Pempho la Woo ku Netherlands

Pafupifupi chilichonse chochita ndi bungwe la boma la ku Netherlands chimasiya njira yolembera mapepala: malipoti owunikira, mafayilo a zilolezo, makalata ndi opikisana nawo, zikalata zamkati. Zambiri mwa izi zitha kupezeka ndi aliyense amene akufunsa, kudzera mu Woo-verzoek - pempho pansi pa Wet open overheid. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe boma limagwirira ntchito, momwe mungapemphere kuti mupange zikalata, ndi zomwe mungachite bungwe likakuuzani kuti zambiri zanu zitsala pang'ono kufalitsidwa.

Kodi Wet open overheid ndi chiyani?

Lamulo la Wet open overheid (Open Government Act) ndi lamulo la ufulu wa chidziwitso ku Netherlands. Gawo 1.1 Woo limafotokoza poyambira pake: aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza chidziwitso cha anthu onse popanda kuwonetsa chidwi, malinga ndi malire omwe Lamulolo limapereka. Kupeza chidziwitso ndi lamulo; kukana ndi chinthu chosiyana ndipo chiyenera kukhala chovomerezeka.

Chaputala 3 chimayang'anira kuulula kwa bungwe lokha, chaputala 4 kuulula ngati pempho liperekedwa, chaputala 5 kupatulapo. Algemene wet bestuursrecht (Awb) imagwira ntchito pamwamba: chisankho pa pempho la Woo ndi chisankho cha oyang'anira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi njira zotsutsa ndi zopempha.

Woo adalowa m'malo mwa Wob pa 1 Meyi 2022

Mpaka pa 1 Meyi 2022 lamulo lolamulira linali Wet openbaarheid van bestuur (Wob). Woo adalowa m'malo mwake pa tsiku limenelo popanda malamulo osinthira: zopempha zomwe zinali zitatsala pang'ono kuperekedwa zidasankhidwa motsatira lamulo latsopanoli. Zosintha zitatu ndizofunikira kwambiri.

• Maudindo owulula zinthu. Art. 3.1 Woo imapangitsa kuti kuulula nkhani mwakufuna kwa bungweli kukhala ntchito yolimbikira, ndipo Art. 3.3 Woo imalemba magulu omwe ayenera kufalitsidwa monga mwachizolowezi — zisankho za ntchito zonse, ma ajenda ndi ma miniti, zisankho zowunikira ndi kukakamiza, malipoti ofufuza ndi zina zambiri. Ntchito yowulula nkhani mwachidwi mu Art. 3.3 Woo imayamba kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi lamulo lachifumu la magulu azidziwitso omwe atchulidwamo, ndipo kufalitsa kumasainidwa kudzera mu index yapakati pa overheid.nl. Kwa wopempha phunziroli ndi losavuta: yang'anani kaye zomwe zafalitsidwa kale.
• Munthu wolumikizana naye. Art. 4.7 Woo imafuna kuti bungwe lililonse lisankhe munthu mmodzi kapena angapo oti ayankhe mafunso okhudza zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kukambirana kwakanthawi musanapereke fomu kumakuuzani zomwe zilipo komanso komwe zilipo - nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kuposa pempho lolembedwa mosamala koma losazindikira.
• Chilango cha chilango cha zisankho zochedwa chatha. Pansi pa Wob bungwe lomwe linaganiza mochedwa limangopereka ngongole kwa wopemphayo dwangsom. Art. 8.2 Woo imasiya njira imeneyo pa zisankho ndi zisankho za Woo pa nkhani yotsutsa. Chifukwa chake kuchedwa sikumawonongeranso ndalama zokha, ndipo kwakhala vuto lofala kwambiri pa zopempha za Woo. Mayankho otsalawo ndi oweruza milandu ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadala.

Ndani angapemphe Woo

Aliyense. Art. 4.1 Woo imalola munthu aliyense kutumiza pempho la chidziwitso cha anthu onse ku bungwe la boma, popanda chifukwa cha dziko kapena malo okhala: makampani akunja, atolankhani ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi anthu okhala ku Netherlands.

Palibe chifukwa chosonyeza chidwi: simuyenera kufotokoza chifukwa chake mukufuna chidziwitsochi, ndipo kusakhalapo kwa gawo lanu si chifukwa chokana. Kudziwika ndi cholinga sikofunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa kuulula pansi pa Woo ndi kuulula kwa dziko lonse lapansi - yankho ndi lomwelo kwa aliyense amene wafunsa. Chifukwa chake, kampani ikhoza kupemphedwa ndi mlangizi popanda kufooketsa. Zimatanthauzanso kuti mpikisano akhoza kukhala kumbuyo kwa pempho lokhudza inu.

Ndi matupi ati omwe aphimbidwa - ndi ati omwe saphimbidwa

Art. 2.2 Woo ikufotokoza za izi: mabungwe oyang'anira m'lingaliro la Awb — nduna, zigawo, mizinda, mabungwe amadzi ndi olamulira ambiri odziyimira pawokha — kuphatikiza mndandanda wodziwika bwino wa mabungwe omwe si mabungwe oyang'anira, kuphatikiza zipinda za States General, Council for the Judiciary, Court of Audit ndi National Ombudsman.

Kunja kwa mwayi wake kuli makhothi omwe ali mu ntchito yawo yoweruza milandu ndi Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo ya Bungwe la Boma; magulu achinsinsi okha, kotero kontrakitala wogwira ntchito ku boma sali pansi pa Woo; ndipo chidziwitso chosagwirizana ndi ntchito ya anthu onse, popeza tanthauzo la "chikalata" mu art. 2.1 Woo imafuna ulalo umenewo. Koma zikalata zomwe chipani chachinsinsi chatumiza ku bungwe, ndipo zomwe bungweli lili nazo, ndi zomwe zingatheke - zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachinsinsi zomwe zingawululidwe. Pamene pempho lipita ku bungwe lolakwika, art. 4.2 Woo imafuna kutumiza.

Zomwe mungapemphe

Cholinga cha pempho ndi chidziwitso cha anthu onse : chidziwitso cholembedwa m'makalata omwe ali m'manja mwa bungwe (Chithunzi 2.1 Woo). "Chikalata" ndi chachikulu — makalata, maimelo, ma memoranda, ma spreadsheet, mauthenga otumizidwa kudzera mu mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito ya anthu onse, ma database, ndi zolemba.

• Thupi siliyenera kupanga chidziwitso chatsopano. Woo imapereka mwayi wopeza zomwe zilipo; sikakamiza bungwe kuti lipange, kuwerengera kapena kulemba chilichonse. Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo inatsimikizira izi pa 13 Marichi 2024 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2024:1066): palibe udindo wopereka chidziwitso chomwe sichilipo, ngakhale pamene malamulo ena adati chiyenera kupangidwa. Chifukwa chake pempho lofunsidwa ngati funso ("ndi ma kuwunika angati omwe adachitika?") limapempha kukana; limodzi lofunsidwa ngati kusaka zolemba ("malipoti onse owunikira patsamba X mu 2023 ndi 2024") silitero.
• Chidziwitsocho chiyenera kusungidwa ndi bungwe. Ngati chikalata chawonongedwa mwalamulo pansi pa Archiefwet, sichikhalapo. Art. 4.1a Woo imakakamiza bungwe kuteteza zikalata zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi pempho lomwe lalandira - chitetezo chenicheni pempholo likangoyamba.

Mosiyana ndi Wob, Woo safunanso pempho lokhudzana ndi "nkhani yoyang'anira": mutuwo uyenera kufotokozedwa mokwanira.

Momwe mungapangire pempho logwira ntchito la Woo

Pempho likhoza kuperekedwa pakamwa, polemba kapena pakompyuta kudzera munjira yomwe bungweli lasankha (art. 4.1 Woo). Wopemphayo ayenera kusonyeza mutu wake, kapena chikalata chokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi. Ngati pempholo ndi lalikulu kwambiri, bungweli liyenera kumufunsa mkati mwa milungu iwiri kuti alifotokoze ndikumuthandiza kuchita zimenezo - udindo weniweni, ndipo bungwe lomwe limakana pempho lalikulu popanda kulowererapo limakhala pachiwopsezo chochita apilo.

Luso la scoping

• Tchulani mutu, osati chikalata. Kupempha "chikumbutso cha pa 4 Marichi" sikukwaniritsidwa ngati chili ndi tsiku la pa 5 Marichi. Pemphani zambiri zonse pa mutu womwe mwasankha, kenako onjezani mitundu ya zikalata zomwe mukuyembekezera.
• Fotokozani nthawi. Pempho lotseguka limakakamiza thupi kufufuza chilichonse, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kuchedwa.
• Tchulani ochita sewero. Dziwani dipatimenti, pulojekiti, fayilo kapena nambala ya chilolezo ndi makampani ena; izi zimapangitsa kuti kufufuza kuchepe ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kosakwanira kukhale kovuta kufotokoza chifukwa chake.
• Pewani kupitirira muyeso. Pempho lolemba zikalata 10,000 silili lolimba, koma limachedwa. Kuchuluka kwa mawu kumayambitsa nkhani. 4.2a Woo, pomwe bungwe liyenera kufunsa wopemphayo za kuyika patsogolo pempho lomwe lafotokozedwa mokwanira koma lalikulu kwambiri kuti lisankhe pa nthawi yake. Kufunsana kumeneko n'kothandiza, komanso ndi momwe pempho limakhalira pulojekiti yotseguka. Yambani mopapatiza; nthawi zonse mutha kubwezanso.
• Funsani fomu yomwe mukufuna (luso 4.5 Woo) — mafayilo osaka m'malo mosanthula, kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zili m'ndandanda wa zikalata zonse zomwe zadziwika ndi chifukwa chokana zomwe zalembedwa motsutsana ndi chilichonse. Zinthu zomwe zili m'ndandanda ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukana pang'ono kuwerengedwe.

Nthawi yosankha, ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwake

Art. 4.4 Woo imafuna chisankho mwamsanga momwe zingathere komanso osachepera mkati mwa milungu inayi kuchokera pamene yalandiridwa. Thupi likhoza kuwonjezera nthawi imeneyo kamodzi, osapitirira milungu iwiri, pomwe kukula kapena zovuta za chidziwitsocho zimatsimikizira; kuwonjezerako kuyenera kudziwitsidwa polemba ndi zifukwa nthawi yoyambirira isanathe. Masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndiye kuchuluka kwa malamulo. Wotchiyo imayimitsidwa pamene thupi likufuna maganizo a anthu ena omwe akukhudzidwa, kuyambiranso akayankha kapena nthawi yawo itatha - nthawi zonse pamapempho okhudza mafayilo amalonda, ndipo nthawi zambiri milungu ingapo.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati tsiku lomaliza lalephera

Popeza art. 8.2 Woo yachotsa malipiro a chilango chokhazikika, kudikira sikukwaniritsa chilichonse. Njira yake ndi iyi:

• Perekani chidziwitso cha kusakhazikika (kusokoneza) nthawi ikatha — chidziwitso chachifupi cholembedwa motsatira Article 6:12 Awb chonena kuti bungweli silinachite bwino ndipo likupatsa milungu iwiri kuti lisankhe.
• Apilo mwachindunji ku khoti la chigawo ngati masabata awiriwo apita popanda chisankho; ayi njira yotsutsa choyamba chofunika.
• Pemphani kuti mulipire chilango cha khoti. Ngati apilo yapambana, khoti limakhazikitsa nthawi yomwe bungwe liyenera kusankha (art. 8.4 Woo) ndipo likhoza kuwonjezera chilango pa tsiku lililonse lochedwa motsatira art. 8:55d Awb. Izi zilowa m'malo mwa ulamuliro wothetsedwa. dwangsom; sichongochitika chokha ndipo chiyenera kupemphedwa.

Onani mfundo yotsutsana ndi nkhaniyi. 8.4 Woo: khoti limaganizira kukula ndi kuuma kwa pempholi komanso khalidwe la wopemphayo, ndipo lingalole nthawi yayitali, kapena kuletsa kupereka ndalama, ngati anakana kugwirizana pa nkhani ya kukula kapena nthawi.

Zifukwa zokanira

Art. 5.1 Woo imasiyanitsa magulu awiri. Zifukwa zenizeni zimavomereza kuti palibe kulinganiza: ngati mfundozo zikugwira ntchito, chidziwitsocho chimakhala chotsekedwa. Zifukwa zokhudzana ndi izi zimafuna kuti bungweli liyese chidwi cha anthu onse pakuwulula motsutsana ndi chidwi chomwe chimatetezedwa. Nkhani yomweyi imalola kukana m'milandu yapadera pomwe kuulula kungayambitse vuto lalikulu ku chidwi chomwe sichinatchulidwe mwanjira ina - malo otsala mwadala, osati chovuta.

Chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chimaonedwa moyenerera mokomera wopemphayo, ndipo mfundo yotsalayo siigwira ntchito konse.

Zifukwa zofunika pa malonda

• Deta ya bizinesi ndi yopanga zinthu imaperekedwa mwachinsinsi. Chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri chomwe kampani ili nacho, chifukwa ndi chotsimikizika. Koma chimawerengedwa mozama: chimaphimba deta yomwe ingatheke kupeza mfundo zokhudzana ndi ntchito zaukadaulo, njira yopangira kapena kugawa katundu, kapena za kusintha ndi phindu - sizinthu zonse zomwe kampani ingakonde kubisa. Chinsinsi chiyenera kukhala chenicheni; deta yoperekedwa popanda chizindikiro chilichonse, kapena yowonekera kale, sidzayenerera. Chilichonse chomwe chili kunja kwa maziko amenewo ndi chocheperako ndipo chingataye ndalama zomwe zilimo.
• Malingaliro a mfundo zaumwini m'malemba olembedwa kuti akambidwe mkati (Chithunzi 5.2 Woo). Malangizo ndi malingaliro a akuluakulu a boma sakusungidwa; mfundo, maulosi ndi njira zina za mfundo si malingaliro a anthu paokha ndipo ziyenera kutulutsidwa. Malingaliro oterewa akhoza kutulutsidwa m'njira yosakhudzana ndi mfundo, ndipo pa zikalata zokonzedwa kuti zipange zisankho zovomerezeka za utsogoleri ziyenera kutulutsidwa, pokhapokha ngati kukambirana kwamkati kungasokonezedwe mopanda malire. Gawoli linawerenga lingaliro limenelo mozama mu chigamulo chake cha pa 8 Okutobala 2025 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:4814), ponena kuti bungwe liyenera kuwonetsa momwe kuulula kungalepheretse kukambirana.
• Zazinsinsi, chifukwa chogwirizana: mayina ndi tsatanetsatane wa ma adilesi a akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, ngakhale kuti akuluakulu a maudindo omwe akuchita zinthu poyera sakhala otetezedwa kwambiri. Kulephera kosagwirizana imatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndipo imavomerezedwa kawirikawiri; idagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamodzi ndi mfundo zamkati, pa 19 Marichi 2025 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:1139).

Art. 5.3 Woo akuwonjezera kuti kuti mudziwe zambiri za zaka zoposa zisanu, thupi liyenera kuyeza nthawi yomwe ikupita: ukalamba umawononga chinsinsi.

Kuchepetsa ndi kuulula pang'ono

Zopatulazo zimagwira ntchito "mpaka" - pa ndime iliyonse, osati pa chikalata chilichonse. Bungwe silingasunge lipoti la masamba zana chifukwa ndime ziwiri ndi zofunika: liyenera kutulutsa zotsalazo ndi ndime zomwe zatsekedwa ndikufotokoza chifukwa chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchotsa chikalata chilichonse. Chigamulo chokana zikalata zonse zogulitsa, kapena kuchotsa chikalata popanda kufotokoza chifukwa chake, ndi cholakwika pazifukwa zimenezo zokha.

ndalama

Kupempha Woo ndi kwaulere, ndipo kuulula komweko kulinso (art. 8.6 Woo). Bungwe likhoza kulipiritsa ndalama zokwanira pamakope, zomwe zimayikidwa pamtengo wa omwe akupereka deta; silingathe kulipiritsa nthawi yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza, kuwunika kapena kusintha. Ndalama za khothi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa apilo, pomwe wopemphayo wopambana nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa ndalama zothandizira.

Kutsutsa ndi kuyitanitsa

• Kutsutsa (kutsutsa) ku bungwe lokha mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chigamulocho chinalengezedwa.
• Kukonda (ntchito) ku khoti la chigawo mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chigamulo cha kutsutsa chinaperekedwa.
• Kupempha kwina ku Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chigamulocho chaperekedwa.
• Mpumulo wa kanthawi (voorlopige voorziening) ikhoza kufunidwa ngati pakufunika kutero mwachangu, pamodzi ndi chitsutso kapena apilo yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa.

Lamulo loletsa nkhanza

Art. 4.6 Woo imalola bungwe kusankha kusagwira ntchito ndi pempho lomwe wopemphayo ali ndi cholinga china kupatula kupeza chidziwitso cha anthu onse, kapena ngati pempholo silikukhudzana ndi nkhani yoyang'anira; chisankho chimenecho chiyenera kutengedwa mkati mwa milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene lalandiridwa, kapena nthawi yomweyo cholinga cholakwikacho chikaonekera. Malire ndi okwera: lamuloli likulunjika kwa iwo omwe apereka kuti alepheretse kapena kuchotsa ndalama, osati kwa iwo omwe mafunso awo sakulandiridwa. Kusamvana ndi ulamuliro si nkhanza.

Malangizo othandiza

Ngati mukupempha

• Chongani zomwe zasindikizidwa kale, ndipo imbani munthu wolumikizana naye pansi pa art. 4.7 Woo, musanapereke fomu.
• Fotokozani mutu, nthawi, dipatimenti ndi makampani ena; funsani mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zasungidwa ndi chifukwa chokana pakusintha kulikonse.
• Lembani masiku a masabata anayi ndi asanu ndi limodzi mukapereka fomu, ndipo perekani chidziwitso chotsimikizira kuti simunachite chilichonse nthawi ikatha.
• Onani kukana pang'ono ngati poyambira: kutsutsa ndi kwaulere, ndipo chisankho pankhaniyi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri.

Ngati mwauzidwa kuti zambiri zanu zitha kuwululidwa

Apa ndi pomwe liwiro limafunikira kwambiri, komanso komwe phindu lalikulu limatayika chifukwa chosachitapo kanthu.

• Tengani pempholi kuti mupereke maganizo anu mozama. Thupi liyenera kumva anthu ena omwe akhudzidwa asanasankhe (art. 4:8 Awb, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu art. 4.4 Woo). zienswijze Ndi mwayi wanu wotsika mtengo kwambiri: ndi pamene thupi limapanga malo ake, ndipo chilichonse pambuyo pake chimakhala chokwera phiri.
• Khalani olunjika, gawo ndi gawo. Mawu onse onena kuti chilichonse ndi chachinsinsi sadzachotsedwa. Dziwani ndimezo, tchulani mfundo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nkhaniyi, ndipo fotokozani momveka bwino zomwe kuulula nkhani zamalonda kungabweretse. Perekani mtundu wosinthidwa womwe mungakhale nawo - mabungwe nthawi zambiri amaugwiritsa ntchito.
• Yang'anani zenera la masabata awiri. Pamene bungweli lasankha kuulula ndipo likuyembekezera kutsutsa, art. 4.4 Woo imafuna kuti lidikire milungu iwiri litalengeza chisankhocho lisanapereke chilichonse; munthu wachitatu amadziwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi wopemphayo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zenera. Perekani chitsutso chanu, ndipo, mozama, pemphani kwa woweruza wothandiza pakanthawi mkati mwa milungu iwiriyo: motsatira gawo la 4.4. Pempho limenelo limayimitsa kuulula mpaka woweruza atapereka chigamulo. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe kampani ingadziwe chokhudza ulamuliro wa ku Netherlands - kuulula si chinthu chongochitika, koma pokhapokha ngati mutalowa mkati mwa zenera. Zikalata zikatulutsidwa zimakhala za anthu onse, ndipo palibe apilo yomwe ingasinthe zimenezo.
• Ganizirani za m'mwamba. Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chidziwitso chaperekedwa, osati pamene chapemphedwa: lembani chinsinsi chenicheni cha bizinesi ndi deta yopanga zinthu ngati imeneyo pamene yatumizidwa, sungani padera pa makalata onse, ndipo musapereke zoposa zomwe zimafunika. Lamulo lomwelo limateteza zinthu zomwe zimayenereranso kukhala chinsinsi cha malonda, chifukwa chikalata chikatulutsidwa pansi pa Woo chinsinsi chake chimatha chifukwa chilichonse.