Kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha wina: ndi liti pamene kuphwanya malamulo a malonda kumachitika?

Kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha wina popanda chilolezo n'koletsedwa ku Netherlands pamene chizindikirocho ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito pochita malonda m'njira imodzi mwa zomwe zalembedwa mu Article 2.20 ya Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property (BCIP, mu Dutch BVIE) kapena gawo lofanana la EU Trade Mark Regulation. Chosiyana chachikulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kotchulidwa: pansi pa Article 2.23 BCIP mungagwiritse ntchito chizindikiro kuti muzindikire kapena kutchula katundu kapena ntchito za mwiniwake, bola mutachita izi mogwirizana ndi machitidwe amalonda owona mtima.

Chizindikiro chingatetezedwenso ndi lamulo la ufulu wa olemba ndi mayina amalonda, komanso ndi lamulo la milandu ya milandu ya Article 6:162 ya Dutch Civil Code (BW). Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ufulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi yomwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zomwe zimachitika mwiniwake akachitapo kanthu.

Ndi ufulu uti womwe umateteza logo?

Chizindikiro chingatetezedwe ndi lamulo la zizindikiro zamalonda, ufulu wa olemba ndi dzina la malonda nthawi imodzi. Ufulu umene umagwira ntchito ndi umene umasankha yankho lililonse lothandiza, choncho yang'anani kaye zimenezo.

Lamulo la chizindikiro cha malonda ndilo lalikulu. Mu Benelux, ufulu wa chizindikiro cha malonda umachokera kokha pakulembetsa, ndi Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP) ya Netherlands, Belgium ndi Luxembourg, kapena ndi EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) ya EU yonse. Malinga ndi Article 2.9 BCIP, kulembetsa kwa Benelux kumatenga zaka khumi ndipo kumatha kukonzedwanso. Malinga ndi Article 2.27 BCIP ikhoza kuchotsedwa ngati chizindikirocho sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwenikweni kwa zaka zisanu. Ma register onsewa ndi a anthu onse ndipo ndi aulere kusaka.

Ufulu wachinsinsi umateteza logo yokha motsatira lamulo la Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) ngati ndi kapangidwe koyambirira kokhala ndi chidindo cha wopanga wake. Mawu osavuta omwe ali mu mawonekedwe wamba sadzayenerera; kapangidwe kazithunzi kosiyana nthawi zambiri kamayenerera. Pansi pa Nkhani 37 ya Ufulu wachinsinsi, chitetezo chimakhala mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pamene wopanga anamwalira, kotero logo yakale ikhoza kutetezedwa pambuyo poti kulembetsa chizindikiro cha malonda kwatha.

Lamulo la mayina amalonda nthawi zambiri limaiwalika. Nkhani 5 ya lamulo la mayina amalonda (Handelsnaamwet) imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lamalonda lomwe lili lofanana kwambiri ndi lomwe lilipo kale kotero kuti pangakhale chisokonezo, poganizira mtundu ndi malo a mabizinesi onse awiri. Palibe chifukwa cholembetsa.

Ngati palibe ufulu uliwonse womwe ukugwira ntchito, Nkhani 6:162 BW ikhoza kugwirabe ntchito, mwachitsanzo kutsanzira kwachinyengo komwe kumabweretsa chisokonezo chomwe chingapeweke. Kutsatsa kosokeretsa komanso koyerekeza kumayendetsedwa padera mu Nkhani 6:194 ndi 6:194a BW.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito logo kumaphwanya liti chizindikiro cha malonda?

Nkhani 2.20(2) BCIP imapatsa mwiniwake zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zoletsera kugwiritsa ntchito; chimodzi ndi chokwanira. Zonsezi zimafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yogulitsa (economisch verkeer), ndichifukwa chake kujambula payekha si kuphwanya malamulo ndipo T-sheti yosindikizidwa yogulitsidwa ikhoza kukhala.

Chikwangwani chofanana pa katundu kapena ntchito zofanana

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chikwangwani chofanana ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa pa katundu kapena ntchito zofanana, kuphwanya malamulo kumatsimikiziridwa popanda umboni wa chisokonezo. Umu ndi momwe zinthu zonyenga zimachitikira: chizindikiro cholembetsedwa pa zikwama zanu, chomwe chikugulitsidwa.

Chizindikiro chofanana ndi kuthekera kosokonezeka

Chifukwa ichi chimathetsa mikangano yambiri yeniyeni. Ngati chikwangwani ndi katundu kapena ntchito zili zofanana kapena zofanana, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kuwonetsa kuti anthu onse ayenera kusokonezeka, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kogwirizana.

Makhothi amapanga kuwunika konse. Amayerekeza zizindikiro m'maso, m'makutu, komanso m'malingaliro ndipo amayesa zimenezo ndi kufanana kwa katunduyo ndi kusiyana kwa chizindikiro choyambirira. Mfundo yofunikira ndi ogula wamba, odziwa bwino ntchito komanso osamala, omwe nthawi zambiri samawona zizindikiro zonse ziwiri mbali imodzi. Cholinga sichifunika: mutha kuphwanya chizindikiro chomwe simunamvepo.

Zizindikiro zokhala ndi mbiri yabwino

Kwa chizindikiro chomwe chili ndi mbiri ku Benelux kapena EU, mwiniwakeyo sayenera kuwonetsa chisokonezo. Ndikokwanira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chofanana, popanda chifukwa, kuwononge kapena kuwononga khalidwe kapena mbiri ya chizindikirocho. Chitetezochi chimagwira ntchito kaya katunduyo ndi wofanana kapena ayi.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito liti chizindikiro cha kampani ina?

Lamulo la Dutch ndi EU la zizindikiro zamalonda lilibe chiphunzitso cha kugwiritsa ntchito mwachilungamo cha mtundu wa ku America. Chomwe chili nacho ndi mndandanda wotsekedwa wa zoletsa zomwe zili mu Article 2.23 BCIP, kuphatikiza kutopa kwa ufulu ndi malamulo okhudza kutsatsa kofananira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Malinga ndi Nkhani 2.23(1)(c) BCIP, mwiniwake sangaletse kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikirochi kuti adziwe kapena kutchula katundu kapena ntchito ngati za mwiniwake, makamaka kusonyeza cholinga cha zowonjezera kapena zida zina. Izi zimathandiza garaja kunena mitundu ya magalimoto yomwe imagwirira ntchito ndi shopu kutchula mitundu yomwe imasunga.

Choletsa chilichonse chili ndi mfundo imodzi: kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kugwirizana ndi machitidwe oona mtima pankhani zamafakitale kapena zamalonda. Khoti Loona za Ufulu la EU lapereka izi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu sikuyenera kusonyeza mgwirizano wamalonda ndi mwiniwake, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika chizindikirocho, kuchinyoza, kapena kuwonetsa katundu wanu ngati zongopeka. Mwachizolowezi: gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro cha mawu m'malo mwa chizindikiro chomwe mawuwo angachite, sungani chizindikiro chanu kukhala cholamulira, ndipo pewani chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka ngati baji yovomerezeka ya mnzanu.

Kutopa ndi vuto lachiwiri. Katundu weniweni akagulitsidwa ku European Economic Area ndi mwiniwake kapena ndi chilolezo chake, mwiniwakeyo sangagwiritse ntchito chizindikirocho kutsutsa kugulitsanso kwawo, ndipo wogulitsa angagwiritse ntchito chizindikirocho kulengeza. Kupatula apo, momwe zinthu zilili zasinthira kapena kutsatsa kwawononga kwambiri mbiri ya chizindikirocho.

Kutsatsa koyerekeza kumaloledwa motsatira Article 6:194a BW kokha pazifukwa zokhwima zosonkhanitsira. Kuyerekezako sikuyenera kukhala kosokeretsa, kuyenera kuyerekeza katundu wokwaniritsa zosowa zomwezo, kuyenera kuyerekeza zinthu, zofunikira, zotsimikizika komanso zoyimira, ndipo kuyenera kusanyoza mpikisano kapena kuwonetsa katundu ngati wongoyerekeza.

Kuseketsa ndi kutsutsa sikusiyana kwenikweni ndi lamulo la zizindikiro zamalonda, mosiyana ndi lamulo la kukopera, komwe Nkhani 18b ya Copyright Act imalola kuseketsa. Kuseketsa kumatetezedwa makamaka chifukwa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda, kapena chifukwa pali chifukwa choyenera chifukwa cha ufulu wolankhula motsatira Nkhani 10 ya European Convention on Human Rights. Nthabwala yolembedwa pa zinthu zogulitsidwa nthawi zambiri si yotetezeka.

Kodi malamulo a ma logo pa intaneti ndi ati?

Mikangano yambiri ya logo tsopano imayamba pa intaneti. Kupereka chizindikiro cha malonda cha mpikisano ngati mawu osakira si kuphwanya malamulo okha, koma kubwereza chizindikiro cha mpikisano mu malonda kapena patsamba lanu lofikira n'kovuta kwambiri kuteteza.

Khoti Lalikulu la EU lagamula kuti funso lofunika kwambiri pa malonda a mawu ofunikira ndi lakuti ngati wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti wodziwa bwino angathe kudziwa ngati katundu wolengezedwayo akuchokera kwa mwiniwake wa chizindikiro cha malonda kapena kwa munthu wina. Kutsatsa komwe kumatchula bwino bizinesi yanu komanso kusonyeza kuti palibe ulalo nthawi zambiri kumaloledwa.

Misika ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kwenikweni sali ndi mlandu pa mndandanda wa ogwiritsa ntchito awo, bola ngati sachitapo kanthu ndipo amachitapo kanthu mwachangu akadziwitsidwa. Malinga ndi EU Digital Services Act, malo ochezera ayenera kupereka njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchitapo kanthu, yomwe imapatsa eni ake njira yachangu yochotsera mndandanda.

Chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithunzi cha mbiri kapena dzina la akaunti chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha malonda ndipo chingaphwanye lamulo la mayina amalonda nthawi yomweyo. Dzina la domain la .nl lomwe lili ndi chizindikiro likhoza kutsutsidwa m'makhothi wamba kapena mu njira yothetsera mikangano ya mayina a domain a .nl; njirayi imangolamula kusamutsa kapena kuletsa, osati kuwonongeka.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mwini chizindikiro cha malonda akachitapo kanthu?

Kukakamiza nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi kalata yopempha mwalamulo (sommatie), kutsatiridwa ndi njira zoperekera chithandizo cha kanthawi kochepa (kort geding) ngati simukutsatira. Pa milandu ya chuma chanzeru, wotayika amalipira ndalama zoyenera komanso zoyenerera za wopambana malinga ndi Nkhani 1019h ya Code of Civil Procedure (Rv), osati sikelo yotsika.

Kalata yopempha nthawi zambiri imakupemphani kuti musiye, kusaina chikalata choletsa (onthoudingsverklaring) ndi chilango cha pangano, kuulula ogulitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zagulitsidwa, ndi kulipira ndalama. Chikalata chimenecho ndi pangano: chilangocho chikhoza kupemphedwa popanda khoti kupeza kuti chaphwanya lamulo, choncho musachisayine musanawerenge.

Pa milandu yofulumira, khothi likhoza kupereka lamulo loletsa popanda kukumverani kaye motsatira Article 1019e Rv. Motsatira Article 1019b-1019d Rv, mwiniwakeyo angapeze chilolezo chomangirira umboni pasadakhale. Katundu wabodza pamalire akunja a EU akhoza kusungidwa ndi kasitomu potengera pempho la mwini ufuluwo.

Ponena za ubwino wake, Nkhani 2.21 BCIP imalola mwiniwake kupempha ndalama zowonongera katundu, komanso, phindu lomwe amapeza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Khothi likhozanso kulamula kuti katundu abwezedwe ndi kuwonongedwa. Kugulitsa mwadala katundu wabodza ndi mlandu wokhudza milandu ya Dutch Criminal Code. Buku lathu lotsogolera pankhani yokhudza kutsata malamulo okhudza katundu wanzeru ku Netherlands limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira izi.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha kampani ina?

Mikangano yambiri imatha kupewedwa ndi macheke ochepa otsika mtengo. Chitani izi musanayike chizindikiro patsamba lanu, phukusi kapena malonda.

• Fufuzani ma BOIP ndi ma EUIPO registers kuti mupeze chizindikirocho ndipo yang'anani katundu ndi ntchito zomwe zalembetsedwa.
• Funsani ngati kutchula dzina la kampani m'mawu okwanira; gwiritsani ntchito chizindikirocho pokhapokha ngati mukuchifunadi.
• Pezani chilolezo cholembedwa cha makoma a logo ya makasitomala, mabaji a ogwirizana nawo, ndi kuyika chizindikiro pamodzi, ndipo yang'anani malangizo a kampani.
• Pewani mawu monga “ovomerezeka”, “ovomerezeka” kapena “ovomerezeka” pokhapokha ngati ubalewo ulipodi; apo ayi Nkhani 6:194 ndi 6:194a BW zimagwiranso ntchito.
• Chongani gawo lililonse la chinsinsi mu mgwirizano wakale wa kasitomala musanawonetse chizindikiro cha kasitomalayo mu mbiri yanu.
• Ngati wopanga mapulani adapanga chizindikiro chanu, onetsetsani kuti ufulu wokopera waperekedwa kwa inu ndi chikalata cholembedwa, monga momwe Article 2 ya Copyright Act imanenera.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati mwini wa kampani?

Zosankha zanu zokakamiza malamulo zimadalira zomwe mudalembetsa komanso momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito. Yang'anani mfundo izi musanatumize kalata yopempha.

• Kodi chizindikirocho chinalembetsedwa ndi BOIP kapena EUIPO, kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu ndi ntchito zoyenera, ndipo kodi kulembetsaku kukugwirabe ntchito?
• Kodi mwagwiritsa ntchitodi chizindikirochi m'zaka zisanu zapitazi, kotero kuti sichingathe kuchotsedwa malinga ndi Article 2.27 BCIP?
• Kodi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu winayo kumagwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa umboni, kutopa kapena kufananiza malonda?
• Kodi mwasunga umboni wa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, ndi masiku ndi zithunzi?
• Pa mndandanda wa pa intaneti, kodi mwagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchitapo kanthu ya nsanjayi?

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mwalandira kalata yopempha thandizo?

Musasayine chilichonse tsiku lomwelo, koma yankhani molemba mkati mwa nthawi yomaliza yomwe mwakhazikitsa. Chete chimaitana kuti pakhale milandu yanthawi yochepa, ndipo chiletso cha mbali ina chikaperekedwa, udindo wochichotsa ndi wanu.

Choyamba dziwani ngati chizindikirocho chalembetsedwa, katundu ndi ntchito ziti, komanso ngati chikugwirabe ntchito. Onani ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kugwera mu kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera kapena kutopa, ndipo sungani umboni wa momwe komanso kuyambira nthawi yomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chanu, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kungakupatseni ufulu wanu. Ngati kuphwanya malamulo kuli komveka bwino, mgwirizano wokambirana wokhala ndi chilango chofanana ndi nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika mtengo kuposa milandu; lamulo la mtengo la Article 1019h Rv limagwira ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri. Mafunso okhudzana ndi izi akuphatikizidwa m'nkhani zathu zokhudza ngati ma hashtag angakhale zizindikiro zamalonda komanso lamulo la Dutch loteteza zinsinsi zamalonda.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi mikangano ya logo ndi chizindikiro cha malonda?

Maloya athu amakampani amalangiza eni ake amakampani ndi mabizinesi omwe akuimbidwa mlandu wophwanya malamulo.

• Timafufuza ma BOIP ndi ma EUIPO registers ndikuwona ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu komwe mukukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kofanana kapena kuphwanya malamulo.
• Timalemba mapangano a zilolezo, kupanga chizindikiro pamodzi, ndi kupanga logo, kuphatikizapo kupereka ufulu wolembedwa.
• Timayesa kalata yofunsira ntchito ndi zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndikulemba yankho lanu mkati mwa nthawi yomaliza.
• Timalemba makalata opempha thandizo ndi zidziwitso za papulatifomu ndikuchita njira zothandizira eni ake a kampani pakanthawi kochepa.
• Timatumiza milandu yotsutsa ndi kuletsa ku BOIP ndikugwira ntchito ndi mikangano ya mayina a domain ya .nl.

Chidule

• Kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha wina pa malonda kumaphwanya chizindikiro cha malonda cholembetsedwa pamaziko a Article 2.20 BCIP: kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana, kuthekera kwa chisokonezo, kapena ubwino wosalungama wa chizindikiro chokhala ndi mbiri yabwino.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera motsatira Nkhani 2.23 BCIP, kutopa ndi kutsatsa kovomerezeka n'kololedwa, ngati akutsatira njira zolondola zamalonda.
• Ufulu wa olemba (mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pamene wopanga anamwalira) ndi Trade Names Act zimatha kuteteza logo ngakhale popanda kulembetsa chizindikiro cha malonda.
• Pa milandu ya katundu wanzeru, wotayika amalipira ndalama zenizeni za wopambana malinga ndi Article 1019h Rv, choncho tengani kalata yopempha mozama.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI