoyo ichotsedwe.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Nthawi Yaifupi Chonchi?

Wopanga malamulo anasankha nthawi yochepa iyi kuti apange chitsimikizo chalamulo . Olemba ntchito ndi antchito onse ayenera kudziwa mwachangu komwe ali. Olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala okonzeka kukonzekera (kulemba ntchito wantchito watsopano kapena ayi?), ndipo wantchitoyo sayenera kukhalabe ndi kusatsimikizika za udindo wawo wazamalamulo. Malinga ndi wopanga malamulo, miyezi iwiri ndiyokwanira kupeza upangiri wazamalamulo ndikuyamba njira.

Kodi Ndondomekoyi Imatanthauza Chiyani?

Wantchitoyo apereka pempho ku khoti laling'ono la khoti la chigawo m'boma lomwe nthawi zambiri amachita kapena kuchita ntchito yawo. Iyi si njira yoitanira anthu ku khoti koma njira yopempha - njira yosavomerezeka komanso yachangu.

Pempho liyenera kukhala ndi:

• Mayina ndi malo okhala a maguluwa
• Kufotokozera za kuchotsedwa ntchito (tsiku, njira yodziwitsira)
• Zifukwa zomwe kuchotsedwa kwa lamulo kupemphedwera (palibe chifukwa chofulumira, osati nthawi yomweyo, kalata yochotsera ntchito si yokwanira, ndi zina zotero)
• Pempho: kodi wantchito akupempha chiyani? (kuletsa ntchito + malipiro opitilira + malipiro oyenera + ndalama zosinthira ntchito)

Woweruza milandu wa m'chigawo chaching'ono amaitana anthu onse kuti akamve mlandu pakamwa, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Njira imeneyi ndi yachangu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe.

Ndalama ndi Ndalama za Khothi

Wantchito ayenera kulipira ndalama za khothi chifukwa chopereka pempholi. Izi ndi (kuyambira mu 2026) € 93 kwa anthu wamba. Izi ndi zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zoyitanitsa anthu, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu a njirazi.

Ponena za ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, lamulo lalikulu limagwira ntchito kuti mu njira zopempherera chipani chilichonse chizikhala ndi ndalama zake , pokhapokha ngati woweruza atasankha zina. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale wantchito atapambana, ayenera kukhala ndi ndalama zake za loya. Olemba ntchito nawonso amanyamula ndalama zawo. Izi ndizosiyana ndi kuitana, komwe wotayika nthawi zambiri amafunika kubweza (gawo la) ndalama za loya wa chipani chopambana.

Komabe: ngati woweruza atsimikiza kuti bwana wapereka mlandu mopanda nzeru , akhoza kulamula bwanayo kuti alipire ndalama za ndondomeko ya wantchitoyo. Izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, koma zimachitika m'milandu yoonekeratu.

Nanga bwanji ngati miyezi iwiri yatha?

Ngati wantchito wachedwa kwambiri ndi pempho lake loti athetse ntchito, amataya ufulu wothetsa ntchito. Koma dziwani: akhoza kuyambabe njira yokhazikika yochitira zinthu mogwirizana ndi mlandu (Nkhani 6:162 BW). Ichi ndi chifukwa china chovomerezeka: osati kuthetsa kuchotsedwa ntchito, koma kulipira chifukwa chakuti bwanayo anachita zinthu molakwika pomuchotsa ntchito molakwika.

Kusiyana kwake:

Kwa wantchito, kuletsa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi njira yabwino - koma pokhapokha ngati afika pa nthawi yake. Uthenga wake ndi womveka bwino: aliyense amene wachotsedwa ntchito mwamsanga ayenera kupeza uphungu wa zamalamulo nthawi yomweyo osati kudikira.

Nkhani Zachidule: Njira Yofulumira

Kuwonjezera pa njira yopempherera, wantchito akhoza kuyambanso njira yofotokozera mwachidule (kort geding) ndi woweruza wothandiza poyamba. Iyi ndi njira yofulumira yomwe chigamulo chimatsatira mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Mwachidule, wantchito akhoza kupempha:

• Mpumulo wa kanthawi kochepa: malipiro a kanthawi kochepa mpaka milandu yayikulu itatha
• Chigamulo choyambirira pa kuvomerezeka kwa kuchotsedwa ntchito

Milandu yomaliza nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito wantchito akakumana ndi mavuto azachuma chifukwa chochotsedwa ntchito. Woweruza woyambirira akhoza kulamula kuti abwana azilipira (gawo la) malipiro ake kwakanthawi, poyembekezera chigamulo chomaliza cha woweruza wa chigawo chaching'ono. Izi zimapatsa wantchito mpata woti adikire milandu yayikulu popanda kuphwanya malamulo azachuma.

Dziwani: chigamulo chachidule cha milandu ndi chakanthawi kochepa ndipo sichimakakamiza khoti pamilandu yayikulu. Koma kwenikweni chimakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu: ngati woweruza milandu atapereka chigamulo chakuti kuchotsa mlandu “poyang’ana koyamba” kukuwoneka kolakwika, woweruza milandu wa chigawo chaching’ono nthawi zambiri amatsatira zimenezo (koma osati nthawi zonse).

Maphunziro Othandiza Ochokera ku Malamulo a Milandu

Kodi tsopano tinganene chiyani kuchokera ku nkhani yovutayi? Kodi olemba ntchito ndi antchito angaphunzire chiyani?

Kwa olemba ntchito:

1. Kufulumira ndi mfumu. Mukangoyamba kukayikira chifukwa chadzidzidzi, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Tsiku lililonse lochedwa likhoza kukhala loopsa. Koma kufulumira sikutanthauza kupupuluma: choyamba mungachite kafukufuku, koma kufufuzako kuyeneranso kukhala kofulumira.

2. Pangani kalata yochotsa ntchito kukhala yomveka bwino momwe mungathere. Osadzudzula mosamveka bwino, koma mfundo zovuta. Tsiku, nthawi, malo, zomwe zinachitikadi. Ganizirani ngati mtolankhani: ndani, chiyani, kuti, liti, motani. Ndipo musaiwale kunena chifukwa chake izi ndi zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti kuchotsa ntchito mwachidule kuli koyenera.

3. Yesani zonse zomwe zingachitike. Inde, wantchitoyo mwina wachitapo kanthu kofunikira. Koma kodi watumikira mokhulupirika kwa zaka 20? Kodi ali ndi zaka 55? Kodi ali ndi ana omwe akuphunzirabe? Nthawi zina ngakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu kungapangitse kuti chilango chocheperako chikhale chosavuta chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika pa moyo wake.

4. Lembani zonse. Ngati muchita kafukufuku wamkati, onetsetsani kuti mwatha kusonyeza nthawi yomwe zomwe zinachitika. Kafukufukuyo anayamba liti? Munalandira liti chidziwitso chiti? Munatenga liti njira ziti? Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muyesedwe mwachangu.

5. Samalani ndi umboni wokhudza zachinsinsi. Inde, mungagwiritse ntchito mfundo imeneyi, ngakhale zitapezeka kuti simunaupeze wonse malinga ndi GDPR. Koma ngati kuphwanya malamuloko kuli kwakukulu, mungakhale pachiwopsezo choti woweruzayo achotse umboniwo kapena kukupatsani ndalama zina zowonjezera.

Kwa ogwira ntchito:

1. Werengani kalata yochotsera ntchito mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi chifukwa chochotsera ntchito n'chokwanira? Kodi mukumvetsa bwino chomwe mukuchotsera ntchito? Ngati sichoncho, nthawi yomweyo mumakhala ndi chitetezo chofunikira.

2. Yang'anani nthawi. Kodi bwana wanu adapeza liti chifukwa chomwe chikunenedwa kuti ndi chofunikira? Kodi munachotsedwa ntchito liti? Kodi pali masiku opitilira ochepa pakati pa ntchito? Ndiye pakhoza kukhala vuto ndi nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati panalibe kafukufuku wokwanira wamkati.

3. Fotokozani mavuto anu. Kodi mwagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji kwa olemba ntchito? Kodi muli ndi zaka zingati? Kodi zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito kumeneku ndi zazikulu bwanji kwa inu? Izi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe woweruza ayenera kuziganizira, koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha mutazitchula momveka bwino.

4. Ngati umboni unagwiritsidwa ntchito womwe umaphwanya chinsinsi chanu, khalani tcheru. Kodi kafukufuku wachinsinsi unachitika? Kodi maimelo anu anawerengedwa popanda kudziwa kwanu? Kodi kuyang'aniridwa ndi kamera kunagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chenjezo? Izi zitha kukhala zifukwa zochotsera umboni kapena kuwonongeka.

5. Perekani chitetezo cholimbikitsa. Sikokwanira kungonena kuti 'Sindinachite'. Muyenera kupereka mfundo zenizeni komanso zotsimikizika zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zomwe olemba ntchito amanena. Kupanda kutero, woweruza angaganize kuti mfundo zomwe olemba ntchito akuneneratu ndi zolondola.

6. Chitanipo kanthu mwachangu. Muli ndi miyezi iwiri yokha yoti mutumize pempho loti mlandu uthetsedwe kwa woweruza wa chigawo chaching'ono. Nthawi yocheperako iyi siingathe kuwonjezeredwa. Musadikire, koma nthawi yomweyo funsani loya. Tsiku lililonse lomwe mukudikira limakupangitsani kuti mutaye ufulu wanu wothetsa mlandu.

7. Musaiwale ndalama zothandizira kusintha. Ngakhale kuchotsedwa kwanu ntchito kutapezeka kuti sikuli bwino, muyenera kupempha mwachindunji ndalama zothandizira kusintha. Izi sizibwera zokha. Ndipo khalani tcheru: olemba ntchito anganene kuti inuyo munachita zinthu zosayenera, zomwe zinakupangitsani kuti muphonye ndalama zothandizira kusintha - ngakhale kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kunali kosavomerezeka.

8. Ganizirani za milandu yokhudza ndalama ngati pakufunika thandizo la ndalama mwachangu. Ngati muli ndi mavuto olipira chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa ntchito (ngongole ya nyumba, lendi, ndalama zokhazikika), yambani milandu yokhudza malipiro owonjezera pa njira yochotsera. Woweruza woyambirira akhoza kulamula mkati mwa milungu ingapo kuti olemba ntchito akulipireni malipiro anu kwakanthawi (gawo la malipiro anu).

Mchitidwewu: Ndemanga Yokhwima

Tikafufuza za milandu ya zaka zaposachedwapa, zinthu zikuwoneka bwino: oweruza akuyesa kwambiri. Izi zikuwonekera kuchokera ku zigamulo monga ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2025:6184 , pomwe khotilo likugogomezera kuti kudziletsa ndikofunikira povomereza chifukwa chadzidzidzi. Uthenga kwa olemba ntchito ndi womveka bwino: kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule ndi njira yomaliza - njira yomaliza yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha pamilandu yapadera.

Kuwunikanso kokhwima kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha lamulo la ntchito: chitetezo chochulukirapo kwa antchito, zofunikira zambiri kwa olemba ntchito. Oweruza a zigawo zazing'ono ndi makhoti akuluakulu akudziwa za momwe kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule kumakhudzira moyo wa wantchito. Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule sikungotaya ntchito kokha - komanso kuwonongeka kwa mbiri, kusatsimikizika kwachuma, komanso nthawi zambiri kupsinjika maganizo.

Nthawi yomweyo, milandu imazindikira kuti olemba ntchito nthawi zina amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu pomwe kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachangu ndiye njira yokhayo yothetsera mavuto. Chinyengo, kuba, nkhanza zazikulu - izi ndi machitidwe omwe amawononga ubale wantchito mosasinthika. Luso ndikupeza mgwirizano woyenera pakati pa zofuna za wantchito ndi za owalemba ntchito, ndikuwona ngati pankhani yeniyeniyo, kulinganiza kumeneku kungathandize kuthetsa ntchito.

Kutsiliza: Khama ngati Motto

Kuchotsa ntchito mwachidule ndi gawo losangalatsa komanso lovuta la malamulo. Malamulo a zaka zaposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti oweruza amayembekezera kusamala kwambiri kuchokera kwa olemba ntchito. Dongosolo la Khoti Lalikulu kuyambira mu 2023, kutsindika pa kulinganiza zofuna, zofunikira kwambiri pa kalata yochotsa ntchito, ndi njira yowunikira umboni wokhudza zachinsinsi - zonsezi ndi mawu ofanana: kuchotsa ntchito mwachidule kumaloledwa pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke mwanjira ina.

Kwa olemba ntchito, izi zikutanthauza kuti sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule. Chiyeso chingakhale chabwino - kuthetsa msanga ubale wovuta pantchito popanda nthawi yodziwitsa kapena kukonza nthawi yopuma pantchito. Koma zoopsa zake zimakhala zofanana. Kuchotsedwa ntchito molakwika kumatanthauza kulipira malipiro opitilira, mwina malipiro oyenera, komanso nthawi zambiri kuwonongeka kwa mbiri ya olemba ntchito.

Kwa antchito, uthenga ndi wakuti ali ndi zosankha. Lamulo limapereka chitetezo, ndipo oweruza amaona chitetezo kukhala chofunika kwambiri. Koma ndi mfundo yochepa: ngati khalidweli ndi lalikuludi, ndipo olemba ntchito achitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso molimbika, ndiye kuti ngakhale wantchito amene wagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zotsatira zake zoyipa adzayenera kuvomereza kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ikufunika kutsindika kwambiri: nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri . Kwa olemba ntchito (omwe ayenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo) komanso kwa wantchito (omwe ayenera kukasuma mlandu mkati mwa miyezi iwiri), nthawi ikupita. Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands ndi gawo la malamulo pomwe nthawi yomaliza yoopsa komanso zofunikira pazochitika zimagwira ntchito yayikulu. Mlandu wabwino ukhoza kutayika chifukwa cha nthawi yomaliza yolephera kapena pempho lolakwika.

Zotsatira zandalama ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimachitikira nthawi zambiri. Kuchotsedwa ntchito molakwika kungawononge bwana osati kungomulipiritsa malipiro opitilira, komanso chipukuta misozi choyenera, ndalama zosinthira, komanso mwina chindapusa china chowononga chifukwa chophwanya malamulo achinsinsi. Izi zitha kukhala ndalama zopitilira malipiro apachaka a wantchito - chiopsezo chomwe olemba ntchito aliyense ayenera kuchiganizira mozama asanapitirire ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito molakwika.

Zigamulo zazikulu kwambiri zimatiphunzitsa kuti lamulo la ku Netherlands lochotsa ntchito limafuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano wosavuta pakati pa chitetezo cha wantchito ndi ufulu wochitapo kanthu kwa olemba ntchito. Ndi mgwirizano womwe uyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse ndikuwunikidwanso, poganizira momwe zinthu zilili pa mlandu uliwonse.

Ndipo mwina limenelo ndi phunziro lofunika kwambiri: kuchotsedwa kulikonse mwachidule ndi kwapadera. Palibe njira yokhazikika, palibe mndandanda wotsatira womwe umatsimikizira kupambana. Chotsala ndi upangiri kwa onse awiri: kuchitapo kanthu mwakhama, kulemba bwino, ndikupempha upangiri wa zamalamulo pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa ngati chinthu chimodzi chili chotsimikizika m'derali la malamulo, ndichakuti mdierekezi ali mu tsatanetsatane.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI