1. Mau Oyamba: Ndi Liti Pamene Alimony Sali Wokakamiza Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Izi Ndi Zofunika
Alimony si nthawi zonse yovomerezeka pambuyo pa chisudzulo. Mu bukhuli, mupeza ndendende nthawi zomwe simuyenera kulipira chithandizo chabanja kapena chithandizo cha ana, ndi zina ziti zomwe zilipo, komanso momwe mungakonzere izi.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo kapena kutha kwa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa, udindo wa alimony sumangobwera. Pali yeniyeni zinthu zimene mulibe kulipira alimony konse, kapena amene alipo udindo lapses. Izi zitha kukupulumutsirani mapaundi masauzande pachaka.
Mu bukuli lofotokoza bwino lomwe, tikufotokoza zochitika zonse zomwe kusamalira sikofunikira, njira zochotsera chisamaliro, zitsanzo zothandiza kuchokera ku milandu yamilandu ndi mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri. Kaya mukufuna kudziwa nthawi yomwe kusamalira mkazi kapena mwamuna wanu kumatha kapena momwe kusamalira mwana kumathera, mupeza zambiri zonse zomwe mukufuna apa.
2. Kumvetsetsa Udindo Wosamalira: Pamene Iwo Ulipo Ndipo Osafunikira
2.1 Mitundu Yakusamalira ndi Malamulo Ofunikira
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yosamalira: kusamalira mwamuna kapena mkazi ndi kusamalira ana. Kusamalira mwamuna ndi mkazi ndi ndalama zomwe wokwatirana naye wakale yemwe anali ndi ndalama zambiri amapereka kwa mnzake wakale ndi njira zochepa zandalama pambuyo pa kusudzulana. Kusamalira ana ndi ndalama zothandizira kusamalira ana.
Udindo wokonza umakhalapo pokhapokha ngati pali ntchito zovomerezeka. Kusamalira banja, payenera kukhala pali ukwati kapena mgwirizano wolembetsedwa. Kukhalira limodzi popanda mgwirizano wa cohabitation sikubweretsa udindo wokonza pakati pa okondedwa. Kusamalira ana, udindo wosamalira umagwira ntchito kwa ana ake omwe, ovomerezeka mwalamulo.
Langizo: Ndikofunikira kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa kusakhalapo kwa udindo ndi kutha kwa udindo womwe ulipo. Palibe udindo womwe ulipo umatanthauza kuti panalibe udindo womwe ulipo. Kutha kwa udindo kumatanthauza kuti udindo womwe ulipo wosamalira umatha pazifukwa zina.
2.2 Ubale pakati pa malamulo osiyanasiyana osamalira
Thandizo la okwatirana ndi chithandizo cha ana zimatengera malamulo ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Woweruza nthawi zonse amawona ngati pali ndalama zokwanira komanso kufunikira kwa chithandizo. Kuwerengetseraku kumatengera ndalama zomwe zingatayike kuchotsera ndalama zofunikira. Wolandira chithandizo atha kudzipezeranso mokwanira zopezera zofunika pa moyo mwa kuonjezera ndalama.
Tsiku lachisudzulo ndilofunika kuti malamulowo agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuyambira pa 1 Januware 2020, lamulo latsopano lakhala likugwira ntchito pomwe thandizo la okwatirana limapitilira zaka zisanu, m'malo mwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazi. Kutalika kwa chithandizo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe banjali lidakwatirana (zaka zokwatirana). Kwa zisudzulo tsikuli lisanafike, mapangano ena angagwire ntchito, monga momwe zalembedwera m’chisudzulo. Ngati mgwirizanowo udatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zaka 15, nthawi yayitali yosiyana imagwira ntchito pakuthandizira okwatirana.
Kuchuluka kwa kukonza kumadalira pazifukwa zitatu: zosowa za wolandira, mphamvu ya ndalama za wolipira ndi mapangano aliwonse omwe amapangidwa pakati pa omwe kale anali nawo.
3. Malamulo ndi Mgwirizano Wolembetsa
3.1 Maziko Ovomerezeka Osamalira
Maziko ovomerezeka osamalira ku Netherlands adayikidwa mu Civil Code. Izi zikutanthauza kuti okwatirana kale ali ndi udindo wosamalira wina ndi mnzake ndi ana awo pambuyo pa chisudzulo kapena kuthetsedwa kwa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti, monga bwenzi lanu lakale, mutha kukakamizidwa kulipira ndalama zolipirira banja kapena zosamalira mwana, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Posankha kukonza, khoti nthawi zonse limaganizira zosowa za mnzake wakale komanso mphamvu yazachuma ya wolipirayo. Utali waukwati kapena mgwirizano wolembetsedwa nawonso umathandizira pa kuchuluka ndi nthawi yosamalira. Zilibe kanthu kuti munali pabanja kapena muubwenzi wolembetsedwa: malamulo osamalira ana ndi ofanana pazochitika zonse ziwiri. Udindo wosamalira umakhalabe ukugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yonse yomwe woweruzayo watsimikiza kapena mpaka pali chifukwa chalamulo chothetsa.
3.2 Malamulo enieni a maubwenzi olembetsedwa
Kwa maubwenzi olembetsedwa, malamulowo amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi aukwati, koma pali mfundo zingapo zofunika kuzizindikira. Kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2020, nthawi yayitali yothandizidwa ndi okwatirana ndi zaka zisanu, pokhapokha ngati pali ana palimodzi kapena mgwirizanowo udapitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Ngati muli ndi ana palimodzi, chithandizo cha mwamuna kapena mkazi chikhoza kupitirira kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka mwana wamng'ono kwambiri atafika zaka 12. Nthawi zina, khoti lingasankhe kuti chithandizo chiyenera kulipidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mwachitsanzo ngati wokwatirana naye asanakhale wodziimira payekha. Chifukwa chake ndikwanzeru kukaonana ndi mlangizi wa zachuma kapena loya nthawi zonse mukathetsa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa. Mwanjira iyi, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti mukudziwa nthawi yayitali ya chithandizo cha okwatirana komanso ngati pali zina zomwe zingagwire ntchito pazochitika zanu. Kukonzekera bwino kumalepheretsa zodabwitsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapangano opangidwa ndi omveka mwalamulo.
4. Zosintha kuchokera pa 1 Januware 2020
4.1 Kusintha kwakukulu kwamalamulo
Pofika pa 1 Januware 2020, malamulo okhudzana ndi chithandizo cha okwatirana asintha kwambiri. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chithandizo cha mwamuna ndi mkazi kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, nthawi zambiri, monga olipira, simudzasowanso kulipira chithandizo kwa mnzanu wakale kapena bwenzi lomwe mudalembetsa kale kwa nthawi yopitilira zaka zisanu. Pali kuchotserapo, mwachitsanzo ngati mwana wamng'ono kwambiri ali ndi zaka zosakwana 12 kapena ngati mgwirizanowo unatha zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu. Kuonjezera apo, lamuloli tsopano likunena kuti chithandizo cha mwamuna kapena mkazi chimatha pokhapokha ngati mnzanu wakale apita ndi bwenzi latsopano, kukwatiranso kapena kulowa muubwenzi watsopano wolembetsa. Zosinthazi zimakonzedwa kuti zipangitse kukonza bwino komanso kumveka bwino. Ndikofunika kudziwa bwino za malamulo atsopanowa pamene mukusudzulana kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano wolembetsa. Loya woyenera atha kukulangizani za nthawi yayitali yosamalira, zotsatira za kukhalira limodzi kapena ubale watsopano, komanso njira yabwino kwambiri pazochitika zanu. Izi zidzakulepheretsani kulipira nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe malamulo amafunira.
3. Chifukwa chiyani kudziwa za kusiya zosamalira kuli kofunika
Kumvetsetsa kuchotserapo pakukonza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zandalama. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za CBS kuyambira 2023, anthu osudzulidwa amalipira avareji ya £800 mpaka £1,200 pamwezi posamalira mwamuna kapena mkazi. Pazaka zisanu, izi zitha kukhala £48,000 mpaka £72,000. Kulipira kopanda chifukwa kungawononge ndalama zambiri.
Kutsimikizika kwalamulo ndikofunikanso. Podziwa nthawi yomwe alimony siili yovomerezeka, mutha kupewa milandu yayitali komanso kusatsimikizika. Katswiri wa zandalama kapena katswiri wa alimony atha kuthandizira pazovuta, koma chidziwitso chofunikira pazopatulako chimapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama.
Kusintha kwamalamulo pa 1 Januware 2020 kudadzetsa kusatsimikizika kwakukulu pazaudindo wokonza. Amene amadziwa ufulu ndi udindo wawo akhoza kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake ndikupewa udindo wolipira nthawi yaitali.
4. Chidule cha zochitika: pamene kukonza sikufunikira
Muzochitika zotsatirazi, palibe udindo wokonza:
| Mkhalidwe Thandizo la Okwatirana | zokwaniritsa | Kuyambira liti |
|---|---|---|
| Palibe mphamvu zachuma | Ndalama zosakwanira zolipirira nokha | nthawizonse |
| Posafunikira | Wokondedwa wake wakale ali ndi ndalama zokwanira | nthawizonse |
| Kutha kwa nthawi yovomerezeka | Zaka 5 zapita (lamulo latsopano) | 1 January 2020 |
| Ubale watsopano wa mnzako wakale | Ukwati, mgwirizano wolembetsedwa kapena kukhalira limodzi | nthawizonse |
| Mapangano anu | Khalani m'chisudzulo | Monga momwe anavomerezera |
| imfa | Mmodzi mwa maphwandowa wamwalira | nthawizonse |
| Mkhalidwe Kusamalira ana | zokwaniritsa | Mpaka zaka zingati |
| Mwana wopanda ndalama | Ndalama zanu zogulira zinthu | variable |
| Zaka zafika malire | Mwana ali ndi zaka 18 (kapena 21 ngati akuphunzira) | 18-21 |
| Palibe mwana wake | Palibe kholo lobadwa kapena lovomerezeka | Osakakamiza konse |
| imfa | Mwana kapena kholo lamwalira | nthawizonse |
Udindo wosamalira umatha ngati mnzake wakale yemwe akulandira chithandizo alowa muubwenzi watsopano, kukhalira limodzi, kukwatira kapena kulowa muubwenzi wolembetsedwa. Kusamalira okwatirana kumatheranso pamene nthawi yovomerezeka yatha, pamene mmodzi wa maphwando amwalira kapena pamene penshoni ya boma iyamba ndipo zaka za penshoni za boma zafika.
Ngati mkhalidwe wa munthu amene akulandira chithandizo cha mwamuna kapena mkazi wake wasintha, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha ubale watsopano kapena ndalama zokwanira zawo, izi zidzakhudza ufulu wawo wosamalira ndipo udindowo ukhoza kutha.
Makonzedwe osiyanasiyana angagwiritse ntchito zisudzulo pamaso pa 1 January 2020. Choncho, nthawi zonse yang'anani pangano lachisudzulo kuti mupeze zofunikira zenizeni zokhudzana ndi nthawi yayitali ya chithandizo cha okwatirana.
5. Pang'onopang'ono: Momwe mungasinthire kapena kupewa kukonzanso
Gawo 1: Yang'anani Zomwe Muli
Sonkhanitsani zikalata zonse zofunika monga pangano lachisudzulo, zomwe zapeza posachedwa komanso umboni wakusintha kwanyengo. Pangani mndandanda kuti mudziwe zifukwa zomwe mungakhululukire zomwe zikugwirizana ndi vuto lanu.
Werengani kuchuluka kwachuma chanu molingana ndi malangizo a LBIO (National Maintenance Collection Agency). Izi zidzakupatsani lingaliro la ngati mudakali ndi ndalama zokwanira zolipirira kukonza. Ganizirani za kusintha kwa ndalama zomwe mumapeza, ndalama zokhazikika kapenanso udindo watsopano wazachuma.
Pa chithandizo cha maanja: onetsetsani ngati nthawi yovomerezeka ya zaka zisanu yatha, ngati mnzanu wakale ali pachibwenzi chatsopano, kapena ngati zinthu zina zofunika zasintha. Zothandizira ana: onetsetsani ngati mwana wanu wafika zaka 18 kapena ali wodziyimira pawokha pazachuma. Ngati mwana wazaka 18 kapena kuposerapo apeza ndalama zokwanira zodzisamalira yekha, sipangakhalenso kufunika kwa chithandizo cha ana.
Gawo 2: Yambitsani ndondomeko yovomerezeka
Choyamba, yesani kupeza mapangano atsopano ndi mnzanu wakale kudzera mwa mkhalapakati. Nkhani zambiri zitha kuthetsedwa motere popanda milandu yowononga ndalama zambiri. Mkhalapakati amathandiza kuti pakhale mgwirizano wovomerezeka kwa onse awiri.
Ngati kukambilana sikulephereka, ndiye kuti milandu idzafunika. Khalani ndi loya wodziwa zamalamulo abanja. Woyimira milandu woyenerera adzadziwa malamulo osamalira ndipo akhoza kuwunika mwayi wanu.
Tumizani pempho ku khoti kuti mupemphe kusintha kapena kuthetseratu kukonza. Ngati zinthu zasintha kwambiri, mutha kupanganso chiwerengero chatsopano chokonzekera. Gwiritsani ntchito umboni wothandizira monga kuwerengera kwa LBIO kukonza. Pazochitika zosayembekezereka, monga matenda a nthawi yaitali kapena kusowa ntchito, udindo wosamalira ukhoza kuyesedwanso.
Gawo 3: Lembani ndi kuyang'anira zotsatira
Pambuyo pa chigamulo chabwino cha khoti, muyenera kukwaniritsa chigamulocho. Dziwitsani abwana anu ngati panali zokometsera za malipiro anu ndipo lizani zosintha zilizonse kwa akuluakulu amisonkho pamisonkho yanu.
Chaka chilichonse fufuzani ngati zinthu zikuyendabe. Kusintha kungakhudze udindo wokonza. Muzilemba masiku ofunika, monga pamene mwana womaliza akwanitsa zaka 12 kapena nthawi imene nthawi yovomerezeka yalamulo yatha.
Sungani zolembedwa zonse zomwe zichitike kuti mudzazigwiritse ntchito m'tsogolo, makamaka ngati kusintha kudzachitikanso pambuyo pake.
6. Zolakwa zambiri pothetsa kukonza
Cholakwika 1: Kuletsa kulipira popanda chilolezo cha khoti Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti akhoza kusiya kulipira nthawi yovomerezeka ikatha kapena wokondedwa wawo wakale ali pachibwenzi chatsopano. Izi siziloledwa. Udindo wosamalira umakhalapobe mpaka khoti litasankha zosiyana.
Cholakwika chachiwiri: Kusanena za ubale watsopano wa mnzanu wakale munthawi yake Ngati wakale wanu alowa mu ubale watsopano, kukwatira kapena kukhala ndi munthu wina, muyenera kunena izi munthawi yake. Kudikira kungatanthauze kuti mumalipira ndalama zosamalira kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mukufunira.
Cholakwika 3: Kusokoneza chithandizo cha mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi mwana Malamulo okhudza chithandizo cha mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi mwana amasiyana kwambiri. Chithandizo cha mkazi nthawi zambiri chimatha patatha zaka zisanu (kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2020), pomwe chithandizo cha mwana chimapitirira mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 18 kapena 21. Samalani kwambiri izi.
Langizo: Nthawi zonse tsatirani njira yovomerezeka. Kusiya kulipira nokha kungayambitse mavuto a ngongole ndi milandu. Ikani ndalama mu uphungu wa zamalamulo; ndalama zomwe zimawononga nthawi zambiri zimaposa ndalama zomwe mumasunga.
7. Chitsanzo chothandiza: Kuthetsa bwino chithandizo cha mwamuna ndi mkazi
Mlandu: Jan adalipira €1,000 yothandizira mkazi wake wakale Marie kwa zaka zisanu atasudzulana mu Januwale 2018. Ukwati wawo unatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo analibe ana limodzi.
Poyamba:
- Chisudzulo: Januware 2018
- Ukwati unatha: zaka 8
- Thandizo la okwatirana: € 1000 pamwezi
- Palibe ana pamodzi
- Alimony inayamba mu February 2018
Mayendedwe:
- January 2023: Jan adazindikira kuti nthawi yovomerezeka ya zaka zisanu idzatha mu February 2023
- February 2023: Malangizo azamalamulo adafunsidwa kwa loya
- March 2023: Pempho linaperekedwa kukhoti kuti lithetse thandizo la mwamuna kapena mkazi
- April 2023: Woweruza adagamula kuti thandizo la okwatirana litha pa Meyi 1, 2023
Chotsatira chomaliza:
- Ntchito yosamalira idathetsedwa kuyambira Meyi 2023
- Kusunga pachaka: € 12,000
- Ndalama zalamulo za loya: € 2,800
- Ndalama zonse zomwe zasungidwa m'chaka choyamba: € 9,200
| Nthawi | Action | Cost | Kusungidwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2023 | Mayendedwe ndi malangizo | € 300 | - |
| Mar 2023 | Yambani ndondomeko | € 2,500 | - |
| mwina 2023 | Alimony amatha | - | € 12,000 / chaka |
| Total | Chaka choyamba | € 2,800 | € 9,200 |
Chitsanzochi chikusonyeza kufunika kochita zinthu pa nthawi yake. Jan akanatha kuyamba ntchitoyi mu Januware 2023 ndikusunga miyezi iwiri yolipira alimony.
8. Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kusalipira
Funso 1: "Bwanji ngati mnzanga wakale savomera kusiya ndalama zolipirira?"
Simufunika chilolezo wanu wakale ngati pali zifukwa malamulo kuthetsa alimony. Khoti pamapeto pake lidzagamulapo ngati zinthuzo zakwaniritsidwa. Mnyamata wanu wakale akhoza kutsutsa, koma sizikutanthauza kuti nkhaniyi idzayimitsidwa.
Funso 2: Kodi ndingabwezere ndalama ngati ndinalipira molakwika?
Nthawi zambiri ayi, pokhapokha ngati pali chikhulupiliro choyipa chotsimikiziridwa ndi mnzanu wakale. N’chifukwa chake m’pofunika kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake zinthu zikasintha.
Funso 3: “Kodi lamulo la zaka 5 limagwiranso ntchito pakulera ana?
Ayi, nthawi yovomerezeka ya zaka zisanu imangogwira ntchito kwa okwatirana kuyambira 1 January 2020. Thandizo la ana limapitirira mpaka mwanayo atafika zaka 18, kapena 21 ngati akuphunzira kapena alibe ndalama zawo.
Funso 4: "Ndi ndalama zotani zokambitsirana pamilandu ndipo bwanji ngati ndili ndi mavuto azachuma?"
Ndalama zolipirira zamalamulo zimasiyana pakati pa € 2,000 ndi € 4,000 pazokambirana zanthawi zonse. Anthu ena ali oyenera kulandira thandizo lazamalamulo. Nthawi zambiri ndalamazo zimabwezeredwa mwachangu posunga pokonza.
Funso 5: "Bwanji ngati mnzanga wakale atakwatiwanso kapena kulowa muubwenzi wolembetsedwa?"
Thandizo la okwatirana limayima zokha ngati wakale wanu akwatiranso kapena atalowa muubwenzi wolembetsedwa. Muyenera kukhala otsimikiza izi ndi khoti. Kukhalira limodzi muubwenzi watsopano wautali kungakhalenso chifukwa chothetsera chithandizo cha mwamuna kapena mkazi.
Funso 6: Kodi ndingagwirizane pa nthawi yotalikirapo ya chisudzulo?
Inde, mukhoza kuvomereza kuti chithandizo cha mwamuna ndi mkazi chidzatenga nthawi yaitali kapena yochepa kuposa zaka zisanu. Izi ziyenera kukhala zomveka ndipo zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi khoti ngati zinthu zisintha.
9. Kutsiliza: Mfundo Zofunika Kupatulapo Kusamalira
Mikhalidwe isanu yofunika kwambiri yomwe simuyenera kulipira yokonza ndi: kusowa kwachuma kapena kusowa, kutha kwa nthawi yovomerezeka ya zaka zisanu, ubale watsopano wa mnzanu wakale, mapangano enieni mu mgwirizano wachisudzulo, ndi kusintha kwakukulu.
Osasiya kulipira popanda chilolezo cha khothi. Popanda chigamulo chovomerezeka, ntchito yosamalira ikugwirabe ntchito.
Ndalama zoyendetsera milandu nthawi zambiri zimaposa ndalama zomwe zasungidwa. Ndi ndalama zolipirira mwezi uliwonse za £ 1,000, mudzabwezanso ndalama zolipira zamalamulo.
Lumikizanani ndi loya wodziwa zamalamulo abanja kuti akupatseni malangizo. Chilichonse ndi chapadera ndipo chimayenera kukonzedwa mwaluso.
Njira zotsatirazi: Yang'anani pangano lanu lachisudzulo ndi mkhalidwe wanu wamakono. Kodi mukuganiza kuti mukulipira zokonza mopanda chilungamo? Kenako funsani kwa loya wa zamalamulo pabanja pa Law & More posachedwa pomwe pangathekele. Kuchita zinthu moyenera kungakupulumutseni ndalama zambiri.
