Zofuna za chiwongola dzanja cha kampani poyerekeza ndi za eni masheya: zomwe lamulo la Dutch limafuna

Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands, otsogolera ayenera kuchita zinthu mokomera kampani ndi bizinesi yake, osati kungotsatira omwe ali ndi magawo omwe adawasankha. Ogawana amakhala ndi mphamvu zenizeni pamsonkhano waukulu komanso ku Enterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer), koma sangakakamize bungwe kuti lichite zinthu motsutsana ndi zomwe kampaniyo ikufuna.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza tanthauzo la chiwongola dzanja cha kampani (vennootschappelijk belang), chomwe chimapangitsa kuti eni masheya akhale ndi mphamvu, momwe bungweli lingatetezere kampaniyo komanso komwe mikangano imathera. Imagwira ntchito ku kampani yachinsinsi (BV) komanso kampani ya boma (NV).

Kodi chikhumbo cha kampani chimatanthauza chiyani?

Nkhani 2:129(5) ndi 2:239(5) za Dutch Civil Code (BW) zimafuna kuti otsogolera a NV ndi BV azitsogozedwa ndi chidwi cha kampaniyo ndi bizinesi yogwirizana nayo. Chidwi chimenecho chimaphatikizapo kubweza kwa eni masheya, komanso kupitiriza, antchito, obwereketsa ndi njira yanthawi yayitali.

Khoti Lalikulu (Hoge Raad) linakhazikitsa muyezo mu chigamulo chake cha ku Cancun cha pa 4 Epulo 2014 ( ECLI:NL:HR:2014:797 ). Pamene kampaniyo ikuyendetsa bizinesi, chidwi chake nthawi zambiri chimadalira makamaka pakulimbikitsa kupambana kwa bizinesiyo. Oyang'anira ayeneranso kusamalira zofuna za aliyense wokhudzidwa, ndipo sayenera kuvulaza zofunazo mosafunikira kapena mopanda malire.

Chigamulo chomwecho chikutsimikizira kuti director aliyense ali ndi udindowu mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani wamusankha. Director wosankhidwa ndi eni share m'modzi sayimira eni share mu board.

Kodi eni masheya angapereke malangizo a bungwe?

Mu BV, inde, ngati zolemba za bungwe zilola, koma bungwe siliyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe akusemphana ndi zofuna za kampaniyo (Nkhani 2:239(4) BW). Mu NV, zolembazo zitha kungopereka malangizo okhudza mfundo zonse (Nkhani 2:129(4) BW).

Kawirikawiri, mikangano nthawi zambiri imakhudza magawo a phindu. Mu BV, msonkhano waukulu umasankha kugawa, koma sikungagwire ntchito popanda chilolezo cha bungwe. Bungwe liyenera kukana ngati likudziwa kapena liyenera kuoneratu kuti kampaniyo sidzatha kulipira ngongole zake pambuyo pake (Nkhani 2:216(2) BW). Oyang'anira omwe avomereza kugawa akhoza kukhala ndi mlandu paokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kampaniyo (Nkhani 2:216(3) BW).

Wotsogolera yemwe ali ndi chidwi chaumwini mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina chomwe chimasemphana ndi chidwi cha kampaniyo sayenera kutenga nawo mbali pakukambirana ndi kupanga zisankho (Nkhani 2:129(6) ndi 2:239(6) BW). Kuti mudziwe muyezo wokwanira wa magwiridwe antchito ndi udindo waumwini, onani nkhani yathu yokhudza nthawi yomwe otsogolera amakhala ndi udindo payekha komanso udindo wa bungwe la oyang'anira.

Ndi mphamvu ziti zomwe eni masheya ali nazo?

Ogawana nawo magawo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo makamaka pamsonkhano waukulu. Malamulo a Zachikhalidwe amawapatsa ufulu wotsatirawu:

• Kuitanitsa msonkhano: Ogawana nawo omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa akhoza kupempha bungweli kuti liyitanitse msonkhano waukulu (Nkhani 2:110 ndi 2:220 BW). Ngati bungweli silichita izi, woweruza wothandiza pakanthawi angawalole kuti achite msonkhanowo okha (Nkhani 2:111 ndi 2:221 BW). Nkhanizi zitha kukhazikitsa malire otsika.
• Zinthu za pa ndondomeko: Mu NV, eni ake omwe ali ndi ndalama zosachepera 3% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa akhoza kuyika chinthu pa ndondomeko ya malonda ngati pempholo lifika ku kampaniyo masiku osachepera 60 msonkhano usanachitike (Nkhani 2:114a BW).
• Information: Bungweli liyenera kupereka uthenga wonse pamsonkhano wonse womwe likufuna, pokhapokha ngati chidwi cha kampaniyo chikutsutsa izi (Nkhani 2:107(2) ndi 2:217(2) BW).
• Kusankhidwa ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito: M'makampani ambiri msonkhano waukulu umasankha, kuyimitsa ntchito ndi kuchotsa otsogolera.
• Kufufuza: eni masheya omwe akukwaniritsa zomwe zili mu Article 2:346 BW, okha kapena pamodzi, akhoza kupempha Bungwe la Enterprise kuti liyitanitse kufufuza.

Zimene eni masheya ochepa angachite komanso zomwe sangachikakamize zafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza eni masheya ochepa ku Netherlands.

Kodi bungweli lingateteze bwanji kampaniyo ku kukakamizidwa ndi eni ake a eni ake?

Makampani aku Netherlands angagwiritse ntchito njira zodzitetezera, koma pokhapokha ngati njira yofanana komanso nthawi zambiri yoyankhira kwakanthawi ku chiwopsezo chenicheni ku chidwi cha kampaniyo. Bungweli liyenera kufotokozera chifukwa chake lamuloli limatumikira kampaniyo, osati chifukwa chake limateteza bungweli lokha.

Njira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Magawo ofunika kwambiri (prioriteitsaandelen): kupatsa gulu laling'ono, monga oyambitsa kapena bungwe, ufulu wapadera, mwachitsanzo kusankha otsogolera kapena kuvomereza kusintha kwa nkhanizo.
• Malisiti osungira (chitsimikizo): Bungwe (stichting administratiekantoor, STAK) limakhala ndi magawo ndi ufulu wawo wovota, pomwe amalonda amalandira ndalama zosungiramo ndalama pamodzi ndi ufulu wazachuma.
• Zogawana zomwe mumakonda: Bungwe loteteza limalandira mwayi wosankha magawo osankhidwa, omwe lingagwiritse ntchito kuti lichepetse masheya otsutsana nawo kwakanthawi.
• Kuvota mokhulupirika: Ogawana nawo magawo a nthawi yayitali amalandira mavoti owonjezera. Mabungwe awa amatsutsidwa ndipo amayesedwa motsutsana ndi zofuna za kampani komanso udindo wa omwe ali ndi magawo ochepa.

Kaya muyesowo ndi wofanana zimadalira chiwopsezo, nthawi yomwe kampaniyo idzakhalepo komanso ngati eni masheya angapezenso mphamvu pambuyo pake. Muyeso womwe umapangitsa bungweli kukhala losayankhidwa kwamuyaya sudzapulumuka kuunikanso ndi Bungwe la Enterprise.

Kodi Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber lingachite chiyani?

Bungwe la Makampani la Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo ndi khoti lapadera pa mikangano yamakampani. Pazochitika zofufuza (enquêteprocedure), likhoza kusankha ofufuza kuti afufuze mfundo ndi machitidwe a kampaniyo.

Pa nthawi ya milandu, ikhoza kulamula kuti pakhale njira zothanirana nthawi yomweyo (Article 2:349a BW). Ngati ipeza kuti kayendetsedwe kake sikayendetsedwa bwino, ikhoza kukhazikitsa njira zothanirana ndi Article 2:356 BW, monga kuyimitsa kapena kuthetsa zisankho za bungwe, kuyimitsa kapena kuchotsa otsogolera, kusankha otsogolera kwakanthawi ndi kusamutsa magawo kwa woyang'anira kwakanthawi.

Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025, lamulo losintha ndondomeko yothetsera mikangano ndikufotokozera zofunikira zovomerezeka za njira yofufuzira (Stb. 2024, 175) labweretsanso madandaulo oletsa ndi kuchotsa pakati pa eni masheya (geschillenregeling) ku Enterprise Chamber, nthawi imodzi komanso mwa pempho. Zotsatira zake, khothi limodzi lapadera tsopano likumvetsera milandu yonse yofufuza komanso mipata yambiri ya eni masheya; onani nkhani yathu pa Enterprise Chamber.

Milandu ndi yokwera mtengo komanso ya anthu onse. Mikangano yambiri imathetsedwa msanga kudzera mu zokambirana kapena kuyanjana, nthawi zina potengera njira yogulira katundu yomwe ili mu mgwirizano wa eni masheya.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati director?

• Lembani m'makalata a zomwe mwasankha zomwe mwasankha komanso chifukwa chake chisankhocho chikugwira ntchito ndi kampaniyo.
• Musanavomereze gawo la phindu, yesani ngati kampaniyo ingapitirize kulipira ngongole zake pambuyo pake; kwenikweni, bungweli likuyang'ana miyezi khumi ndi iwiri patsogolo.
• Onani ngati muli ndi mkangano wa zofuna zanu, ndipo ngati zili choncho, pewani chisankhocho.
• Onani ngati nkhanizo zimalola malangizo a eni masheya komanso ngati malangizowo akusemphana ndi zomwe kampaniyo ikufuna.
• Perekani msonkhano wonse chidziwitso chomwe ukupempha, pokhapokha ngati chidwi cha kampani chikutsutsa.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati shareholder?

• Chongani ufulu womwe nkhani ndi mgwirizano wa eni masheya zimakupatsani kupitirira malire omwe amaperekedwa ndi lamulo.
• Werengerani ngati mukukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyitanitsa msonkhano, nkhani yokhudza ndondomeko ya msonkhano kapena funso, nokha kapena ndi ena.
• Lembani mafunso ndi malingaliro anu pamsonkhano waukulu.
• Onetsetsani ngati njira yodzitetezera ndi yakanthawi kochepa komanso yogwirizana ndi chiwopsezo chenicheni.
• Gwirizanani njira yothetsera mavuto ndi kugula katundu mu mgwirizano wa eni masheya musanayambe mkangano.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ngati pali mkangano pakati pa eni masheya ndi bungwe?

Maloya athu amakampani amalangiza owongolera, owongolera oyang'anira ndi omwe ali ndi magawo a ma BV ndi ma NV Kuti mudziwe malamulo ambiri, onani nkhani yathu yokhudza dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka makampani ku Netherlands.

• Timayesa ngati malangizo a eni masheya kapena lingaliro la magawo a kampani likugwirizana ndi zomwe kampaniyo ikufuna.
• Timakonza zisankho za bungwe ndi zolemba za bungwe kuti zilembedwe zonse zokhudza zomwe zili mu akauntiyo.
• Timalemba kapena kusintha mfundo za mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wa eni masheya, kuphatikizapo mfundo zoletsa mgwirizano ndi zogula.
• Timakonzekera mapempho oti tiitanitse msonkhano kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zomwe zili mu ndondomeko ya msonkhano, ndikukuyimirani pamsonkhano waukulu.
• Timafufuza ndi kuletsa kapena kuchotsa zinthu ku Enterprise Chamber.

Chidule

• Oyang'anira a BV ndi NV ayenera kuchita zinthu mokomera kampani ndi bizinesi yake (Nkhani 2:239(5) ndi 2:129(5) BW).
• Chidwi chimenecho makamaka chimayang'ana kupambana kosatha kwa bizinesiyo, mosamala kwambiri kwa onse okhudzidwa (Cancun, ECLI:NL:HR:2014:797).
• Ogawana nawo gawo amakhudza kampaniyo kudzera mu msonkhano waukulu; mu BV, bungweli lingakane malangizo omwe akusemphana ndi zofuna za kampaniyo.
• Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhala zofanana komanso nthawi zambiri zosakhalitsa.
• Bungwe la Enterprise Chamber limasankha milandu yofufuza, ndipo kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025, mikangano yokhudza kuletsa ndi kuchotsa.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI