Kulamula m'malamulo aku Dutch: zomwe zafotokozedwa

Kuletsa lamulo la Dutch ndi kupempha: ufulu wokakamiza wa chipani chimodzi, wobwereketsa (schuldeiser), wofuna kuti chipani china chichite ntchito yake. Kuchita izi kungakhale kulipira ndalama, kutumiza katundu, kuchita chinthu, kapena kupewa kuchita chinthu. Kupempha kulipo pokhapokha ngati pali udindo, ndipo pansi pa lamulo la Dutch udindo ungachokere kokha kuchokera ku gwero lomwe lamulo limazindikira, makamaka mgwirizano, kuchita zinthu molakwika, kapena lamulo.

Kodi kulamula ndi chiyani, ndipo sikuli chiyani

Wobwereketsa ndi wobwereketsa: tanthauzo la kuvomereza malamulo m'malamulo aku Dutch

Chilango ndi mbali imodzi ya ubale walamulo. Buku 6 la Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) limatcha ubale umenewo kuti verbintenis, udindo. Poona kuchokera kumbali ya wobwereketsa ndi ngongole (schuld); poona kuchokera kumbali ya wobwereketsa ndi pempho (vordering). Awiriwa ndi ubale womwewo womwe wafotokozedwa kuchokera mbali zosiyana, ndichifukwa chake chitetezo chomwe chimawononga udindo chimawononga pempho limodzi nalo. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zomwe anthu nthawi zambiri samaziphonya. Kuvotera ngongole ndi chuma. Lamulo la Dutch limaona pempho ngati ufulu wa katundu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti lingagulitsidwe ndikupatsidwa, kuperekedwa ngati chikole, cholumikizidwa ndi omwe amabwereketsa ngongole, ndikuphatikizidwa mu chuma cha bankirapuse kapena imfa. Bizinesi yokhala ndi mbiri ya zobwezeredwa imakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chingalipiridwe, ndipo bizinesi yomwe kasitomala wake amakhala wosakwanitsa kulipira imakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chataya mtengo wake wambiri usiku umodzi. Limafotokozanso zomwe kuvotera ngongole si. Si invoice. Invoice ndi umboni wa pempho ndi pempho lolipira; pempholi lilipo chifukwa katundu adaperekedwa kapena ntchito idachitika motsatira mgwirizano, osati chifukwa chikalata chinaperekedwa. Komanso pempholi silili lofanana ndi pempho: kutumiza kalata sikupanga ufulu, ndipo chipani chomwe chilibe maziko ovomerezeka sichili ndi pempho ngakhale kuti chimalemba molimba mtima. Nkhani yathu yokhudzana ndi izi yokhudza kudzinenera ndi chiyani amafika pa nkhani yomweyi potengera momwe wobwereketsa akufunira kulipira.

Zinthu zitatu zomwe aliyense ayenera kukhala nazo

Zinthu zomwe zili mu mlandu wovomerezeka pansi pa lamulo la Dutch

Chikalata chomwe chidzapulumuka kuunikiridwa chili ndi zigawo zitatu, ndipo chofooka kwambiri mwa zitatuzi chimasankha zotsatira za mkangano. Choyamba ndi magulu. Payenera kukhala wobwereketsa wodziwika bwino komanso wobwereketsa wodziwika bwino. Zimenezo zikumveka ngati zazing'ono mpaka chikalatacho chitaperekedwa motsutsana ndi bungwe lolakwika m'gulu la makampani, kapena motsutsana ndi director payekha pomwe pangano linatha ndi kampaniyo, kapena pomwe gulu lomwe linachita nawo mgwirizano lagwirizana kapena kuthetsedwa. Kukhazikitsa yemwe ali ndi ngongole ya udindowo, ndikutsimikizira motsutsana ndi kaundula wamalonda, ndiye gawo loyamba mu fayilo iliyonse ndipo nthawi zambiri limasiyidwa. Chachiwiri ndi magwiridwe antchito (prestatie). Lamulo la ku Dutch limafuna kuti magwiridwe antchito atsimikizidwe kapena osachepera kutsimikizika. Chikalata cha ndalama inayake, chopereka katundu wofotokozedwa, chomaliza ntchito yomwe yafotokozedwa mu tsatanetsatane, kapena choletsa lamulo lofotokozedwa chimagwira ntchito. Chikalata cholipidwa chifukwa cha zovuta, popanda zina, sichili choncho, chifukwa khothi silingapereke chigamulo pa chinthu chomwe sichinafotokozedwe. Chachitatu ndi maziko alamulo (rechtsgrond). Lamulo la ku Dutch latsekedwa pankhaniyi: maudindo amabuka pokhapokha ngati lamulo likunena kuti amachita. M'machitidwe amenewo zikutanthauza imodzi mwa magwero ochepa.

Mgwirizano. Pangano lovomerezedwa mwalamulo limamanga maguluwo, ndipo maudindo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu amatsatiridwa malinga ndi zomwe zinavomerezedwa komanso zomwe zili zomveka komanso zachilungamo.
Mchitidwe wolakwika (onrechtmatige daad). Nkhani 6:162 ya Civil Code imakakamiza munthu amene wachita chinthu chosaloledwa kuti alipire kuwonongeka komwe winayo wakumana nako chifukwa cha zimenezi.
Lamulo. Maudindo ena amatsatira mwachindunji lamulo: maudindo osamalira m'malamulo a banja, ngongole za msonkho, ndi maudindo alamulo kwa antchito ndi zitsanzo.
Kulemera kosalungama ndi malipiro osayenerera. Munthu amene wapindula ndi ndalama za wina popanda chifukwa chovomerezeka ayenera kulipira ndalamazo mokwanira, ndipo ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa popanda chifukwa chovomerezeka zitha kubwezedwa ngati malipiro osayenera.
Kulowererapo mwaufulu (zaakwaarneming). Munthu amene amasamalira bwino zofuna za wina popanda kukakamizidwa kutero akhoza kubweza ndalama zomwe wawononga.

Kuzindikira maziko olondola si ntchito yophunzirira. Kumadziwitsa udindo wa umboni, nthawi yochepetsera mlandu, muyeso wa ndalama zomwe zawonongeka, komanso nthawi zambiri khoti lomwe lidzamvere mlanduwo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zopempha ndi chifukwa chake kusiyana kuli kofunika

Mitundu ya zopempha pansi pa lamulo la Dutch ndi momwe zimakhalira mu insolvency

Katswiri wa ku Dutch amasiyanitsa zopempha poyamba ndi zomwe zikufunidwa, kenako ndi chitetezo kapena zomwe zimayikidwa patsogolo. Kusiyanitsa konseku kumakhala ndi zotsatira zachindunji pazachuma. Malinga ndi zomwe zili mkati, magulu atatu akuluakulu ndi pempho lolipira ndalama, pempho loti achite bwino (nakoming), ndi pempho loti awonongedwe (schadevergoeding). Wobwereketsa akukumana ndi mnzake wolephera kulipira ngongole nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chisankho pakati pawo, ndipo chisankhocho ndi chanzeru. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumasunga mgwirizano kukhala wamoyo ndipo ndi njira yoyenera yomwe mnzakeyo angakwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Kuthetsa mgwirizano ndikupempha ndalama kumakubwezerani, pazachuma, komwe mukanakhala kuti mgwirizanowo wachitika, ndipo ndi njira yoyenera pomwe ubale wanu wasokonekera. Malamulo aku Dutch amalolanso wobwereketsa kuyimitsa ntchito yake pomwe winayo sakulipira, ndikulipira ngongole zonse ziwiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zothandiza kuposa milandu. Posankha, kusiyana komwe kumasankha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe wobwereketsa amawona ndi pakati pa zopempha zotetezedwa, zosankhidwa ndi wamba. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa magulu omwe ali ofunikira pamene wobwereketsa apezeka kuti alibe ndalama.

Category	Chomwe chiri	Chitsanzo chachizolowezi	Udindo pa nkhani ya kulephera kulipira ngongole
Chifuniro chotetezedwa	Chikalata chochirikizidwa ndi ufulu wolonjeza kapena ngongole ya nyumba pazinthu zinazake.	Ngongole ya banki yotetezedwa ndi ngongole ya nyumba yogulitsira.	Wamphamvu Kwambiri. Wobwereketsa wotetezedwa akhoza kulimbitsa chitetezo chake ngati kuti palibe bankirapuse.
Ngongole ya katundu	Ngongole yomwe inabwera chifukwa cha chuma pambuyo pa lamulo la bankirapuse.	Ndalama za woyang'anira nyumba, lendi ndi malipiro a nthawi yomwe lamulo lidaperekedwa.	Kulipira kuchokera ku chumacho kusanachitike madandaulo onse okhudza bankirapuse.
Chifuniro chapadera	Chonena chomwe lamulo limaika patsogolo.	Ngongole za msonkho zomwe zili ku Belastingdienst ndi ndalama zolipirira ku UWV.	Kulipira pamaso pa obwereketsa wamba, pambuyo pa ngongole za chuma.
Chifuniro chachizolowezi	Chikalata chopanda chitetezo komanso chopanda kufunika kwa malamulo.	Invoice yosalipidwa ya wogulitsa kapena ndalama zolipirira upangiri.	Kulipira pro rata kuchokera ku chilichonse chotsala, chomwe nthawi zambiri sichinthu chilichonse.
Chifuniro chogwirizana	Chiganizo chakuti magulu awiriwa agwirizana chili kumbuyo kwa ena.	Ngongole ya eni masheya yomwe yaperekedwa pansi pa banki.	Womaliza pamzere.

Phunziro kwa ogulitsa ndi losavuta koma losavuta: pempho lachizolowezi ndi malo ofooka kwambiri pamzere, ndipo nthawi yoti akonze ndi pamene pangano latha, osati pamene kasitomala wasiya kulipira. Chigamulo chosunga umwini chimasunga umwini wa katundu mpaka atalipidwa, ufulu wolonjeza zobwezedwa kapena masheya amasintha wobwereketsa wamba kukhala wotetezedwa, ndipo ufulu wosunga umalola kontrakitala kapena wokonza kuti asunge katunduyo mpaka biluyo itathetsedwa. Wogwira ntchitoyo Kusankhidwa kwa obwereketsa pa tsamba la bizinesi la boma la Dutch imafotokoza dongosolo lomwe woyang'anira amagawa chumacho.

Pamene pempho likuyamba kugwira ntchito: tsiku lomaliza, kusalephera kuchitapo kanthu ndi chidziwitso

Kuyambira tsiku lomaliza mpaka losatha: nthawi yonse ya chiwongola dzanja ku Netherlands

Kukhala ndi pempho ndi kutha kulitsatira ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Pali malire awiri pakati pawo. Choyamba ndi chakuti pempholo liyenera kukhala loyenera kulipira (opeisbaar). Pamene magulu agwirizana nthawi yolipira, pempholo limakhala loyenera kulipira nthawiyo ikatha. Pamene sanagwirizane chilichonse, limakhala loyenera kulipira nthawi yomweyo, ndipo nthawi yolipira yovomerezeka imagwira ntchito pa ma invoice pakati pa mabizinesi. Chachiwiri ndi kusakhulupirika (verzuim). Chiwongola dzanja, kuwonongeka kwa ntchito mochedwa ndi ndalama zosonkhanitsira ndalama zina nthawi zambiri zimayamba kugwira ntchito wobwereketsa akalephera kulipira. Kulephera kulipira nthawi zambiri kumafuna chidziwitso cholembedwa cha kusalipira (ingebrekestelling) chokhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yokwanira yochitira. Zimachitika zokha, popanda chidziwitso chilichonse, pamene tsiku lokhazikika la ntchito ladutsa, pomwe udindo umachokera ku cholakwa, pomwe wobwereketsa akunena kuti sadzagwira ntchito, kapena pamene ntchito yakhala yosatheka kwamuyaya. Chidziwitso cha kusagwira ntchito ndi kulephera kofala kwambiri m'mafayilo a Dutch. Wobwereketsa amene amathetsa mgwirizano kapena kupempha kuwonongeka kwa ntchito mochedwa popanda kuyika wobwereketsayo pa kusagwira ntchito bwino angapeze kuti pempho lonse lachotsedwa, osati chifukwa chakuti ngongoleyo sinali ndi ngongole koma chifukwa chakuti sitepe yomwe inapangitsa kuti ngongoleyo igwire ntchito sinachitikepo. Kwa ogula palinso lamulo lina lowonjezera musanapereke ndalama zilizonse zosonkhanitsira, monga kalata yovomerezeka ya masiku khumi ndi anayi, ndi chitsogozo chathu. kusonkhanitsa ngongole ku Netherlands ikufotokoza momwe kalatayo iyenera kulembedwera.

Kutsimikizira zomwe akunenazo

Lamulo la Dutch procedure limaika udindo wopereka umboni kwa munthu amene amadalira zotsatira zalamulo: wobwereketsa amatsimikizira mgwirizano ndi kutumiza, wobwereketsa amatsimikizira kulipira, mankhwala kapena chitetezo china chilichonse. Mwachizolowezi, pempho limapambana kapena kutayika pa fayilo osati pa mkangano. Chofunikira ndi mgwirizano ndi zikhalidwe zilizonse, ndi umboni wakuti zikhalidwezo zinaperekedwa kale kapena panthawi ya mgwirizano, chitsimikizo cha oda, umboni wa kutumiza kapena kuchita, invoice yokhala ndi umboni wotumiza, ndi makalata omwe wobwereketsa adatsutsa kapena sanatsutse invoice. Chete chimakhala ndi kulemera kwa umboni. Wobwereketsa amene amalandira ma invoice kwa miyezi ingapo popanda kutsutsa kenako n’kutsutsa khalidwe la ntchitoyo amakumana ndi funso lodziwikiratu kuti n’chifukwa chiyani palibe chomwe chinanenedwa panthawiyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, wobwereketsa amene sayankha madandaulo olembedwa angaone kuti zafooketsa udindo wake, chifukwa pempho lokhudza magwiridwe antchito osalongosoka lingaletsedwe ngati wobwereketsayo sanadziwitsidwe mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera pambuyo poti vutolo lapezeka.

Malire: nthawi yomwe pempho limakhalapo

Palibe kuletsa kubweza ngongole m'malamulo aku Dutch komwe kumakhala kosatha, ndipo malire (verjaring) amawononga zopempha zambiri kuposa chitetezo chilichonse pa zomwe zili mkati mwake. Lamulo lalikulu la kupempha kuti munthu akwaniritse udindo wake wa pangano ndi nthawi ya zaka zisanu, kuyambira tsiku lomwe pempholo linayamba kulipidwa. Zopempha za kuwonongeka zimadalira dongosolo lawo: zaka zisanu kuyambira tsiku lomwe munthu wovulalayo adazindikira kuwonongekako ndi munthu amene ali ndi mlandu, ndi nthawi yayitali yoyima ya zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene chochitikacho chinachitika, yomwe imakulitsidwa m'milandu inayake monga kuvulala kwa munthu. Chopempha cha wogula pansi pa pangano logulitsa chimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa, ndipo pomwe palibe lamulo lapadera lomwe likugwira ntchito, nthawi yotsalayo ndi zaka makumi awiri. Malire amatha kusokonezedwa. Chopempha cholembedwa kapena kulumikizana kolembedwa komwe wobwereketsa amasunga ufulu wake wochita bwino chimayamba nthawi yatsopano kuyambira tsiku lotsatira, monganso kuyamba kwa milandu kapena kuvomereza ngongole ndi wobwereketsa. Chomwe sichimasokoneza malire ndi chikumbutso chamkati, kuyimba foni kosayankhidwa, kapena mawu a akaunti otumizidwa popanda chizindikiro chilichonse choti malipiro akadali kupemphedwa. Kusunga makope a tsiku lililonse la pempho lililonse ndi chitetezo chotsika mtengo kwambiri chomwe chilipo. Nkhani yathu yokhudza lamulo la zoletsa mu lamulo la Dutch Chigamulo chimagwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane nthawi zonse. Chigamulo chimasintha chithunzicho. Khoti likakhazikitsa mlandu, ufulu wokakamiza chigamulocho umakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya zaka makumi awiri, yomwe ingathe kusokonezedwa yokha, kotero chigamulo chopezedwa motsutsana ndi wobwereketsa yemwe alibe chilichonse lero chimakhalabe chothandiza ngati zinthu za wobwereketsayo zisintha.

Kuchokera pa kufuna mpaka kuweruza

Kutumiza ndalama mu lamulo la Dutch kumayenda kuchokera ku pempho losalipidwa kupita ku ndalama mu akaunti kudzera m'magawo awiri, ndipo madandaulo ambiri sachoka pa oyamba. Gawo logwirizana (minnelijk traject) limakhala ndi chikumbutso, pempho lovomerezeka, ndipo ngati pakufunika chidziwitso cha kusalipira ndi dongosolo lolipira. Bungwe losonkhanitsa ndalama likhoza kulangizidwa panthawiyi, ndipo kuyambira pomwe lamulo la Debt Collection Services Quality Act lidakhazikitsidwa, mabungwe otere ayenera kulembedwa mu kaundula wa opereka chithandizo chosonkhanitsa ngongole omwe amasungidwa ndi Justis. Chomwe bungwe silingachite ndikukakamiza chilichonse: lili ndi mphamvu zenizeni za wobwereketsa yemwe adalilangiza, zomwe zikutanthauza mphamvu yolemba ndikukambirana. Gawo la milandu (gerechtelijk traject) limayamba ndi kalata yopempha (dagvaarding) yoperekedwa ndi bailiff (gerechtsdeurwaarder), wogwira ntchito m'boma wosankhidwa ndi lamulo lachifumu. Madandaulo a ndalama mpaka malire alamulo a khothi lachigawo, ndipo mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa milandu yonse yokhudza ntchito, lendi, ngongole ya ogula ndi kugulitsa kwa ogula, imamvedwa ndi kantonrechter, komwe kuyimilira kwalamulo sikokakamiza. Madandaulo akuluakulu komanso ovuta kwambiri amapita ku khoti lachigawo, komwe kumafunika kuimiridwa ndi loya. Ngati wobwereketsa sapezeka, chigamulo chimaperekedwa mosalephera; ngati chikapezeka, pamakhala kusinthana mawu olembedwa, nthawi zambiri kumvetsera pakamwa, kenako chigamulo.

Kukakamiza chigamulocho

Chigamulo chimapatsa wobwereketsa udindo wovomerezeka (executoriale titel). Woyang'anira nyumba amapereka kopi yovomerezeka ya wobwereketsa pamodzi ndi pempho la malipiro, ndipo pambuyo pake pokhapokha ngati kukakamizidwako kungatsatire. Kuchokera pamenepo, wobwereketsa nyumba amatha kuyika malipiro kapena maubwino m'manja mwa olemba ntchito kapena bungwe lolipira, kuyika ndi kuchotsa maakaunti akubanki, kulanda ndi kugulitsa katundu wosunthika, ndikulembetsa chomangira pa katundu wosasuntha chomwe chimapangitsa kuti agulitse mokakamiza. Magawo mu kampani nawonso akhoza kulumikizidwa. Potsutsana ndi mphamvu zimenezo, lamulo limakhazikitsa malire omwe wobwereketsa ayenera kuganizira zomwe akuyembekezera. Ndalama zochepa zotetezedwa, beslagvrije voet, ziyenera kusiyidwa kwa wobwereketsa payekha, ndipo zimawerengedwa ndi wobwereketsa kuchokera ku deta ya ndalama zovomerezeka. Katundu wofunikira pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zida zomwe wobwereketsa amafunikira kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo sizingagwidwe. Palibe kumangidwa chifukwa cholephera kulipira ngongole. Pamene obwereketsa angapo akukakamiza nthawi imodzi, amagawana zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu kaundula wapakati, kotero kukhala woyamba nthawi sikofunikira kuposa kukhala wowona mtima pa zomwe zikuyenera kusonkhanitsa.

Kusamutsa, kulonjeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pempho ngati chuma

Chifukwa chopempha ndi ufulu wa katundu, chimatha kusunthidwa ndikuvutitsidwa, ndipo mabizinesi amachita izi nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri osafotokoza izi m'mawu amenewo. Ntchito (cessie) imasamutsa chopemphacho kwa wobwereketsa watsopano. chilamulo Akudziwa mitundu iwiri. Mu gawo la boma, pempho limasamutsidwa ndi chikalata ndipo wobwereketsa amapatsidwa chidziwitso; kuyambira nthawi imeneyo wobwereketsa amatha kungochotsa ngongoleyo polipira wobwereketsa watsopano. Mu gawo losakhalitsa, kusamutsa kumachitika ndi chikalata cha notarial kapena chikalata chachinsinsi cholembetsedwa ndi akuluakulu amisonkho, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chomwe chimaperekedwa, momwe ndalama zolipirira zimakonzedwera nthawi zambiri: kasitomala amapitiliza kulipira wogulitsa woyamba mpaka wobwereketsa atasankha kuulula gawolo. Ufulu wolonjeza pa zolipirira umagwira ntchito mofananamo ndipo ndiye chitetezo chofala kwambiri chomwe banki yaku Dutch imatenga bizinesi yogulitsa. Apanso lonjezolo likhoza kuulula kapena kuulula, ndipo lonjezo losaululidwa limasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ma invoice atsopano aphimbidwe. Malire awiri ndi ofunika kudziwa. Choyamba, mgwirizano ukhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa gawo, ndipo pamene gawolo lalembedwa kuti likhudze pempholo m'malo mongopanga lonjezo la pangano, gawo lophwanya lamulolo silikugwira ntchito konse. Khoti Lalikulu Lagamula kuti gawo lotereli likuwoneka kuti likugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati mawu ake akusonyeza kuti maguluwo akufuna kuti pempholi lisasinthidwe, kotero kulemba kolondola kumasankha ngati wobwereketsa akupeza chilichonse. Ogula ma portfolios olandilidwa ndi mabizinesi omwe amadalira kuwerengera ayenera kuwerenga gawo la ntchito mu mgwirizano uliwonse wofunikira asanaganize kuti zolandilidwa zawo ndi zolandilidwa. Kachiwiri, wobwereketsa amakhala ndi chitetezo chake. Wopatsidwa ntchito amapeza pempholo momwe lilili, kuphatikiza ufulu uliwonse wobweza ngongole, mkangano uliwonse wokhudza momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito komanso mgwirizano uliwonse wochedwetsa malipiro. Kugula pempho popanda kuwona fayilo yoyambira ndikugula mlandu.

Zofuna za malire: lamulo liti ndi khoti liti

Pamene wobwereketsa ndi wobwereketsa akhazikitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana, mafunso awiri amabwera patsogolo pa mfundo. Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limayang'anira pempholi, ndi khoti liti lomwe lingamve. Pa milandu ya mgwirizano mkati mwa European Union, lamulo loyenera limatsimikiziridwa ndi Rome I Regulation. Magulu ali ndi ufulu wosankha, ndipo ngati sanatero, lamuloli limatchula lamulo la dziko lomwe chipani chomwe chikuchita izi chimakhala nthawi zonse, lomwe pogulitsa katundu ndi wogulitsa ndipo pa mgwirizano wautumiki ndi wopereka chithandizo. Zopempha zolakwira milandu zimayendetsedwa ndi Rome II Regulation, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaloza ku lamulo la dziko lomwe kuwonongeka kumachitika. Ulamuliro umayendetsedwa ndi Brussels I bis Regulation, yomwe imalola wotsutsidwa wokhala m'dziko lomwe lili membala kumangidwa m'makhothi a boma limenelo, ndipo, pa milandu ya mgwirizano, m'makhothi a komwe katunduyo adaperekedwa kapena ntchito zinaperekedwa. Gawo la ulamuliro mu mgwirizano nthawi zambiri limaposa zonse ziwiri. Chigamulo chikaperekedwa, chimazindikirika ndikutsatiridwa mu Union yonse popanda kulengeza kwapakati kwa kukakamiza, zomwe zimapangitsa chigamulo cha ku Dutch kukhala chothandiza mwachindunji motsutsana ndi wobwereketsa yemwe adakhazikitsidwa kwina ku Europe. Pa zopempha ndalama zopitilira malire zosatsutsika pali njira yosavuta mu njira yolipira ku Europe, ndipo pa zopempha zazing'ono njira yofunsira ngongole zazing'ono ku Europe imagwira ntchito kwambiri polemba. Zonsezi ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa zochitika wamba ndipo palibe chomwe chimafuna loya, ngakhale kuwunika njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndikofunikira kulangizidwa musanatumize kalata yoyamba.

Zolakwa zomwe zimawononga zonena zabwino

Madandaulo ambiri omwe amalephera anali omveka bwino akayamba. Amatayika pambuyo pake, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'njira imodzi mwa izi. Obwereketsa amalola nthawi yochepetsera kupitirira pamene akukambirana, poganiza kuti kulankhula kumasunga pempholo. Sizitero; koma kungosunga ufulu wolembedwa, kuvomereza kapena zochitika kumachita zimenezo. Obwereketsa amathetsa mgwirizano kapena kupempha ndalama popanda chidziwitso choyenera cha kusalipira, kenako nkupeza kukhoti kuti wobwereketsayo sanalephere kulipira. Obwereketsa amadalira zinthu zomwe sizinaperekedwe. Pansi pa lamulo la Dutch, malamulo okhazikika amatha kuthetsedwa ngati wogwiritsa ntchito sanapatse winayo mwayi wokwanira wowalemba asanayambe kapena panthawi yopereka mgwirizano, ndipo limodzi ndi malamulo okhudza chiwongola dzanja, ndalama ndi malire a udindo. Obwereketsa amamanga mlandu bungwe lomwe sililipo, kapena kampani yolakwika m'gulu, ndipo ayenera kuyambanso. Obwereketsa, kumbali yawo, amawononga udindo wawo makamaka mwa chete. Kunyalanyaza invoice, pempho, kuitana kapena chidziwitso cha bailiff sikuchepetsa ntchitoyi; kumaifulumizitsa, chifukwa pempho losatetezedwa limaperekedwa mosalephera. Wobwereka ngongole amene akutsutsa pempho ayenera kutero polemba, mwachangu, ndi zifukwa, ndipo ayenera kuyankha pempho mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwamo. Mkangano wolembedwa womwe wapangidwa panthawi yoyenera nthawi zambiri umakhala wofunika kwambiri kuposa chitetezo chomwe chapangidwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza zopempha pansi pa lamulo la Dutch

Mafunso awiri amabuka pafupifupi pa nkhani iliyonse yokhudza kuletsa mgwirizano. Mayankho omwe ali pansipa ndi afupiafupi; momwe zinthu zilili pa nkhani iliyonse zimadalira mgwirizano ndi mfundo zake.

Kodi kulembetsa kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Monga ufulu wambiri wovomerezeka, kuletsa kubweza ngongole sikukhalitsa kwamuyaya. Kumakhala ndi malire a nthawi, omwe amadziwika mu malamulo aku Dutch kuti verjaring , kapena lamulo la malire. Pazinthu zambiri zomwe bizinesi ndi ogula zomwe mungakumane nazo, nthawiyi ndi zaka zisanu , kuyambira tsiku lomwe malipirowo anali oyamba.

Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomalizayi isanathe. Zaka zisanu zikadutsa, ufulu wanu wovomerezeka wosonkhanitsa ngongoleyo ukhoza kuthetsedwa kwathunthu. Komabe, ngati mutengera nkhaniyi kukhoti ndikupeza chigamulo chotsimikizira zomwe mwanenazo, nthawiyo imayambiranso ndipo imapitirira kwambiri—chiweruzo cha khoti nthawi zambiri chimagwira ntchito kwa zaka 20.

Kodi ndingagulitse malonda anga a vordering?

Inde, mungathedi. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino ku Netherlands yotchedwa cessie , yomwe ndi mawu ovomerezeka oti kupereka kapena kusamutsa pempho lanu kwa wina. Nthawi zambiri, mabizinesi amagulitsa madandaulo awo omwe atsala ku bungwe lapadera losonkhanitsa ngongole.

Kuti kusamutsa kumeneku kugwire ntchito mwalamulo, pali gawo limodzi lofunika: wobwereka ayenera kudziwitsidwa mwalamulo. Akangodziwitsidwa mwalamulo za ndalama zomwe wabweza , udindo wake mwalamulo umasinthasintha. Kuyambira pamenepo, ayenera kulipira wobwereka watsopano, osati woyamba.

Ndiye kusiyana kotani pakati pa kuvotera ndi factuur (invoice)? Taganizirani izi motere: kuvotera ndi ufulu wofunikira womwe muyenera kulipidwa. Factuur ndi pepala—chikalata—chomwe chimatsimikizira ndi kufotokoza bwino zimenezo. Invoice ndi pempho lovomerezeka la malipiro lomwe limachokera mwachindunji ku votera.

Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi invoice iliyonse imayimira kuvomereza ngongole , si madandaulo onse omwe amayamba ndi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pempho la kuwonongeka kwa ndalama pambuyo pa ngozi ya galimoto ndi kuvomereza ngongole komwe sikukhudza invoice konse.

Law & More Amalangiza obwereketsa ndi obwereketsa pa zopempha motsatira malamulo aku Dutch: kuwunika ngati pali chopempha ndipo ndani akutsutsa, kulemba zidziwitso za kusakwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa komanso zomwe zikupitilira, kupeza zopempha kudzera mu kusunga umwini, lonjezo kapena chikole chotsimikizira kuti mwalandira chiweruzo, ndikuyendetsa milandu pamaso pa makhothi ang'onoang'ono ndi achigawo. Ngati muli ndi ngongole, kapena mwalandira pempho lomwe mukukhulupirira kuti silili lolondola, maloya athu alipo kuti ayang'anenso fayiloyo.