Kaya gridi yamagetsi kapena gasi ikuyenera kukhala yotsekedwa ndikofunika kwambiri. Chiyeneretsocho chimatsimikizira ngati mwiniwake angapemphe ku ACM kuti avomerezedwe, kapena m'malo mwake akuyenera kusankha woyendetsa gridi, komanso udindo womwe mwiniwakeyo ali nawo kwa anthu ogwirizana.
Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2026 nkhaniyi yakhala ikulamulidwa ndi Dutch Energy Act (Energiewet), yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa mawu oti "dongosolo logawa lotsekedwa" ndi kuchotsedwa komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuzindikirika ngati dongosolo lotsekedwa, kutsatiridwa ndi kusankhidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Munkhaniyi tikuyang'ana zofunikira zalamulo za Article 3.7 Energiewet imodzi ndi imodzi. Kuti timvetse bwino, tikuyang'ana nkhani yathu yowunikira ma gridi achinsinsi ndi machitidwe ogawa otsekedwa.
Choyamba: kodi pali dongosolo lililonse?
Zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Article 3.7 Energiewet, choyamba ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti pali njira yogawa.
Dongosolo logawa magetsi ndi gulu la zingwe ndi zida zogwirizana nazo zonyamulira magetsi osakwana 110 kV. Dongosolo logawa mpweya limakhudza mayendedwe a gasi am'deralo kapena am'deralo, kupatula netiweki yopanga gasi.
Kuphatikiza apo, Energiewet imazindikira kukhazikitsa ndi mzere wolunjika ngati magulu osiyana. Kukhazikitsa kumakhala kumbuyo kwa malo olumikizirana ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuyendetsedwa ndi gulu limodzi lolumikizidwa; sikupanga gridi. Mzere wolunjika ndi kulumikizana kosiyana pakati pa kukhazikitsa kopanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amodzi kapena angapo, komwe udindo wodziwitsa ku ACM umagwira ntchito. Kusiyana pakati pa magulu atatuwa ndi koona ndipo kumafunika kusamalidwa mosamala.
Mikhalidwe yonse ya Article 3.7 Energiewet
Akangotsimikizira kuti pali njira yogawa, ACM imayesa ngati zofunikira za Article 3.7, ndime yoyamba, Energiewet zakwaniritsidwa. Izi zimagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo zonse: zinthu zonse ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa kuti zidziwike ngati njira yotsekedwa kuti zitheke. Zinthu zazikulu zikukambidwa pansipa.
Palibe woyendetsa ntchito yemwe alipo kale komanso osati m'gulu la zomangamanga
Palibe woyendetsa amene angakhale atasankhidwa kale pa dongosololi, ndipo dongosololi silingakhale gawo la gulu la zomangamanga. Izi zikuonekeratu, koma ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino pakukonzanso ma gridi omwe alipo kapena pogula malo omwe woyendetsayo akugwira ntchito kale.
Malo okhala ndi malire a malo okhala ndi maulalo aukadaulo, bungwe kapena ntchito
Dongosololi liyenera kukhala mkati mwa malo a mafakitale kapena amalonda omwe ali ndi malire, kapena malo omwe ali ndi ntchito zofanana, monga paki ya mankhwala, doko kapena malo a mafakitale, paki yamalonda, kapena malo olima maluwa obiriwira. Kuphatikiza apo, lamulo limafuna kuti dongosololi likhale ndi maulalo aukadaulo, bungwe kapena ntchito mkati mwa malo amenewo. Chifukwa chake, kufotokoza malo sikokwanira; payeneranso kukhala kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa dongosololi ndi malo omwe lili.
Magulu ochepera chikwi omwe alumikizidwa
Ogwiritsa ntchito ochepera chikwi sangalumikizidwe ku dongosololi. Chifukwa chake, anthu okwana chikwi omwe alumikizidwa sagweranso pansi pa malire a lamulo; mazana asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chingatheke pansi pa izi. Pamalo ambiri opangira mafakitale izi sizovuta, koma m'mapaki akuluakulu amalonda ndi m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuganiziridwa, mwachitsanzo pankhani ya anthu obwereka ang'onoang'ono omwe ali kumbuyo kwa kulumikizana kogawana. Njira yowerengera yeniyeni pamilandu yotereyi sinafotokozedwe bwino m'lamulo; pomwe mukukayikira, tikupangira kuti izi zigwirizane ndi ACM pasadakhale.
Palibe ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba
Dongosolo lotsekedwa, kwenikweni, silingapereke kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba. Chifukwa chake ndi chitetezo cha ogula: mabanja ali pagulu la anthu onse, ndi chitetezo chofanana. Lamulo limalola kupatula pang'ono kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba ochepa omwe amagwira ntchito ndi, kapena omwe ali ndi ubale wofanana ndi, mwiniwake wa dongosololi, monga okhala m'kampani yomwe ikukhala pamalopo. Kupatula kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi malamulo aku Europe.
Njira zophatikizana kapena kugawa kwa mwiniwake
Pomaliza, chimodzi mwa zinthu ziwiri zofunika ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa. Kaya bizinesi kapena njira zopangira za magulu ogwirizana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosololi pazifukwa zinazake zaukadaulo kapena zachitetezo, monga momwe zimakhalira pagulu la mankhwala komwe kuyika makampani osiyanasiyana kumalumikizidwa motsatira njira ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi. Kapena dongosololi limagawa makamaka magetsi kapena gasi kwa mwiniwake kapena woyendetsa dongosololi, kapena kumakampani ogwirizana. Kulumikizana kwachuma pakati pa magulu ogwirizana sikukwanira malinga ndi malamulo; ACM imafuna kutsimikizika kotsimikizika kwa kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo kapena kugawa koyamba kwa mwiniwake.
Chitetezo, kudalirika ndi mulingo wamagetsi
Kuphatikiza apo, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makinawa kuyenera kutetezedwa mokwanira, ndipo pamagetsi payenera kukhala magetsi okwanira 220 kV. Pa makina omwe sanapangidwebe, kuzindikira kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale akangolandira zilolezo zofunikira, kuchotsera ndi zilolezo.
Nthawi yosankha ya ACM
Malinga ndi Nkhani 3.54, ndime yoyamba, Energieregeling, ACM iyenera kusankha fomu yopempha kuti ivomerezedwe mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawiyi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kamodzi, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Olembera ntchito angachite bwino kuganizira nthawi yotsogolera iyi pokonzekera malonda kapena pulojekiti yomwe ikufunika kuvomerezedwa ngati njira yotsekedwa.
Kuyambira kuzindikirika mpaka kusankhidwa kwa woyendetsa
Kuzindikira dongosolo ndi ACM motsatira Nkhani 3.7 Energiewet sikofanana ndi kusankha woyendetsa. Dongosolo likangovomerezedwa, ACM imasankha, pofunsira, woyendetsa wosankhidwa ndi mwiniwake, motsatira Nkhani 3.6 Energiewet. Pa machitidwe omwe alipo omwe ali ndi ufulu wakale, Nkhani 7.32 Energiewet imapereka lamulo losinthira: mwiniwake wa dongosolo lotere amaonedwa kuti, kwa nthawi yotsala ya ufulu, ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wozindikira ndi kusankha nthawi.
Zotsatira za kuzindikirika
Kuzindikirika ngati njira yotsekedwa kumabweretsa maudindo akeake, osiyana ndi zofunikira zozindikirika zokha. Udindo wolumikizirana ndi woyendetsa umayendetsedwa makamaka kuposa udindo wamba. Malinga ndi Nkhani 3.105, ndime yoyamba, Energiewet, woyendetsa ayenera, pa pempho, kupereka chopereka chomangira kapena kusintha cholumikizira, ndipo, pa pempho, kupereka chopereka chopereka, kuyang'anira ndi kusunga cholumikiziracho komanso chonyamulira. Woyendetsa akhoza kukana ngati palibe mphamvu yonyamulira yokwanira, bola ngati kukanako kwatsimikiziridwa bwino.
Misonkho ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo imayendetsedwanso mwalamulo: motsatira Article 3.114, ndime yoyamba, Energiewet, misonkho iyenera kutengera njira yowerengera yomwe yafalitsidwa pasadakhale ndipo iyenera kukhala yoganizira mtengo, yowonekera bwino komanso yopanda tsankho. ACM, pambuyo pa dandaulo, ingafune kusintha kwa njirayo kapena mtengo wake.
Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lotsekedwa silimachotsedwa pakuwongolera kuchulukana kwa anthu. Malinga ndi Nkhani 3.104, ndime yoyamba, Energiewet, maudindo enaake ochokera mu Chaputala 9 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lotsekedwa.
Netcode elektriciteit (Electricity Grid Code) imafuna, ngati pali kusowa kwa mphamvu zoyendera, kuti pakhale kafukufuku, pakati pa zinthu zina, waukadaulo, kasamalidwe ka kuchulukana kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi kuchulukana kwa zinthu, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zina kuchokera ku Netcode elektriciteit ndi Informatiecode elektriciteit en gas (Information Code Electricity and Gas) pankhani ya njira zamsika ndi mauthenga apakompyuta. Kaya, komanso mpaka pati, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amagwera pansi pa gawo lililonse la Mutu 9 monga wogwiritsa ntchito grid zimadalira udindo wake ndipo zimafuna kuwunika kwa mlandu uliwonse.
Kuchotsa kuzindikira
Kuzindikirika ngati njira yotsekedwa sikuli kotetezeka kwamuyaya. Malinga ndi Article 3.2 Energiebesluit, ACM ikhoza kuchotsa kuvomerezako, pakati pa zinthu zina pamene zikhalidwe za Article 3.7 Energiewet sizikukwaniritsidwanso, pomwe dongosolo silikuyang'aniridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito wosankhidwayo, ngati pakhala kuphwanya zina mwa maudindo a wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, kapena ngati pempholo linali ndi chidziwitso cholakwika kapena chosakwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsa ndi zotsatira zenizeni zalamulo, osati kungoganiza chabe.
Chimango cha ku Ulaya
Miyezo ya dziko lonse ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Article 38 ya Directive (EU) 2019/944 yamagetsi ndi Article 28 ya Directive (EU) 2009/73 ya gasi. Zonsezi zikunena za malo kapena malo omwe ali ndi malire a mafakitale kapena amalonda omwe ali ndi ntchito zogawana, kuchotsedwa kwa makasitomala apakhomo kupatula kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwangozi ndi mabanja ochepa olumikizidwa, kuphatikiza pazifukwa zinazake zaukadaulo kapena zachitetezo kapena kugawa koyamba kwa mwiniwake, woyendetsa kapena mabungwe ogwirizana nawo, kuthekera kopanda chilolezo cha msonkho wakale, ndikuwunikanso mitengo kapena njira zowerengera ngati wogwiritsa ntchito apempha.
Malangizo okhawo satchula magulu angapo ogwirizana; malire a osakwana chikwi chimodzi ndi mkhalidwe wadziko lonse pansi pa Article 3.7 Energiewet. Ponena za gasi, Article 32 ya Directive (EU) 2009/73 imafunanso kuti anthu ena azitha kupeza magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yofalitsidwa komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndipo pankhani ya magetsi, Articles 32 ndi 59 ya Directive (EU) 2019/944 imapereka malingaliro okhudza kayendetsedwe ka kugawa, mitengo ndi mwayi wopeza magetsi.
Kuyenerera kuyenera kuganiziridwa nthawi zonse
Gridi yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira masiku ano ingataye udindo umenewo. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwirizana, kusintha kwa ntchito ya tsamba, kugulitsa mayunitsi a bizinesi, kapena kuchoka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu kungapangitse kuti zinthu zomwe zili mu Article 3.7 Energiewet zisakwaniritsidwe, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchotsedwa kwa chizindikiritsocho kungatheke.
Ili si lamulo lokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a milandu, koma likutsatira mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zikusonkhanitsidwa: kusintha kulikonse koyenera kuyenera kuwunikidwanso motsatira Nkhani 3.7. Chifukwa chake tikukulangizani kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muone ngati zinthu zonse zikupitilirabe kukwaniritsidwa; izi ndi gawo la kayendetsedwe kabwino ka gridi yachinsinsi.
Kutsiliza
Kuyenerera kukhala dongosolo lotsekedwa kumafuna kusanthula koona ndi kovomerezeka kwa gridi, malo ndi magulu ogwirizana, oyesedwa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zili mu Article 3.7 Energiewet. Kukonzekera mosamala kumaletsa kuti pempho lovomerezeka lisalephereke, kapena wogwiritsa ntchito gridi mosadziwa akuyang'anira gridi popanda dzina lovomerezeka. Kodi simukudziwa ngati gridi yanu ikuyenerera kukhala dongosolo lotsekedwa, kapena mukufuna kuti kuvomerezedwa kwanu komwe kulipo kapena kuchotsedwa kwanu kuwonedwenso? Maloya athu azamalamulo amagetsi ali okondwa kuganiza nanu limodzi.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa makina otsekedwa ndi gridi ya anthu onse ndi kotani?
Dongosolo lotsekedwa ndi gridi yachinsinsi pamalo omangira mafakitale kapena amalonda, komwe, kwenikweni, palibe mabanja olumikizidwa ndipo mwiniwakeyo amasankha woyendetsa. Gridi ya anthu onse imayang'aniridwa ndi woyendetsa gridi wamba ndipo, kwenikweni, imatsegulidwa kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo mabanja.
Kodi ndi magulu angati olumikizidwa omwe dongosolo lotsekedwa lingakhale nawo osapitirira?
Osakwana chikwi chimodzi. Magulu ogwirizana chikwi chimodzi sakugweranso pansi pa malire a malamulo; mazana asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi asanu ndi anayi ndiye apamwamba kwambiri. Njira yowerengera yeniyeni, mwachitsanzo, obwereka omwe ali kumbuyo kwa kulumikizana kogawana sinakonzedwe mwalamulo; pamene mukukayikira, gwirizanitsani izi ndi ACM pasadakhale.
Kodi makina otsekedwa angapereke chakudya m'nyumba?
Mwachidule, ayi. Kupatulapo pang'ono kumagwira ntchito kwa anthu ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba omwe amagwira ntchito ndi, kapena omwe ali ndi ubale wofanana ndi, mwiniwake wa makinawo, monga okhala m'kampani yomwe ikukhala pamalopo.
Kodi njira yodziwira ACM imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mwachidule, ACM iyenera kusankha fomu yopempha kuti ivomerezedwe mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kamodzi, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ganizirani izi mukamakonzekera malonda kapena polojekiti.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi kuchotsedwa komwe kulipo kale motsatira malamulo am'mbuyomu?
Pa machitidwe omwe alipo kale omwe ali ndi ufulu wakale, Nkhani 7.32 Energiewet imapereka lamulo losinthira: mwiniwakeyo amaonedwa kuti, kwa nthawi yotsala ya ufulu, ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiritso ndi nthawi yokumana. Chifukwa chake pempho latsopano silikufunika panthawiyo.
Kodi kuvomereza, kukangoperekedwa, kungachotsedwenso?
Inde. Malinga ndi Nkhani 3.2 Energiebesluit, ACM ikhoza kuchotsa kuvomereza, pakati pa zinthu zina ngati zofunikira za Nkhani 3.7 Energiewet sizikukwaniritsidwanso, pomwe dongosolo silikuyang'aniridwa ndi woyendetsa wosankhidwayo, ngati pakhala kuphwanya zina mwa maudindo a woyendetsa, kapena ngati pempholo linali ndi chidziwitso cholakwika kapena chosakwanira.
Kodi njira yotsekedwa siili ndi vuto la kutsekeka kwa magalimoto?
Ayi, osati zokha. Malinga ndi Nkhani 3.104 Energiewet, maudindo enaake ochokera mu Chaputala 9 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi woyendetsa dongosolo lotsekedwa. Kaya, komanso mpaka pati, udindo winawake ukugwira ntchito umafunika kuwunika mlandu uliwonse.
