Ufulu Wokhala Chete pa Nkhani Zaupandu
Chifukwa chamilandu yayikulu yomwe yakhala ikuchitika chaka chatha, ufulu wokayikira wokhala chete wawonekeranso. Zachidziwikire, ndi omwe akuzunzidwa komanso abale ndi olakwa, ufulu wokayikira wokhala chete ukuwomberedwa, zomwe zimamveka. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chatha, kulankhulalankhula kosalekeza kwa omwe akukayikira za "kupha anthu insulini" zingapo m'nyumba zosamalira okalamba kudadzetsa kukhumudwa komanso kukwiya pakati pa abale, omwe amafunadi kudziwa zomwe zidachitika. Wokayikirayo nthawi zonse amapempha ufulu wake wokhala chete ku Khothi Lachigawo la Rotterdam. M'kupita kwanthawi, izi zidakwiyitsanso oweruza, omwe adapitilizabe kuyesa kukayikitsa kuti agwire ntchito.
Article 29 ya Code of Criminal Procedure
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe oganiziridwa, nthawi zambiri pamalangizo a maloya awo, amapempha ufulu wawo wosalankhula. Mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kukhala zifukwa zenizeni kapena zamaganizidwe, koma zimachitikanso kuti wokayikira amawopa zotsatira zake mkati mwachigawenga. Mosasamala chifukwa chake, ufulu wokhala chete uli wa aliyense wokayikira.
Ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wa munthu wamba, popeza 1926 idakhazikitsidwa mu Article 29 ya Code of Criminal Procedure motero iyenera kulemekezedwa. Ufulu umenewu umachokera pa mfundo yakuti wokayikirayo sayenera kugwirizana ndi kukhudzika kwake ndipo sangakakamizidwe kutero: 'Wokayikira sakakamizidwa kuyankha. ' Kudzoza kwa izi ndi kuletsa kuzunzidwa.
Ngati wokayikirayo agwiritsa ntchito ufuluwu, atha kuletsa zonenedwazo kuti zisaoneke ngati zachinyengo komanso zosadalirika, mwachitsanzo chifukwa zimasiyana ndi zomwe ena wanena kapena zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mufayilo. Wokayikira akadakhala chete pachiyambipo ndipo zonena zake zikubwera pambuyo pa zomwe akunenazo ndi fayiloyo, amawonjezera mwayi kuti oweruza azikhulupirira. Kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wokhala chete kungakhalenso njira yabwino ngati wokayikirayo sangathe kuyankha moyenera pa mafunso, mwachitsanzo, apolisi. Kupatula apo, mawu amatha kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse kukhothi.
Komabe, njira iyi ilibe zoopsa. Wokayikirayo ayeneranso kudziwa izi. Ngati woganiziridwayo amangidwa ndikuikidwa m'ndende yokonzekera kuzengedwa mlandu, kudandaula kwa ufulu wokhala chete kungatanthauze kuti apolisi ndi akuluakulu amilandu atha kufufuza chifukwa chake kutsekeredwa kwa munthu woganiziridwa asanazengedwe mlandu kumapitilira.
Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti woganiziridwayo angafunike kukhala m'ndende isanazengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chongokhala chete kuposa ngati atanena. Kuwonjezera apo, n’zotheka kuti mlanduwo ukathetsedwa kapena kumasulidwa kwa woganiziridwayo, woganiziridwayo sangapatsidwe chiwonongeko ngati ali ndi mlandu wopitirizira kutsekeredwa koyambirira. Zonena zoterezi zawonongeka kale zakanidwa pazifukwa izi kangapo.
Mukakhala kukhoti, kukhala chete sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo kwa woganiziridwayo. Ndi iko komwe, woweruza angaganizire kukhala chete m’chigamulo chake ngati woganiziridwayo sapereka kumasuka kulikonse, ponse paŵiri m’mawu a umboni ndi m’chigamulo. Malinga ndi Khothi Lalikulu la ku Dutch, kukhala chete kwa munthu woganiziridwayo kungathandizenso kuti munthu agamulidwe ngati pali umboni wokwanira ndipo woganiziridwayo sanafotokozenso.
Kupatula apo, kukhala chete kwa wokayikirayo kutha kumveka ndikufotokozedwa ndi woweruza motere: “Wokayikiridwayo amakhala chete nthawi zonse pazomwe akuchita (…) motero sanatengepo gawo pazomwe wachita. ” Mkati mwa chiganizocho, wokayikiridwayo akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa chokhala chete kuti sanalape kapena kudandaula ndi zomwe adachita. Ngati oweruza agwiritsa ntchito ufulu wokhala chete ndi yemwe akuwakayikira akuganizira za chigamulocho, zimatengera kuwunika kwa woweruza ndipo atha kusiyanasiyana ndi woweruza aliyense.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wokhala chete kungakhale ndi zabwino kwa wokayikirayo, koma izi sizowopsa. Ndizowona kuti ufulu wakayikira wokhala chete uyenera kulemekezedwa. Komabe, zikafika pamlandu, oweruza amawona chete kukhala chete kwa omwe akuwakayikira ngati mwayi wawo. Kupatula apo, ufulu wokayikira wokhala chete umachitika nthawi zonse mosemphana ndi kuchuluka kwa milandu ndi kufunikira kwa ozunzidwa, abale omwe apulumuka kapena gulu lomwe lili ndi mayankho omveka pamafunso.
Kaya ndi nzeru kwa inu kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wokhala chete apolisi akamamvetsera kapena kumvetsera kumatengera zomwe mlanduwo ukuchita. Ndikofunika kuti mulumikizane ndi loya wazamalamulo musanapange chisankho chokhala chete. Law & Maloya ambiri amakhazikika pazamalamulo ndipo ali okondwa kupereka upangiri ndi/kapena thandizo. Kodi ndinu wozunzidwa kapena wachibale wotsalayo ndipo muli ndi mafunso okhudza ufulu wokhala chete? Ngakhale pamenepo Law & More'm maloya ali okonzeka kwa inu.
