Kampani yamalamulo ya mabanja ku Netherlands: mungasankhe bwanji yoyenera?

Kampani yabwino ya zamalamulo a mabanja ku Netherlands imayang'anira malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch ngati njira yaikulu, imatha kuthana ndi milandu yodutsa malire ndipo imakuuzani ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito isanayambe. Nthawi zonse mumafunika loya waku Dutch (woyimira milandu) kuti muthetse banja, chifukwa loya yekha ndi amene angatumize pempholi kukhothi; kupatulapo kuthetsa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa wopanda ana aang'ono, zomwe zingachitike mwa mgwirizano.

Bukuli likufotokoza zomwe malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch amaphimba komanso zomwe zimakuthandizani kuyerekeza makampani. Ngati mlandu wanu ukukhudza katundu wa bizinesi kapena chuma chakunja, onani buku lathu lotsogolera posankha kampani yamalamulo ya mabanja pamilandu yovuta yosudzulana.

Kodi lamulo la mabanja la ku Dutch limaphimba chiyani?

Malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch (persone- en familierecht) amakhudza chisudzulo, ulamuliro wa makolo ndi kulumikizana, kusamalira, kulera ana ndi kutenga ana, zomwe zimayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi Buku 1 la Dutch Civil Code (BW). Pakusiyana kamodzi, madera angapo nthawi zambiri amalumikizana.

Khothi ku Netherlands nthawi zonse limavomereza chisudzulo (echtscheiding); notary sangathetse ukwati. Ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono, dongosolo la kulera ana (ouderschapsplan) liyenera kuperekedwa pamodzi ndi pempholi motsatira Nkhani 815 ya Code of Civil Procedure (Rv). Ubwenzi wolembetsedwa wopanda ana aang'ono ukhoza kuthetsedwa ndi mgwirizano wosainidwa ndi loya kapena notary.

Mu zisankho zokhudzana ndi ulamuliro wa makolo (gezag) ndi kulumikizana (omgangsregeling), zabwino za mwana ndiye muyezo waukulu, ndipo ulamuliro wogwirizana wa makolo umapitirira pambuyo pa chisudzulo mwachisawawa. Werengani zambiri za nthawi yomwe makonzedwe olumikizana angalepheretsedwe.

Ndalama zothandizira mwana ndi mnzanu (zakudya) zimawerengedwa motsatira malangizo a Trema a khoti la ku Netherlands, kutengera zosowa za mwana kapena mnzanu komanso momwe makolo onse awiri amalipirira. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2020, nthawi zambiri kusamalira mnzanuyo kumatenga zaka zosachepera zisanu.

Kutenga mwana nthawi zonse kumafuna chigamulo cha khoti. Kutenga mwana m'nyumba, kuphatikizapo kutenga mwana wa m'banja la makolo opeza ndi olera, kudakali kotheka. Boma la Dutch likuletsa kutenga mwana m'dziko lina ndipo silikulandiranso ma fomu atsopano; mafayilo omwe akuchitika kale akumalizidwa.

Kwa abambo osakwatira, tsiku lovomereza mwana ndi lofunika. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2023, kuvomereza mwana nthawi zambiri kumapatsa makolo onse awiri ulamuliro wogwirizana; kwa ana omwe avomerezedwa tsiku limenelo lisanafike, ulamuliro wogwirizana uyenera kulembedwabe mu kaundula wa ana osamalira ana (gezagsregister) kapena kuperekedwa ndi khoti.

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zimakuthandizani kusankha kampani ya zamalamulo ya mabanja?

Yang'anani zinthu zisanu: ukatswiri, chidziwitso cha mayiko ena, kusankha pakati pa kuyimira milandu ndi milandu, ndalama zowonekera bwino komanso kupezeka pa nkhani zachangu. Chilichonse n'chosavuta kuchiwona mukayamba kukambirana.

Kodi malamulo a m'banja ndi ofunikira kwambiri?

Kampani yomwe malamulo a mabanja ndi njira yaikulu imatsatira malamulo atsopano ndi malamulo a milandu mosamala. Funsani loya kuti amayang'anira milandu ingati ya chisudzulo ndi kusunga ana komanso ngati imawonekera nthawi zonse pamaso pa woweruza milandu ya mabanja ku Khoti Lalikulu.

Kodi kampaniyo ingathetse milandu yokhudza mayiko ena?

Mabanja ambiri ku Netherlands ali ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, katundu wawo kunja kapena ana obadwira kwina. M'milandu yotereyi, EU Regulation 2019/1111 (Brussels II ter), Hague Child Abduction Convention ya 1980 ndi Hague Child Protection Convention ya 1996 nthawi zambiri amasankha khoti lomwe lili ndi ulamuliro. Funsani ngati loya amagwira ntchito m'chinenero chanu ndipo waweruza milandu motsatira malamulo awa.

Kodi kampaniyo imaganiza zothetsa mkangano?

Si milandu yonse ya m'banja yomwe imafunika kukhoti. Mkhalapakati angakuthandizeni kuti mugwirizane, kenako loya mmodzi amapempha kuti mugwirizane. Loya wabwino amafufuza msanga ngati kuyimira mlandu kapena milandu ikugwirizana ndi mlandu wanu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pempho logwirizana limakhala lachangu komanso lotsika mtengo.

Kodi ndalama zolipirira zimakhala zomveka kuyambira pachiyambi?

Funsani mtengo wa ola limodzi, ndalama zokhazikika za chisudzulo chosatsutsidwa ngati ziperekedwa, ndi chiyerekezo pa gawo lililonse. Funsaninso ngati mukuyenerera thandizo la zamalamulo lothandizidwa ndi boma (gesubsidieerde rechtsbijstand kapena toevoeging) kudzera mu Legal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), zomwe zimadalira ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso katundu wanu.

Kodi loya angathe kupezeka ngati pakufunika thandizo mwachangu?

Nkhani za m'banja zimatha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri usiku wonse, mwachitsanzo pamene kholo likuopseza kuti litenga mwana kupita naye kunja. Kenako mungafunike njira zochepetsera nthawi (voorlopige voorzieningen) motsatira Article 821 Rv kapena mwachidule zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa masiku angapo. Funsani momwe kampaniyo imachitira ndi zopempha zadzidzidzi.

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani musanapereke malangizo kwa loya wa mabanja?

• Kaya loyayo adalembetsedwa ndi Netherlands Bar (Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten) ndipo amachita malamulo a mabanja nthawi zonse.
• Kaya mwalandira kalata yolembedwa yokhudza chikwati yokhala ndi dongosolo la ndalama zolipirira komanso mtengo wake.
• Kaya mutha kulandira thandizo lazamalamulo lolipidwa ndi boma kuchokera ku Raad voor Rechtsbijstand.
• Ngati loya ali ndi chidziwitso ndi Brussels II ter ndi Hague Conventions ngati mlandu wanu ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Kaya kuyimira pakati kapena pempho logwirizana lawonedwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa milandu.
• Zikalata zomwe mukufuna: satifiketi ya ukwati, zikalata zobadwa za ana, tsatanetsatane wa ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso mgwirizano uliwonse wa ukwati.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani pankhani ya malamulo a banja?

athu maloya apabanja in Eindhoven ndi Amsterdam ntchito kwa makasitomala achi Dutch ndi akunja, mu Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi.

• Timalemba fomu yanu yopempha chisudzulo ndikulemba ndondomeko yopezera chisudzulo ndi kulera ana.
• Timawerengera kusamalira mwana ndi mnzanu pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a Trema.
• Timasamalira milandu yokhudza ulamuliro wa makolo, kulankhulana ndi kusamalira ana padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo kuba anthu motsatira mgwirizano wa Hague.
• Timapempha njira zochepetsera nthawi kapena zochitika zachidule ngati nkhani ikufunika kuthetsedwa mwachangu.
• Timalangiza za kulera ana m'nyumba, kuvomereza ndi kuzindikira kusudzulana kwa anthu akunja.
• Tikugwirizana nanu polemba dongosolo la ndalama zolipirira tisanayambe.

Chidule

• Chisudzulo ku Netherlands nthawi zonse chimadutsa kukhoti ndipo chimafuna loya kuti apereke pempholi.
• Kwa ana aang'ono, dongosolo la kulera ana ndilofunikira malinga ndi Article 815 Rv.
• Yerekezerani makampani pa ntchito zawo zapadera, luso lawo lapadziko lonse, kuyanjana, kuwonekera bwino kwa ndalama zomwe amalipiritsa komanso kupezeka kwa makampani.
• M'milandu yodutsa malire, Brussels II ter ndi Hague Conventions nthawi zambiri zimasankha khoti lomwe lili ndi ulamuliro.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI